ISO 5684:2025
(Main)Adhesives — Floor covering adhesives and products for flooring installation — Assessment and classification of low volatile organic compound (VOC) products
Adhesives — Floor covering adhesives and products for flooring installation — Assessment and classification of low volatile organic compound (VOC) products
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions into indoor air from floor covering adhesives and products used for flooring installation. This method is used to determine volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and volatile aldehydes. It is based on the use of a test chamber and subsequent analysis of an air sample for organic compounds by GC-MS respectively HPLC. The main purpose of the test procedure is to obtain relevant performance data for the classification of flooring adhesives and products used for the installation of floor coverings with respect to low VOC emissions during the use phase of the flooring.
Titre manque
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 5684
Second edition
Adhesives — Floor covering
2025-08
adhesives and products for flooring
installation — Assessment and
classification of low volatile organic
compound (VOC) products
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Emission scenario and reference room . 2
5.1 Emission scenario .2
5.2 Reference room and loading factor .2
6 Test chamber conditions . 2
7 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 3
8 Handling of product samples in the laboratory . 3
8.1 General .3
8.2 Preparation of test specimen .3
8.3 Preparation of water-based primers .3
8.4 Preparation of non-water-based primers .3
8.5 Preparation of flooring adhesives .4
8.6 Preparation of levelling compounds .4
8.7 Preparation of (dry) film adhesives (tapes) and underlays for flooring .4
9 Determination of vapour-phase organic compounds in test chamber air . 4
9.1 General .4
9.2 Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in test chamber air .5
9.3 Determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in test chamber air .5
9.4 Determination of carcinogenic substances of category 1 in test chamber air .5
10 Expression of results . 5
11 Reporting of test results . 6
Bibliography . 7
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5684:2023), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— in Clause 6, information on alternative chamber conditions has been added.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Safety in use is an important criterion when selecting adhesives and installation materials. This applies
both to the user of the installation materials and to the residential user of the floor or flooring over its
entire service life. Volatile solvents with boiling points of less than 200 °C, which occur in relatively high
concentrations at the workplace during application, should not be used with respect to occupational safety.
Even those products that are referred to as "solvent-free" by the manufacturers and labelled accordingly can,
if they contain higher-boiling solvents and/or plasticisers, release volatile ingredients into the indoor air
over long periods of time (e.g. weeks, months and years), which is not compatible with today's requirements
for indoor air quality. In addition, products used in residential areas should not release long-term emissions
of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) that can be detected in
the indoor air over weeks, months and sometimes years in relatively low but nevertheless health-relevant
concentrations.
This document specifies an easy reference method for testing the emission (release) of substances from floor
covering adhesives and products for flooring installation into indoor air, expressed as emission classes based
on toluene equivalents. This method uses a test chamber to determine the emissions under conditions, which
are kept constant during the test. These conditions are selected so, that the test results can be expressed
in terms of concentrations of substances in the air of the reference room. The reference room dimensions,
associated product loading factors, as well as climate and ventilation conditions are selected according to
existing standards for determining product emissions to represent the general indoor environment.
This test setup determines a material characteristic of the floor covering adhesives and products for flooring
installation and is limited to this.
NOTE 1 This document describes the overall procedure and makes use of existing standards mainly by normative
reference, complemented when necessary, with additional or modified normative requirements.
NOTE 2 No conclusions about occupational health and safety can be drawn from the testing and/or the classification
of products according to this document.
v
International Standard ISO 5684:2025(en)
Adhesives — Floor covering adhesives and products for
flooring installation — Assessment and classification of low
volatile organic compound (VOC) products
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions into indoor air from floor covering adhesives and products used for flooring installation. This
method is used to determine volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and volatile
aldehydes. It is based on the use of a test chamber and subsequent analysis of an air sample for organic
compounds by GC-MS respectively HPLC.
The main purpose of the test procedure is to obtain relevant performance data for the classification
of flooring adhesives and products used for the installation of floor coverings with respect to low VOC
emissions during the use phase of the flooring.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3251, Paints, varnishes and plastics — Determination of non-volatile-matter content
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor and
test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of organic compounds (VVOC, VOC, SVOC) in indoor and test
chamber air by active sampling on sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS FID
ISO 16000-9, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from samples of
building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
ISO 16000-11, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from samples
of building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
ISO 22631:2019, Adhesives — Test methods for adhesives for floor and wall coverings — Peel test
EN 16516+ A1:2020, Construction products — Assessment of release of dangerous substances — Determination
of emissions into indoor air
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16516+ A1:2020 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purpose of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
GC Gas chromatography
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
MS Mass spectrometry
SVOC Semi-volatile organic compound
TIC Total ion current chromatogram
TSVOC Total semi-volatile organic compound
TVOC Total volatile organic compound
VOC Volatile organic compound
5 Emission scenario and reference room
5.1 Emission scenario
Regarding the determin
...
International
Standard
ISO 5684
Second edition
Adhesives — Floor covering
adhesives and products for flooring
installation — Assessment and
classification of low volatile organic
compound (VOC) products
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Emission scenario and reference room . 2
5.1 Emission scenario .2
5.2 Reference room and loading factor .2
6 Test chamber conditions . 2
7 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 3
8 Handling of product samples in the laboratory . 3
8.1 General .3
8.2 Preparation of test specimen .3
8.3 Preparation of water-based primers .3
8.4 Preparation of non-water-based primers .3
8.5 Preparation of flooring adhesives .4
8.6 Preparation of levelling compounds .4
8.7 Preparation of (dry) film adhesives (tapes) and underlays for flooring .4
9 Determination of vapour-phase organic compounds in test chamber air . 4
9.1 General .4
9.2 Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in test chamber air .5
9.3 Determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in test chamber air .5
9.4 Determination of carcinogenic substances of category 1 in test chamber air .5
10 Expression of results . 5
11 Reporting of test results . 6
Bibliography . 7
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5684:2023), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— in Clause 6, information on alternative chamber conditions has been added.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
iv
Introduction
Safety in use is an important criterion when selecting adhesives and installation materials. This applies
both to the user of the installation materials and to the residential user of the floor or flooring over its
entire service life. Volatile solvents with boiling points of less than 200 °C, which occur in relatively high
concentrations at the workplace during application, should not be used with respect to occupational safety.
Even those products that are referred to as "solvent-free" by the manufacturers and labelled accordingly can,
if they contain higher-boiling solvents and/or plasticisers, release volatile ingredients into the indoor air
over long periods of time (e.g. weeks, months and years), which is not compatible with today's requirements
for indoor air quality. In addition, products used in residential areas should not release long-term emissions
of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) that can be detected in
the indoor air over weeks, months and sometimes years in relatively low but nevertheless health-relevant
concentrations.
This document specifies an easy reference method for testing the emission (release) of substances from floor
covering adhesives and products for flooring installation into indoor air, expressed as emission classes based
on toluene equivalents. This method uses a test chamber to determine the emissions under conditions, which
are kept constant during the test. These conditions are selected so, that the test results can be expressed
in terms of concentrations of substances in the air of the reference room. The reference room dimensions,
associated product loading factors, as well as climate and ventilation conditions are selected according to
existing standards for determining product emissions to represent the general indoor environment.
This test setup determines a material characteristic of the floor covering adhesives and products for flooring
installation and is limited to this.
NOTE 1 This document describes the overall procedure and makes use of existing standards mainly by normative
reference, complemented when necessary, with additional or modified normative requirements.
NOTE 2 No conclusions about occupational health and safety can be drawn from the testing and/or the classification
of products according to this document.
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
v
International Standard ISO 5684:2025(en)
Adhesives — Floor covering adhesives and products for
flooring installation — Assessment and classification of low
volatile organic compound (VOC) products
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions into indoor air from floor covering adhesives and products used for flooring installation. This
method is used to determine volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and volatile
aldehydes. It is based on the use of a test chamber and subsequent analysis of an air sample for organic
compounds by GC-MS respectively HPLC.
The main purpose of the test procedure is to obtain relevant performance data for the classification
of flooring adhesives and products used for the installation of floor coverings with respect to low VOC
emissions during the use phase of the flooring.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3251, Paints, varnishes and plastics — Determination of non-volatile-matter content
ISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor and
test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000-6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of organic compounds (VVOC, VOC, SVOC) in indoor and test
chamber air by active sampling on sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS FID
ISO 16000-9, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from samples of
building products and furnishing — Emission test chamber method
ISO 16000-11, Indoor air — Part 11: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from samples
of building products and furnishing — Sampling, storage of samples and preparation of test specimens
ISO 22631:2019, Adhesives — Test methods for adhesives for floor and wall coverings — Peel test
EN 16516+ A1:2020, Construction products — Assessment of release of dangerous substances — Determination
of emissions into indoor air
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16516+ A1:2020 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
4 Abbreviated terms
For the purpose of this document, the following abbreviated terms apply.
GC Gas chromatography
HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
MS Mass spectrometry
SVOC Semi-volatile organic compound
TIC Total ion current chromatogram
TSVOC Total semi-volatile organic compound
TVOC Total volatile organic compound
VOC Volatile organic compound
5 Emission scenar
...
ISO/DISPRF 5684:2024(en)
2024-10-28
ISO /TC 61/SC 11/WG 5
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2025-07-03
Adhesives — Floor covering adhesives and products for flooring
installation — Assessment and classification of low volatile organic
compound (VOC) products
PROOF
ISO /PRF 5684:2023(E2025(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Office copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland.
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/DISPRF 5684:20242025(en)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 2
5 Emission scenario and reference room . 2
6 Test chamber conditions . 2
7 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 3
8 Handling of product samples in the laboratory . 3
9 Determination of vapour-phase organic compounds in test chamber air . 5
10 Expression of results . 6
11 Reporting of test results . 6
Bibliography . 8
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Emission scenario and reference room . 2
5.1 Emission scenario . 2
5.2 Reference room and loading factor . 2
6 Test chamber conditions . 3
7 Product sampling and transport to the laboratory . 3
8 Handling of product samples in the laboratory . 3
8.1 General . 3
8.2 Preparation of test specimen . 3
8.3 Preparation of water based primers . 3
8.4 Preparation of non-water based primers . 4
8.5 Preparation of flooring adhesives . 4
8.6 Preparation of levelling compounds . 4
8.7 Preparation of (dry) film adhesives (tapes) and underlays for flooring . 5
9 Determination of vapour-phase organic compounds in test chamber air . 5
9.1 General . 5
9.2 Determination of VOCs and SVOCs in test chamber air . 5
9.3 Determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in test chamber air. 6
9.4 Determination of carcinogenic substances of category 1 in test chamber air . 6
10 Expression of results . 6
iii
ISO /PRF 5684:2023(E2025(en)
11 Reporting of test results . 7
Bibliography . 8
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/DISPRF 5684:20242025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5684:2023), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— in Clause 6,6, information on alternative chamber conditions has been added;
— editorial changes.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO /PRF 5684:2023(E2025(en)
Introduction
Safety in use is an important criterion when selecting adhesives and installation materials. This applies both
to the user of the installation materials and to the residential user of the floor or flooring over its entire service
life. Volatile solvents with boiling points of less than 200 °C, which occur in relatively high concentrations at
the workplace during application, should not be used with respect to occupational safety. Even those products
that are referred to as "solvent-free" by the manufacturers and labelled accordingly can, if they contain higher-
boiling solvents and/or plasticisers, release volatile ingredients into the indoor air over long periods of time
(e.g. weeks, months and years), which is not compatible with today's requirements for indoor air quality. In
addition, products used in residential areas should not release long-term emissions of volatile organic
compounds (VOC) and very volatile organic compounds (VOC, VVOC) that can be detected in the indoor air
over weeks, months and sometimes years in relatively low but nevertheless health-relevant concentrations.
This document specifies an easy reference method for testing the emission (release) of substances from floor
covering adhesives and products for flooring installation into indoor air, expressed as emission classes based
on toluene equivalents. This method uses a test chamber to determine the emissions under conditions, which
are kept constant during the test. These conditions are selected so, that the test results can be expressed in
terms of concentrations of substances in the air of the reference room. The reference room dimensions,
associated product loading factors, as well as climate and ventilation conditions are selected according to
existing standards for determining product emissions to represent the general indoor environment.
This test setup determines a material characteristic of the floor covering adhesives and products for flooring
installation and is limited to this.
NOTE 1: This document describes the overall procedure and makes use of existing standards mainly by normative
reference, complemented when necessary, with additional or modified normative requirements.
NOTE 2: No conclusions about occupational health and safety can be drawn from the testing and/or the classification
of products according to this document.
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 5684:2024(en)
Adhesives — Floor covering adhesives and products for flooring
installation — Assessment and classification of low volatile organic
compound (VOC) products
1 Scope
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions into indoor air from floor covering adhesives and products used for flooring installation. This
method is used to determine volatile organic compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, and volatile
aldehydes. It is based on the use of a test chamber and subsequent analysis of an air sample for organic
compounds by GC-MS respectively HPLC.
The main purpose of the test procedure is to obtain relevant performance data for the classification of flooring
adhesives and products used for the installation of floor coverings with respect to low VOC emissions during
the use phase of the flooring.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3251, Paints, varnishes and plastics — Determination of non-volatile-matter content
ISO 16000--3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor and
test chamber air — Active sampling method
ISO 16000--6, Indoor air — Part 6: Determination of organic compounds (VVOC, VOC, SVOC) in indoor and test
chamber air by active sampling on sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography using MS or MS
FID
ISO 16000--9, Indoor air — Part 9: Determination of the emission of volatile organic compounds from samples
of building products and
...
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