Information technology -- Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL)

This document specifies a Character Repertoire Description Language (CREPDL). A CREPDL schema describes a character repertoire. A stream of UCS code points can be validated against a CREPDL schema.

Technologies de l'information -- Langages de définition de schéma de documents (DSDL)

General Information

Status

Published

Publication Date

04-Aug-2020

ICS

35.240.30 - IT applications in information, documentation and publishing

Technical Committee

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 - Document description and processing languages

Drafting Committee

ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 - Document description and processing languages

Current Stage

5060 - Close of voting Proof returned by Secretariat

Start Date

08-Jul-2020

Completion Date

07-Jul-2020

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Revised

ISO/IEC 19757-7:2009 - Information technology -- Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL)

Effective Date

28-Jan-2017

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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19757-7
Second edition
2020-08
Information technology — Document
Schema Definition Languages
(DSDL) —
Part 7:
Character Repertoire Description
Language (CREPDL)
Technologies de l'information — Langages de définition de schéma de
documents (DSDL) —
Partie 7: Langage de description de répertoire de caractères
(CREPDL)
Reference number
ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
ISO/IEC 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2020

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Notation ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

5 Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.1 Basic constructs and compound constructs .................................................................................................................. 3

5.2 Characters and code points .......................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.3 Grapheme clusters ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.4 Kernel and Hull ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6 Syntax ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6.2 RELAX NG schema ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

6.3 NVDL script ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

6.4 Regular Expressions ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5

7 Semantics ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

7.2 char ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

7.3 union ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

7.4 intersection ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

7.5 difference ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

7.6 ref ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8

7.7 repertoire ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

8 Validation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

Annex A (informative) Differences of conformant processors ...............................................................................................10

Annex B (informative) Example CREPDL schemas ..............................................................................................................................11

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................15

© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical

Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that

are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through

technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of

technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other

international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also

take part in the work.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for

the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject

of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent

rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the

Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents) or the IEC

list of patent declarations received (see http:// patents .iec .ch).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,

Subcommittee SC 34, Document description and processing languages.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 19757-7:2009), which has been

technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigendum ISO/IEC 19757-7:2009/Cor 1:2015.

The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:

— addition of validation of grapheme clusters such as 'n' followed by COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT

(U+0300) and a CJK unified ideograph followed by a variation selector.
— addition of the Unicode Ideographic Variation Database as a registry.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 19757 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
Introduction

ISO/IEC 19757 (all parts) defines a set of Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) that can

be used to specify one or more validation processes performed against Extensible Markup Language

(XML) documents. A number of validation technologies are standardized in DSDL to complement those

already available as standards or from industry.

The main objective of ISO/IEC 19757 (all parts) is to bring together different validation-related

technologies to form a single extensible framework that allows technologies to work in series or in

parallel to produce a single or a set of validation results. The extensibility of DSDL accommodates

validation technologies not yet designed or specified.

This document provides a language for describing character repertoires. Descriptions in this language

can be referenced from schemas. Furthermore, they can also be referenced from forms and stylesheets.

Descriptions of character repertoires doesn't need to be exact. Non-exact descriptions are made

possible by kernels and hulls, which provide the lower and upper limits, respectively.

The structure of this document is as follows. Clause 5 provides an informal overview of CREPDL.

Clause 6 specifies the syntax of CREPDL schemas. Clause 7 specifies the semantics of a correct CREPDL

schema; the semantics specify when a code point or code point sequence is in a character repertoire

described by a CREPDL schema. Clause 8 defines the behaviour of CREPDL processors. Finally, Annex A

describes differences of conformant CREPDL processors; Annex B provides examples of CREPDL

schemas.

Although the first edition was restricted to the validation of characters, this edition can also enable the

validation of grapheme clusters such as 'n' followed by COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (U+0300) and a CJK

unified ideograph followed by a variation selector.

CREPDL schemas conformant to the first edition do not conform to this edition. In particular, this

edition changes the namespace name for CREPDL schemas.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
Information technology — Document Schema Definition
Languages (DSDL) —
Part 7:
Character Repertoire Description Language (CREPDL)
1 Scope

This document specifies a Character Repertoire Description Language (CREPDL). A CREPDL schema

describes a character repertoire. A stream of UCS code points can be validated against a CREPDL schema.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS)

ISO/IEC 19757-2, Information technology — Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) — Part 2:

Regular-grammar-based validation — RELAX NG

ISO/IEC 19757-4, Information technology — Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) — Part 4:

Namespace-based Validation Dispatching Language (NVDL)

W3C XML, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth Edition), W3C Recommendation, 16 August

2006, available at http:// www .w3 .org/ TR/ 2006/ REC -xml -20060816

W3C XML-Names, Namespaces in XML (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, 16 August 2006,

available at http:// www .w3 .org/ TR/ 2006/ REC -xml -names -20060816

IETF RFC 3987, Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs), Internet Standards Track Specification,

January 2005, available at http:// www .ietf .org/ rfc/ rfc3987 .txt

Charsets I.A.N.A. IANA CHARACTER SETS, available at http:// www .iana .org/ assignments/ character -sets

Unicode, The Unicode Standard, The Unicode Consortium, available at http:// www .unicode .org/

CLDR, Unicode Common Locale Data Repository, The Unicode Consortium, available at http:// www

.unicode .org/ cldr/

UAX29, Unicode Standard Annex #29: Unicode Text Segmentation, The Unicode Consortium, available at

http:// unicode .org/ reports/ tr29/

UTS35, Unicode Technical Standard #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML), The Unicode

Consortium, available at https:// www .unicode .org/ reports/ tr35/

UTS37, Unicode Technical Standard #37: Unicode Ideographic Variation Database, The Unicode

Consortium, available at http:// www .unicode .org/ reports/ tr37/
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
CREPDL processor

computer program that validates a stream of code points not containing high- or low-surrogate code

points against CREPDL schemas (3.2)
3.2
CREPDL schema
machine-readable description of a repertoire (3.8)
3.3
grapheme cluster
base character followed by zero or more continuing characters

Note 1 to entry: A grapheme cluster typically represents what the user thinks of as basic unit of a writing system

for a language.
[SOURCE: UAX 29]
3.4
hull

set of code points or code point sequences (excluding high- or low-surrogate code points) that are not

guaranteed to be excluded from the repertoire (3.8)
3.5
kernel

set of code points or code point sequences (excluding high- or low-surrogate code points) that are

guaranteed to be included by the repertoire (3.8)
3.6
mode
option to specify whether characters or grapheme clusters (3.3) are examined

Note 1 to entry: The first edition did not have modes. Thus, characters can be examined, but grapheme

clusters cannot.
3.7
registry
collection of named repertoires (3.8)
3.8
repertoire

description of a set of code points or code point sequences excluding high- or low-surrogate code points

4 Notation

in(x, A): code point or code point sequence x is in the repertoire described by a CREPDL element A;

not-in(x, A): code point or code point sequence x is not in the repertoire described by a CREPDL element A;

unknown(x, A): it is unknown whether code point or code point sequence x is in the repertoire described

by a CREPDL element A.

NOTE 1 This predicate-like notation captures the combination of three-valued logic and the interpretation

of a formula for a given character or grapheme cluster. In other words, in(x, A) implies that the interpretation of

A under x is truth in three-valued logic. Likewise, not-in(x, A) and unknown(x, A) imply the interpretations of A

under x are false and unknown, respectively.
2 © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)

NOTE 2 This document is intended to ensure that exactly one of in(x, A), not-in(x, A), and unknown(x, A) holds.

5 Overview
5.1 Basic constructs and compound constructs

Basic constructs of CREPDL schemas are created from regular expressions or references to registries

of repertoires. Compound constructs of CREPDL schemas are created by combining basic constructs by

set operators such as union, intersection, and difference.
5.2 Characters and code points

Although the title of this document is "Character Repertoire Description Language", this document uses

code points more often than characters. This is because CREPDL allows the use of unassigned code

points, which are not characters. For example, U+1CBB is an unassigned code point, and is thus not a

character. It is possible to create a CREPDL schema that allows this code point. A stream containing it is

valid against such a CREPDL schema.
5.3 Grapheme clusters

CREPDL can enable the validation of grapheme clusters, which are sequences of code points. For

example, a CREPDL schema can allow LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N (U+004E) or LATIN SMALL LETTER

n (U+006E) followed by COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (U+0300) while disallowing other characters

followed by COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (U+0300). Likewise, a CREPDL schema can indicate which

variation selector can follow which CJK unified ideograph.

NOTE The first edition cannot enable the validation of sequences of code points. It was thus not possible

to allow LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N (U+004E) or LATIN SMALL LETTER n (U+006E) followed by COMBINING

GRAVE ACCENT (U+0300) without allowing other characters followed by COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT (U+0300).

5.4 Kernel and Hull

It is sometimes difficult to precisely specify a repertoire. As an example, consider collections in

ISO/IEC 10646, which are numbered and named repertoires. Some collections are open: they contain

assigned code points as well as unassigned code points, which can be assigned in the future.

Recall that some basic constructs of CREPDL schemas are created from regular expressions. Such basic

constructs have pairs of regular expressions. One regular expression specifies what is guaranteed to

be included, while the other specifies what is not guaranteed to be excluded. The former and latter

are called kernel and hull, respectively. If a code point matches the kernel regular expression, the code

point is definitely included in the repertoire. Even if it isn't, it it not guranteed be excluded from the

repertoire if it matches the hull regular expression.
[3]

NOTE Kernel and hull are reproduced from W3C Note-charcol . Some examples in Annex B are also

[3]
reproduced from W3C Note-charcol .
6 Syntax
6.1 General

A CREPDL schema shall be an XML document (which shall be as specified in W3C XML and shall further

conform to W3C XML-Names) valid against the NVDL (ISO/IEC 19757-4) script in 6.3, which in turn

relies on the RELAX NG (ISO/IEC 19757-2) schema in 6.2. The elements allowed in the RELAX NG schema

are of the namespace http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/crepdl/ns/structure/2.0. Further constraints on

the character content of the char, kernel or hull elements are shown in 6.4.

NOTE 1 W3C XML specifies that characters in XML documents are either U+0009 (CHARACTER TABULATION),

U+000A (LINE FEED), U+000D (CARRIAGE RETURN), or a character in the ranges from U+0020 to U+D7FF,

U+E000 to U+FFFD, or U+10000 to U+10FFFF. Since CREPDL schemas are represented by XML documents, other

characters cannot directly occur in CREPDL schemas.
NOTE 2 The first edition used a different namespace name.
6.2 RELAX NG schema
# The following permission notice and disclaimer shall be included in
# all copies of this schema ("the Schema"), and derivations of
# the Schema:
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge in perpetuity, to any
# person obtaining a copy of the Schema, to use, copy, modify, merge and
# distribute free of charge, copies of the Schema for the purposes of
# developing, implementing, installing and using software based on the
# Schema, and to permit persons to whom the Schema is furnished to do
# so, subject to the following conditions:
# THE SCHEMA IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
# THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
# OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
# ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SCHEMA OR THE USE OR
# OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SCHEMA.
# In addition, any modified copy of the Schema shall include the following
# notice:
# THIS SCHEMA HAS BEEN MODIFIED FROM THE SCHEMA DEFINED IN ISO/IEC 19757-7,
# AND SHOULD NOT BE INTERPRETED AS COMPLYING WITH THAT STANDARD.
default namespace = "http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/crepdl/ns/structure/2.0"
start = coll
coll =
union | intersection | difference | ref | repertoire | char
union = element union { commonAtts, coll+ }
intersection = element intersection { commonAtts, coll+ }
difference = element difference { commonAtts, coll+ }
ref =
element ref {
commonAtts,
attribute href { xsd:anyURI }
repertoire =
element repertoire {
commonAtts,
attribute registry { text },
attribute version { text }?,
(attribute name { text } | attribute number {xsd:int})
char =
element char {
commonAtts,
(text
| element kernel { commonAtts, text }
| element hull { commonAtts, text }
| (element kernel { commonAtts, text },
element hull { commonAtts, text }))
}
commonAtts =
attribute minUcsVersion { text }?,
attribute maxUcsVersion { text }?,
4 © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
attribute mode { "character" | "graphemeCluster" }?
# Note that xml:id is allowed, since any foreign attribute is
# allowed by the NVDL script.
6.3 NVDL script

schemaType="application/relax-ng-compact-syntax">

This NVDL script allows foreign elements and attributes everywhere.
6.4 Regular Expressions

The character content of a char, kernel or hull element shall be a Unicode set as specified in UTS35,

5.3.3 (Unicode Sets) of Part 1 (Core).
[8]

NOTE A Unicode set is guaranteed to be a regular expression as specified in UTS18 .

7 Semantics
7.1 General

This clause shall specify which character repertoire is represented by a CREPDL element. Specifically,

given a code point (which shall be as specified in ISO/IEC 10646) or code point sequence x, this clause

shall specify when x is in the repertoire, when x is not in the repertoire, and when it is unknown whether

x is in the repertoire.
© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)
7.2 char

First, the semantics of Unicode sets occurring inkernel and hull elements shall be as specified in UTS35.

The semantics of char shall be defined below.
— Case 1: the char element has neither kernel nor hull as a child element.

It is assumed that this element has a kernel element, the content of which is identical to the

character content of this char element, and also has a hull element, the content of which is identical

to the character content of this char element. The rest shall be the same as in Case 4.

— Case 2: the char element has a kernel element but does not have a hull element.

— in(x, ... ) when x matches the regular expression specified as the content of the

kernel element.
— not-in(x, ... ) never holds.

— unknown(x, ... ) when x does not match the regular expression specified as

the content of the kernel element.

— Case 3: the char element has a hull element but does not have a kernel element.

— in(x, ... ) never holds.

— not-in(x, ... ) when x does not match the regular expression specified as the

content of the hull element.

— unknown(x, ... ) when x matches the regular expression specified as the

content of the hull element.
— Case 4: the char element has a hull element and a kernel element.

— in(x, ... ) when x matches the regular expression specified as the content of the

kernel element.

— not-in(x, ... ) when x does not match the regular expression specified as the

content of the kernel element and x does not match the regular expression specified as the

content of the hull element.

— unknown(x, ... ) when x does not match the regular expression specified as

the content of the kernel element and x matches the regular expression specified as the content

of the hull element.

NOTE 1 It is possible but not a good practice to specify a hull that disallows some code point or code

point sequence in the corresponding kernel. Note that the condition that a code point or code point

sequence is in a repertoire does not mention the hull.

Since the semantics of regular expressions depend on the version of the Unicode standard, the

author of a CREPDL schema may specify the intended versions by specifying the minUcsVersion and

maxUcsVersion attributes.

EXAMPLE \p{Nd} represents the set of

characters of the category "Nd" in Unicode Version 4.0.

NOTE 2 It is not guaranteed that every version between these two attribute values specify the same properties

for every character. However, the CREPDL schema author is assumed to accept the discrepancies.

If the CREPDL processor cannot use some version between these two attribute values, it should report

an error and may stop normal processing.

When a char element does not explicitly specify the minUcsVersion attribute, the nearest ancestor

element having this attribute is searched. If it is found, its attribute value is used. If not found, there is

6 © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 19757-7:2020(E)

no lower bound on Unicode versions. When a char element does not explicitly specify the maxUcsVersion

attribute, the nearest ancestor element having this attribute is searched. If it is found, its attribute value

is used. If it is not found, there is no upper bound on Unicode versions.
7.3 union

First, define the semantics of union elements A B, which contain two child elements A

and B. A code point or code point sequence shall be in the union repertoire described by this element if

and only if it is in the one described by A or the one described by B. It shall not be in the union repertoire

if and only if it is in neither the one described by A nor the one described by B.

...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
DRAFT
STANDARD FDIS
19757-7
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34
Information technology — Document
Secretariat: JISC
Schema Definition Languages
Voting begins on:
2020-05-12 (DSDL) —
Voting terminates on:
Part 7:
2020-07-07
Character Repertoire Description
Language (CREPDL)
Technologies de l'information — Langages de définition de schéma de
documents (DSDL) —
Partie 7: Langage de description de répertoire de caractères
(CREPDL)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/IEC FDIS 19757-7:2020(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO/IEC 2020
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/IEC FDIS 19757-7:2020(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2020

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/IEC FDIS 19757-7:2020(E)
Contents Page

5.1 Basic constructs and compound constructs .................................................................................................................. 3

5.2 Characters and code points .......................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.3 Grapheme clusters ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3

6.2 RELAX NG schema ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

6.4 Regular Expressions ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5

Annex A (informative) Differences of conformant processors ...............................................................................................10

Annex B (informative) Example CREPDL schemas ..............................................................................................................................11

© ISO/IEC 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/IEC FDIS 19757-7:2020(E)
Foreword