ISO/TR 5914

Railway applications — Rolling stock — Interior passive safety

Applications ferroviaires — Matériel roulant — Sécurité passive des aménagements intérieurs

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 45.060.01 - Railway rolling stock in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 269/SC 2 - Rolling stock
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 269/SC 2 - Rolling stock
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 27-Sep-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/DTR 5914
ISO/TC 269/SC 2
Railway applications — Rolling
Secretariat: AFNOR
stock — Interior passive safety
Voting begins on:
Applications ferroviaires — Matériel roulant — Sécurité passive 2024-08-01
des aménagements intérieurs
Voting terminates on:
2024-09-26
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/DTR 5914:2024(en) © ISO 2024

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/DTR 5914:2024(en)
Technical
Report
ISO/DTR 5914
ISO/TC 269/SC 2
Railway applications — Rolling
Secretariat: AFNOR
stock — Interior passive safety
Voting begins on:
Applications ferroviaires — Matériel roulant — Sécurité passive
des aménagements intérieurs
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DTR 5914:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ii
ISO/DTR 5914:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Strategic objectives . 4
4.1 Road transport comparison . .4
4.2 Rail context .5
4.3 Structural passive safety .5
4.4 Minimization of injury .6
4.5 Interior passive safety principles .6
4.5.1 General design considerations .6
4.5.2 Component design .7
5 Benefits of interior passive safety in train collisions . 7
6 Examples of rail vehicle interior structural design criteria . 7
6.1 Global standards for vehicle structural integrity .7
6.2 Standards for interior equipment .8
6.3 Material selection for rail vehicle interiors.9
6.4 Structural energy absorption and collapse .10
6.4.1 UK practice from GMRT2100.10
6.5 Secondary impact assessment .10
6.5.1 Considerations for persons with reduced mobility .10
6.5.2 Secondary impact principles .11
6.5.3 Secondary impact review .11
6.5.4 Secondary impact design scenarios . 12
6.5.5 Containment and compartmentalization . 12
6.5.6 Minor impacts with interior features . 13
6.6 Geometric criteria . 13
6.6.1 Standards with geometric requirements . 13
6.6.2 Geometric principles . 13
6.7 Computer simulations, calculations and testing .14
6.8 Possible re-use of existing component test results . 15
6.9 Open bay seating .16
Annex A (informative) Interior passive safety experience from UK and US . 17
Annex B (informative) Accident statistics .33
Annex C (informative) Costs and potential benefits of interior passive safety, based on UK
practices .46
Annex D (informative) Considerations for persons with reduced mobility .53
Annex E (informative) Example abbreviated injury scale .56
Bibliography .57

iii
ISO/DTR 5914:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 269, Railway applications, Subcommittee SC 2,
Rolling stock.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/DTR 5914:2024(en)
Introduction
It is generally accepted that avoiding collisions is a key operating principle of railway systems. This can be
achieved, for example, by dedicated lines, eliminating level crossings and providing sophisticated control
(signalling) systems.
The safety performance of railways has improved significantly in recent years, to the extent that train
crashes, derailments and overturning are now very rare events. However, this document includes evidence
which suggests that, despite advancements in train control and other active safety measures, these incidents
will continue to occur, albeit at a much-reduced rate of incidence. Collisions and derailments can still occur
due to incidents such as infrastructure failures, landslides or incursions from road traffic.
Railway administrations in different countries have conducted extensive accident investigations and
research into collision events. These and other countries have reached consensus that there is benefit in
managing collision energy and vehicle dynamics in collision conditions. This is achieved by designing rail
vehicle structures to have better collision performance in certain prescribed conditions; such vehicles are
said to have a “crashworthy structural design”.
Many countries have static structural standards; these are complemented (e.g. in Europe and North America)
with structural crashworthiness standards. The aims of crashworthy structural designs are generally to:
— reduce the risk of vehicles overriding;
— absorb collision energy in a controlled manner;
— maintain survival space and structural integrity of the occupied areas;
— limit the car body deceleration;
— reduce the risk of derailment;
— limit the consequences of hitting an obstruction on the track.
Some countries have investigated the effect of train crashes on passengers in rail vehicles, aiming to establish
a causal link between occupant fatalities or injuries and the design and layout of train interior fixtures,
such as seats, tables, luggage racks, stanchions and interior glazing. These investigations culminated in the
modelling and testing of deceleration events, as prescribed for the crashworthy structural design, to apply
measures to the design of rail vehicle interiors which provide a favo
...

ISO/DTR 5914:2024 (E)
ISO/TC 269/SC 2/WG 8
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2024-07-18
Railway Applications –applications — Rolling stock –— Interior
passive safety
Applications ferroviaires — Matériel roulant — Sécurité passive des aménagements intérieurs

DTR stage
ISO/DTR 5914:(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/DTR 5914:(en)
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Strategic objectives . 5
4.1 Road transport comparison . 5
4.2 Rail context . 6
4.3 Structural passive safety . 6
4.4 Minimization of injury . 7
4.5 Interior passive safety principles. 7
4.5.1 General design considerations . 7
4.5.2 Component design . 8
5 Benefits of interior passive safety in train collisions . 8
6 Examples of rail vehicle interior structural design criteria . 8
6.1 Global standards for vehicle structural integrity . 8
6.2 Standards for interior equipment . 9
6.3 Material selection for rail vehicle interiors . 11
6.4 Structural energy absorption and collapse . 11
6.4.1 UK practice from GMRT2100 . 11
6.5 Secondary impact assessment . 12
6.5.1 Considerations for persons with reduced mobility . 12
6.5.2 Secondary impact principles . 12
6.5.3 Secondary impact review . 12
6.5.4 Secondary impact design scenarios . 14
6.5.5 Containment and compartmentalization . 14
6.5.6 Minor impacts with interior features . 15
6.6 Geometric criteria . 15
6.6.1 Standards with geometric requirements . 15
6.6.2 Geometric principles . 15
6.7 Computer simulations, calculations and testing . 16
6.8 Possible re-use of existing component test results . 17
6.9 Open bay seating . 18
Annex A (informative) Interior passive safety experience from UK and US . 19
A.1 Case study from Great Britain . 19
A.2 Derivation of the deceleration pulse used in GMRT2100 . 19
A.3 Examples of interior layout considerations . 36
A.4 US perspective on structural and interior crashworthiness . 38
A.4.1 Structural crashworthiness requirements . 38
A.4.2 Interior crashworthiness requirements . 40
Annex B (informative) Accident statistics . 42
B.1 European accident statistics . 42
B.2 US passenger rail accident statistics . 45
B.3 Japanese accident statistics. 52
B.3.1 General . 52
B.3.2 Number of accidents . 52
B.3.3 Fatalities and injuries in railway accident . 54
B.3.4 Accident rates in Japan . 56
iii
ISO/DTR 5914:(en)
Annex C (informative) Costs and potential benefits of interior passive safety, based on UK
practices . 61
C.1 Calculating benefit to cost ratio . 61
C.2 Potential benefits of interior passive safety . 61
C.3 Costs of implementing geometric and material criteria . 62
C.3.1 General . 62
C.3.2 Design and material costs . 62
C.3.3 Tooling costs . 63
C.3.4 Marginal increase in cost of seats . 63
C.3.5 Increased costs associated with approvals . 64
C.3.6 Other costs associated with interior passive safety . 64
C.3.7 Costs of dynamic testing requirements on seats and tables . 64
C.3.8 Total cost estimate . 67
C.4 Role of simulation techniques to reduce dynamic testing costs . 67
Annex D (informative) Considerations for persons with reduced mobility . 69
D.1 Persons with reduced mobility . 69
D.2 Wheelchair containment . 70
D.3 Universal toilets . 71
D.4 Classes of mobility scooter . 71
Annex E (informative) Example abbreviated injury scale . 72
Bibliography . 74

iv
ISO/DTR 5914:(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules
of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this
document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document.
However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be
obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the
document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 269, Railway Applicationsapplications,
Subcommittee SC 02 2, Rolling Stockstock.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
ISO/DTR 5914:(en)
Introduction
It is generally accepted that avoiding collisions is a key operating principle of railway systems. This can be
achieved, for example, by dedicated lines, eliminating level crossings, and providing sophisticated control
(signalling) systems.
The safety performance of railways has improved significantly in recent years, to the extent that train crashes,
derailments and overturning are now very rare events. However, this technical reportdocument includes
evidence which suggests that, despite advancements in train control and other active safety measures, these
incidents will continue to occur, albeit at a much-reduced rate of incidence. Collisions and derailments can still
...