ISO 20468-6:2021
(Main)Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment technologies for water reuse systems — Part 6: Ion exchange and electrodialysis
Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment technologies for water reuse systems — Part 6: Ion exchange and electrodialysis
This document provides guidelines on methods for evaluating the performance of ion exchange and electrodialysis for water reuse including ion exchange resin and ion exchange membrane.
Lignes directrices pour l’évaluation des performances des techniques de traitement des systèmes de réutilisation de l’eau — Partie 6: Échange d'ions et électrodialyse
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20468-6
First edition
2021-06
Guidelines for performance evaluation
of treatment technologies for water
reuse systems —
Part 6:
Ion exchange and electrodialysis
Lignes directrices pour l’évaluation des performances des techniques
de traitement des systèmes de réutilisation de l’eau —
Partie 6: Échange d'ions et électrodialyse
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 List of Abbreviated terms . 4
4 Outline of ion exchange and electrodialysis . 5
4.1 General . 5
[11]-[19] 6
4.2 Principle of Ion exchange .
4.2.1 System configuration . 7
4.2.2 Process . 9
[11]-[19] 10
4.3 Principle of Electrodialysis .
4.3.1 System configuration .13
4.3.2 Process .15
4.4 Application examples .16
4.4.1 Ion exchange .16
4.4.2 Electrodialysis .16
4.5 Performance evaluation for ion exchange and electrodialysis .17
[14]-[19]
5 Performance evaluation guideline for ion exchange resin .17
5.1 Performance evaluation .17
5.1.1 Functional requirements .17
5.1.2 Non-functional requirements .17
5.1.3 Timing for evaluating key factors .18
5.2 Evaluation method .19
5.2.1 Ion exchange resin .19
5.2.2 Treated water quality .20
5.2.3 Ion exchange resin tower .20
5.2.4 Operation and maintenance .20
[11]-[18]
6 Performance evaluation guideline for electrodialysis .20
6.1 Performance evaluation .20
6.1.1 Functional requirements .20
6.1.2 Non-functional requirements .21
6.1.3 Timing for evaluating key factors .22
[5],[7],[8],[9] 23
6.2 Evaluation method .
6.2.1 Ion exchange membrane .23
6.2.2 Stack performance .23
6.2.3 Operation and maintenance .24
[20]
Annex A (informative) Main process and typical applications of IER and IEM .26
Annex B (informative) Main treatment technologies and target constituents for reusing water .27
Annex C (informative) Structural model of IER .28
Annex D (informative) Selectivity and selectivity coefficient of IERs .29
Annex E (informative) Comparison of various IERs .31
Annex F (informative) General operation of an IER process .33
[20]
Annex G (informative) Flow diagram of IE and ED process .35
Annex H (informative) Feed water conditions .37
Annex I (informative) Measurement method of electrical resistance of IEM.38
Annex J (informative) Measurement method of transport number of IEM .40
Annex K (informative) Permselective coefficient of IEM .42
Annex L (informative) Mechanical strength of IEM .43
Annex M (informative) Leak current calculation for a stack .44
Bibliography .46
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 282, Water reuse, Subcommittee SC 3,
Risk and performance evaluation of water reuse system.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20468 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
Introduction
“Ion exchange” for purification with ion exchange resin and “Electrodialysis” for desalination and
[4]
concentration with ion exchange membrane are classified as “Advanced treatment” in ISO 20468-1 .
Raw water compositions and treated water targets are extremely diverse. Such diversity impedes
making world-wide guidelines for ion exchange and electrodialysis.
Ion exchange resin (IER) provides a medium for ion exchange. Target ions in solution are trapped within
the medium causing other ions contained within the medium to be released into solution. The most
common applications are water softening and water purification.
Electrodialysis (ED) is an ion-separation process that utilizes an electrical potential difference across
ion exchange membrane as the driving force for moving ion in a solution. The membrane is selective
in that it only permits the passage of either anions or cations but not both and can be used to reject
opposite charged ions.
The ISO 20468 series is intended to provide international standards for an objective evaluation
of the performance of ion exchange and electrodialysis. It introduces the concepts of “Functional
requirements” and “Non-functional requirements,” which are suggested and defined in ISO 20468-1,
also used for other water reuse technologies that may be used in combination or alternatively, such as
membrane, UV, and ozone disinfection and distillation.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20468-6:2021(E)
Guidelines for performance evaluation of treatment
technologies for water reuse systems —
Part 6:
Ion exchange and electrodialysis
1 Scope
This document provides guidelines on methods for evaluating the performance of ion exchange and
electrodialysis for water reuse including ion exchange resin and ion exchange membrane.
2 Normative references
The following d
...
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