13.020.40 - Pollution, pollution control and conservation
ICS 13.020.40 Details
Pollution, pollution control and conservation
Umweltverschmutzung
Pollution, maîtrise de la pollution et protection de l'environnement
Onesnaževanje, nadzor nad onesnaževanjem in ohranjanje
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This document describes a methodology for calculating the rate of carbon emissions for a software system; that is, its SCI score. The purpose of this score is to increase awareness and transparency of an application's sustainability credentials. The score will help software practitioners make better, evidence-based decisions during system design, development, and deployment, that will ultimately minimize carbon emissions. A reliable, consistent, fair and comparable measure allows targets to be defined during development and progress to be tracked.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a system for waste management and reduction of solid waste in aquaculture. It includes management plans, methods, principles and guidelines. This document is relevant for aquaculture in marine and fresh water bodies. This document does not apply to land-based aquaculture and does not comprise biological waste.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a methodology for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the semiconductor and display industry. This document includes the manufacture of semiconductor devices, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), photovoltaic (PV) devices and displays. This document allows to report GHG emissions for various purposes and on different bases, such as a per-plant basis, per-company basis (by country or by region) or an international group basis. This document addresses all of the following direct and indirect sources of GHG: — direct GHG emissions [as defined in ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 a)] from sources that are owned or controlled by the company, such as emissions resulting from the following sources: — process: fluorinated compound (FC) gases and nitrous oxide (N2O) used in etching and wafer cleaning (EWC), remote plasma cleaning (RPC), in situ plasma cleansing (IPC), in situ thermal cleaning (ITC), N2O thin film deposition (TFD), and other N2O using process; — fuel combustion related to equipment and on-site vehicles, room heating/cooling; — fuel combustion of fuels for on-site power generation; — indirect GHG emissions [as defined in ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 b)] from the generation of imported electricity, heat or steam consumed by the organization. Other indirect GHG emissions [as defined in ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 c) to f)], which are the consequence of an organization’s activities, but arise from GHG sources that are owned or controlled by other organizations, are excluded from this document.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the extraction of vehicle trip data via nomadic devices to measure CO2 emissions in relation to driving behaviours. The extracted data can then be analysed and provided to drivers to serve as eco-friendly driving guidance. In this document the following items are defined: — use cases for different events (speeding, long speeding, sudden start and stop, sudden acceleration and deceleration, idling, fuel-cut, economical driving); — functional requirements for collecting data for driving behaviour pattern analysis; — data sets for each use case for measuring vehicle emissions (CO2) and for being provided to drivers via nomadic devices. Vehicle types such as passenger cars, vans, utility vehicles, etc. are concerned in this document
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document: — provides the general part of the method to calculate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions throughout the liquefied natural gas (LNG) chain, a means to determine their carbon footprint; — defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions; — recommends instrumentation and estimation methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured; and some are estimated. This document covers all facilities in the LNG chain. The facilities are considered “under operation”, including emissions associated with initial start-up, maintenance, turnaround and restarts after maintenance or upset. The construction, commissioning, extension and decommissioning phases are excluded from this document but can be assessed separately. This document covers all GHG emissions. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization. Scope 1, 2 and 3 are defined in this document. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. This document describes the allocation of GHG emissions to LNG and other hydrocarbon products where other products are produced (e.g. LPG, domestic gas, condensates, sulfur). This document does not cover specific requirements on natural gas production and transport to LNG plant, liquefaction, shipping and regasification. This document is applicable to the LNG industry.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 14044 requires the goal and scope of an LCA to be clearly defined and be consistent with the intended application. Due to the iterative nature of LCA, it is possible that the LCA scope needs to be refined during the study. This document specifies methodologies that can be applied to determine the carbon footprint of a product (CFP) or partial CFP of a hydrogen product in line with ISO 14067. The goals and scopes of the methodologies correspond to either approach a) or b), given below, that ISO 14040:2006, A.2 gives as two possible approaches to LCA. a) An approach that assigns elementary flows and potential environmental impacts to a specific product system, typically as an account of the history of the product. b) An approach that studies the environmental consequences of possible (future) changes between alternative product systems. Approaches a) and b) have become known as attributional and consequential, respectively, with complementary information accessible in the ILCD handbook.[1] There are numerous pathways to produce hydrogen from various primary energy sources. This document describes the requirements and evaluation methods applied to several hydrogen production pathways of interest: electrolysis, steam methane reforming (with carbon capture and storage), co-production and coal gasification (with carbon capture and storage), auto-thermal reforming (with carbon capture and storage), hydrogen as a co-product in industrial applications and hydrogen from biomass waste as feedstock. This document also considers the GHG emissions due to the conditioning or conversion of hydrogen into different physical forms and chemical carriers: — hydrogen liquefaction; — production, transport and cracking of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier; — hydrogenation, transport and dehydrogenation of liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). This document considers the GHG emissions due to hydrogen and/or hydrogen carriers’ transport up to the consumption gate. It is possible that future revisions of this document will consider additional hydrogen production, conditioning, conversion and transport methods. This document applies to and includes every delivery along the supply chain up to the final delivery to the consumption gate (see Figure 2 in the Introduction). This document also provides additional information related to evaluation principles, system boundaries and expected reported metrics in the form of Annexes A to K, that are accessible via the online ISO portal (https://standards.iso.org/iso/ts/19870/ed-1/en).
- Technical specification52 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies principles, requirements and guidance for achieving and demonstrating carbon neutrality through the quantification, reduction and offsetting of the carbon footprint. This document defines terms used in relation to carbon neutrality and provides guidance on the actions necessary to achieve and demonstrate carbon neutrality. In accordance with common practice, it uses the word “carbon” to refer to all greenhouse gases (GHGs) in compound expressions such as “carbon neutrality”. It is applicable to a wide range of subjects such as organizations (including companies, local authorities and financial institutions) and products (goods or services, including buildings and events). It is not intended to be used for territories (such as regions, countries, states or cities), including signatories to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) when reporting national outcomes for the purposes of that Convention. This document establishes a hierarchy for carbon neutrality where GHG emission reductions (direct and indirect) and GHG removal enhancements within the value chain take priority over offsetting. It includes requirements for carbon neutrality commitments and making carbon neutrality claims. This document is GHG programme neutral. If a GHG programme is applicable, the requirements of that GHG programme are additional to the requirements of this document.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes a qualitative-quantitative analytical evaluation (i.e. determination) of microplastics to be able to define their: — particle number; — morphology (morphological characteristics); — dimensional distribution; — the type, chemical origin or nature of polymers and their colour, if present. This document is applicable to the determination of microplastics (from the textile sector) collected in various matrices (for example textile process wastewater, clothes washing water, textile process air emissions, textile process solid waste). This document specifies expression of results in terms of estimated surface area and mass of microplastics (MPs) per unit sample. It enables the expression of the results of the quantification of microplastics (MPs) from various sources, including samples related to the production, processing, treatment and use of textiles (raw material, manufacturing process, sample like wastewater from washing clothes, air, and industrial process water). This document applies to textile sector samples of matrices of different physical states (solid, liquid or aeriform), for example: — solid samples from textile production processes; — water samples from the textile production process and/or from the washing of clothing (e.g. garments or other textiles, ISO 4484-1 or ISO 4484-3 can be applied in order to prepare a liquid to be tested); — air samples to test the air quality in the workplace of textile companies. This document, being able to provide information such as size, shape, surface and mass (estimated), enables the transfer of useful information for ecotoxicological assessments to specialists.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
technical experts) and independent reviewers. This document is applicable to all organizations that plan and conduct external or internal validations, verifications and agreed-upon procedures (AUP). This document is not linked to any particular environmental information programme. If a particular environmental information programme is applicable, competence requirements of that environmental information programme are additional to the requirements of this document. NOTE Management process requirements for the competence of personnel are specified in ISO 14065:2020, 7.3.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes and explains the physical and chemical phenomena, and the technical issues associated with flow assurance in the various components of a carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) system and provides information on how to achieve and manage flow assurance. The gaps in technical knowledge, limitations of the tools available and preventative and corrective measures that can be taken are also described. This document addresses flow assurance of CO2 streams in a CCS project, from CO2 capture via transport by pipeline and injection well through to geological storage. It does not specifically address upstream issues associated with CO2 sources and capture, although flow assurance will inform CO2 capture design and operation, for example, on constraints on the presence of impurities in CO2 streams, as there are too many different capture technologies to be treated in detail in this document. Vessel transport and buffer storage that are considered in integrated CCS projects under development, are not covered in this document. Flow of material in the supply chain of a CO2 source, even if delivered by a pipeline (e.g. blue hydrogen generation), and flow of gas streams within facilities generating and feeding these into a capture facility can impact flow assurance in CCS projects and networks. These are out of the scope of this document as well. This document also examines the impact of impurities on the phase behaviour and physical properties of the CO2 stream which in turn can ultimately affect the continuous supply of the CO2 stream from the capture plant, through the transportation system and into the geological reservoir via injection wells. Flow of fluids in oil reservoirs for the purpose of enhanced oil recovery is not within the scope of this document.
- Technical report52 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes a framework for the characterization of physical and chemical properties of tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) using published analytical standards. It is applicable to laboratory-generated TRWP and TRWP collected in the environment. NOTE This framework focuses primarily on published International Standards, but also includes standards published by other entities such as ASTM and AFNOR. A brief summary and justification for each standard required to characterize the physical and chemical properties of interest are provided.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for measuring the collected material mass released from the outlet
hose of a standard washing machine, described in ISO 6330, through the washing process.
NOTE The washing condition of textile end products is indicated by the care labelling according to ISO 3758.
This document is applicable to textile end products (including consumer textile products, such as
clothing made of fleece, shirts, trousers, blouse, etc.) and home textile end products (such as, blankets,
rugs, curtains, etc.) which are composed of all fibres such as natural fibres, and man-made fibres,
including mixture of the fibres that can be washed in a domestic washing machine.
This document is not applicable to fabrics and cut textile products. It does not cover the test for washing
machines and detergents as well.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides life cycle assessment (LCA) requirements and guidance to assess impacts over the life cycle of biobased plastic products, materials and polymer resins, which are partly or wholly based on biobased constituents. The applications of LCA as such are outside the scope of this document. Clarifications, considerations, practices, simplifications and options for the different applications, are also beyond the scope of this document. In addition, this document can be applied in studies that do not cover the whole life cycle, with justification, for example in the case of business-to-business information, such as cradle-to-gate studies, gate-to-gate studies, and specific parts of the life cycle (e.g. waste management, components of a product). For these studies, most requirements of this document are applicable (e.g. data quality, collection and calculation as well as allocation and critical review), but not all the requirements for the system boundary.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a method to calculate the GHG emissions from an LNG liquefaction plant, onshore or offshore. The frame of this document ranges from the inlet flange of the LNG plant’s inlet facilities up to and including the offloading arms to truck, ship or railcar loading. The upstream supply of gas up to the inlet flange of the inlet facilities and the distribution of LNG downstream of the loading arms are only covered in general terms. This document covers: — all facilities associated with producing LNG, including reception facilities, condensate unit (where applicable), pre-treatment units (including but not limited to acid gas removal, dehydration, mercury removal, heavies removal), LPG extraction and fractionation (where applicable), liquefaction, LNG storage and loading, Boil-Off-Gas handling, flare and disposal systems, imported electricity or on-site power generation and other plant utilities and infrastructure (e.g. marine and transportation facilities). — natural gas liquefaction facilities associated with producing other products (e.g. domestic gas, condensate, LPG, sulphur, power export) to the extent required to allocate GHG emissions to the different products. — all GHG emissions associated with producing LNG. These emissions spread across scope 1, scope 2 and scope 3 of the responsible organization. Scope 1, 2 and 3 are defined in this document. All emissions sources are covered including flaring, combustion, cold vents, process vents, fugitive leaks and emissions associated with imported energy. The LNG plant is considered “under operation”, including emissions associated with initial start-up, maintenance, turnaround and restarts after maintenance or upset. The construction, commissioning, extension and decommissioning phases are excluded from this document but can be assessed separately. The emissions resulting from boil-off gas management during loading of the ship or any export vehicle are covered by this document. The emissions from a ship at berth, e.g. mast venting are not covered by this document. This document describes the allocation of GHG emissions to LNG and other hydrocarbon products where other products are produced (e.g. LPG, domestic gas, condensates, sulphur, etc.). This document defines preferred units of measurement and necessary conversions. This document also recommends instrumentation and estimations methods to monitor and report GHG emissions. Some emissions are measured and some are estimated. This document is applicable to the LNG industry. Applications include the provision of method to calculate GHG emissions through a standardized and auditable method, a means to determine their carbon footprint.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for measuring the collected material mass released from the outlet hose of a standard washing machine, described in ISO 6330, through the washing process.
NOTE The washing condition of textile end products is indicated by the care labelling according to ISO 3758.
This document is applicable to textile end products (including consumer textile products, such as clothing made of fleece, shirts, trousers, blouse, etc.) and home textile end products (such as, blankets, rugs, curtains, etc.) which are composed of all fibres such as natural fibres, and man-made fibres, including mixture of the fibres that can be washed in a domestic washing machine.
This document is not applicable to fabrics and cut textile products. It does not cover the test for washing machines and detergents as well.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods and evaluation criteria by addressing potential ecotoxicological adverse effects on marine organisms. Adverse effects on marine species can be caused by soluble degradation products of plastic materials such as intermediates or remaining residues resulting from the biodegradation of plastic materials that are used in products for marine applications (e.g. nets for fish farming, dolly ropes, floats, buoys and other non-fishing applications) and which are used in different marine zones, e.g. eulittoral, sublittoral or pelagic zones. The ecotoxicity testing scheme covers marine organisms from four trophic levels, primary producer, primary and secondary consumers and decomposer: — toxicity to marine algae, — toxicity to marine invertebrates, — toxicity to marine fish, — toxicity to marine microorganisms. This document is not suitable for the assessment of adverse effects caused by solid materials of any size.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This proposed standard will establish a common methodology for the quantification of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to any transport operations (of freight, passengers or both).
It will specify general principles, definitions, system boundaries, calculation methods, apportionment rules (allocation) and data recommendations, with the objective to promote standardised, consistent, credible and verifiable reporting, regarding energy consumption and GHG emissions related to any transport. It will also include examples on the application of the principles and default emission and consumption data recommended in the absence of available specific data.
Potential users of this proposed standard are any person or organisation who needs to refer to a standardized methodology when reporting the results of the quantification of energy consumption and GHG emissions related to a transport service, especially:
transport service operators (freight or passengers carriers);
transport service organisers (carriers subcontracting transport operations and freight forwarders);
transport service users (shippers and passengers).
GHG calculation scope shall include Scope1-3 emissions on a well-to-wheel basis. Therefore, the calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions shall cover upstream energy processes (like fuel extraction/production, transport and refining) as well as processes at point of use.
With reference to Scope 1-3 according to the GHG Protocol „Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard”, the new ISO standard shall also contain the definition of roles and reporting scopes of the above actors in the transport chain.
- Standard133 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for measuring the collected material mass released from the outlet hose of a standard washing machine, described in ISO 6330, through the washing process. NOTE The washing condition of textile end products is indicated by the care labelling according to ISO 3758. This document is applicable to textile end products (including consumer textile products, such as clothing made of fleece, shirts, trousers, blouse, etc.) and home textile end products (such as, blankets, rugs, curtains, etc.) which are composed of all fibres such as natural fibres, and man-made fibres, including mixture of the fibres that can be washed in a domestic washing machine. This document is not applicable to fabrics and cut textile products. It does not cover the test for washing machines and detergents as well.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard28 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method to identify and compare the compositional characteristics of oil
samples. Specifically, it describes the detailed analytical and data processing methods for identifying the
characteristics of spill samples and establishing their correlation to suspected source oils. Even when
samples or data from suspected sources are not available for comparison, establishing the specific nature
(e.g. refined petroleum, crude oil, waste oil, etc.) of the spilled oil still helps to constrain the possible
source(s).
This methodology is restricted to petroleum related products containing a significant proportion of
hydrocarbon-components with a boiling point above 150 °C. Examples are: crude oils, higher boiling
condensates, diesel oils, residual bunker or heavy fuel oils, lubricants, and mixtures of bilge and sludge
samples, as well as distillate fuels and blends. While the specific analytical methods are perhaps not
appropriate for lower boiling oils (e.g. kerosene, jet fuel, or gasoline), the general concepts described in
this methodology, i.e. statistical comparison of weathering-resistant diagnostic ratios, are applicable in
spills involving these kinds of oils.
Paraffin products (e.g. waxes, etc.) are outside the scope of this method because too many compounds
are removed during the production process [37] to correctly distinguish them from each other. However,
the method can be used to identify the type of product involved.
Although not directly intended for identifying oil recovered from groundwater, vegetation,
wildlife/tissues, soil, or sediment matrices, they are not precluded. However, caution is needed as
extractable compounds can be present in these matrices that alter and/or contribute additional
compounds compared to the source sample. If unrecognized, the contribution from the matrix can lead
to false “non-matches”. It is therefore advisable to analyse background sample(s) of the matrix that
appear unoiled.
When analysing “non-oil” matrices additional sample preparation (e.g. clean-up) is often required prior
to analysis and the extent to which the matrix affects the correlation achieved is to be considered.
Whether the method is applicable for a specific matrix depends upon the oil concentration compared to
the “matrix concentration”. In matrices containing high concentrations of oil, a positive match can still be
concluded. In matrices containing lower concentrations of oil, a false “non-match” or an “inconclusive
match” can result from matrix effects. Evaluation of possible matrix effects is beyond the scope of this
document.
- Standard219 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
EN 15522-1 provides guidance on taking and handling samples, that are collected as part of an investigation into the likely source of a crude oil or petroleum product spill into a marine or aquatic environment. Guidance is given on taking samples from both the spill and its potential source.
Mostly, oil sampling is part of legal procedures and has to be treated like any other preservation of evidence (legal sampling). If samples are to be used in connection with legal proceedings, this document should be read in conjunction with any documents issued by the regulatory authorities in the country or countries in question where the spill has occurred.
Taking samples may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document is not intended to address all the safety and health aspects associated with the guidance given. It is the responsibility of the user to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note: Most countries have special trained teams to take samples on board of ships. As police officer or law enforcer don’t take unnecessary risks and ask assistance from such a team when available.
For the sake of clarity, the word ‘oil’ is used throughout this document. It can equally refer to crude oil, a petroleum product or mixtures of such.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document establishes a common methodology for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from the operation of transport chains of passengers and freight.
- Standard133 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to identify and compare the compositional characteristics of oil samples. Specifically, it describes the detailed analytical and data processing methods for identifying the characteristics of spill samples and establishing their correlation to suspected source oils. Even when samples or data from suspected sources are not available for comparison, establishing the specific nature (e.g. refined petroleum, crude oil, waste oil, etc.) of the spilled oil still helps to constrain the possible source(s).
This methodology is restricted to petroleum related products containing a significant proportion of hydrocarbon-components with a boiling point above 150 °C. Examples are: crude oils, higher boiling condensates, diesel oils, residual bunker or heavy fuel oils, lubricants, and mixtures of bilge and sludge samples, as well as distillate fuels and blends. While the specific analytical methods are perhaps not appropriate for lower boiling oils (e.g. kerosene, jet fuel, or gasoline), the general concepts described in this methodology, i.e. statistical comparison of weathering-resistant diagnostic ratios, are applicable in spills involving these kinds of oils.
Paraffin based products (e.g. waxes, etc.) are outside the scope of this method because too many compounds are removed during the production process [37]. However, the method can be used to identify the type of product involved.
Although not directly intended for identifying oil recovered from groundwater, vegetation, wildlife/tissues, soil, or sediment matrices, they are not precluded. However, caution is needed as extractable compounds can be present in these matrices that alter and/or contribute additional compounds compared to the source sample. If unrecognized, the contribution from the matrix can lead to false “non-matches”. It is therefore advisable to analyse background sample(s) of the matrix that appear unoiled.
When analysing “non-oil” matrices additional sample preparation (e.g. clean-up) is often required prior to analysis and the extent to which the matrix affects the correlation achieved is to be considered. Whether the method is applicable for a specific matrix depends upon the oil concentration compared to the “matrix concentration”. In matrices containing high concentrations of oil, a positive match can still be concluded. In matrices containing lower concentrations of oil, a false “non-match” or an “inconclusive match” can result from matrix effects. Evaluation of possible matrix effects is beyond the scope of this document.
- Standard219 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance on taking and handling samples related to oil spill identification in legal proceedings. Guidance is given on obtaining samples from both the spill and its potential source.
Preservation of evidence is an essential part of legal procedures and this document presents appropriate oil sampling procedures.
WARNING - The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the standard, and to determine the applicability of any other restrictions for this purpose.
IMPORTANT - Most countries have teams with specialists trained in sampling on board of ships. Do not take unnecessary risks, seek assistance from such teams where available.
NOTE For the sake of clarity, the word ‘oil’ is used throughout this document. It can equally refer to crude oil, a petroleum product or mixtures of such.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document establishes a common methodology for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from the operation of transport chains of passengers and freight.
- Standard117 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard126 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
The method provides a means of systematically evaluating fibre loss during washing. Consideration has been given to best representation of realistic laundry conditions, to achieve comparable and accurate results. The method is designed to assess both synthetic and natural fiber loss.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides a harmonized methodology for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the lime industry. It includes the manufacture of lime and any downstream lime products manufactured at the plant, such as ground or hydrated lime. This document allows for reporting of GHG emissions for various purposes and on different basis, such as plant basis, company basis (by country or by region) or international organization basis. This document addresses all of the following direct and indirect sources of GHG included as defined in ISO 14064-1: — direct greenhouse gas emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 a)] from greenhouse gas sources that are owned or controlled by the company, such as emissions resulting from the following sources: — calcination of carbonates and combustion of organic carbon contained in the kiln stone; — combustion of kiln fuels (fossil kiln fuels, alternative fossil fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass fuels and bio fuels) related to lime production and/or drying of raw materials; — combustion of non-kiln fuels (fossil kiln fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass fuels and bio fuels) related to equipment and on-site vehicles, heating/cooling and other on-site uses; — combustion of fuels for on-site power generation; — indirect greenhouse gas emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 b)] from the generation of imported electricity, heat or steam consumed by the organization; — other indirect greenhouse gas emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 c) to f)], which are a consequence of an organization's activities, but arise from greenhouse gas sources that are owned or controlled by other organizations, except emissions from imported kiln stone, are excluded from this document. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 19694-1, which contains generic, overall requirements, definitions and rules applicable to the determination of GHG emissions for all energy-intensive sectors, provides common methodological issues and defines the details for applying the rules. The application of this document to the sector-specific standards ensures accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the results.
- Standard51 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a harmonized methodology for calculating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the cement industry, with a view to reporting these emissions for various purposes and by different basis, such as, plant basis, company basis (by country or by region) or even international group basis. It addresses all the following direct and indirect sources of GHG included: — Direct GHG emissions [ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, a)] from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization, such as emissions that result from the following processes: — calcinations of carbonates and combustion of organic carbon contained in raw materials; — combustion of kiln fuels (fossil kiln fuels, alternative fossil fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass and bioliquids) related to either clinker production or drying of raw materials and fuels, or both; — combustion of non-kiln fuels (fossil fuels, alternative fossil fuels, mixed fuels with biogenic carbon content, biomass and bioliquids) related to equipment and on-site vehicles, room heating and cooling, drying of MIC (e.g. slag or pozzolana); — combustion of fuels for on-site power generation; — combustion of carbon contained in wastewater; — Indirect GHG emissions [ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, b)] from the generation of purchased electricity consumed in the organization’s owned or controlled equipment; — Other indirect GHG emissions [(ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, c) to f)] from purchased clinker. Excluded from this document are all other ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4, c) to f) emissions from the cement industry.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides a harmonized methodology for calculating GHG emissions from the ferro-alloys industry based on the mass balance approach. This document also provides key performance indicators over time for ferro-alloys plants. This document covers the following direct and indirect sources of GHG: — direct GHG emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 a)] from sources that are owned or controlled by the company, such as emissions resulting from the following sources: — smelting (reduction) process; — decomposition of carbonates inside the furnace; — auxiliaries operation related to the smelting operation (i.e. aggregates, drying processes, heating of ladles, etc.); — indirect GHG emissions [see ISO 14064-1:2018, 5.2.4 b)] from the generation of purchased electricity consumed in the company’s owned or controlled equipment.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a harmonized method for calculating the emissions of greenhouse gases from the electrolysis section of primary aluminium smelters and aluminium anode baking plants. This document also specifies key performance indicators for the purpose of benchmarking of aluminium and boundaries.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes a method for systematically collecting material loss from fabrics under laundering test conditions to achieve comparable and accurate results. There is no direct correlation to material loss during domestic and commercial laundering. The method is designed to assess material loss of all types.
NOTE In this document, any collected debris is assumed to be fibre fragments. For the identification of the nature/composition of this debris, the method described in ISO 4484-2 can be used.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method for systematically collecting material loss from fabrics under laundering test conditions to achieve comparable and accurate results. There is no direct correlation to material loss during domestic and commercial laundering. The method is designed to assess material loss of all types. NOTE In this document, any collected debris is assumed to be fibre fragments. For the identification of the nature/composition of this debris, the method described in ISO 4484-2 can be used.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard13 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides life-cycle cost (LCC) methodology for treatment systems for water reuse for initial planning as well as later performance evaluation. LCC analysis provides valid information to determine whether the objectives have actually been accomplished and how operations are improved and optimized. Environmental impact is also taken into account in the LCC evaluation.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of fuel consumption and resulting CO2 emissions to enable fleet managers to reduce fuel costs and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in a sustainable manner. The fuel consumption determination is achieved by extracting trip data and speed profiles from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver of a nomadic device (ND), by sending it via mobile communication to a database server and by calculating the deviation of the mechanical energy contributions of: a) aerodynamics, b) rolling friction, c) acceleration/braking, d) slope resistance, and e) standstill, relative to a given reference driving cycle in [%]. As the mechanical energy consumption of the reference cycle is known by measurement with a set of static vehicle configuration parameters, the methodology enables drivers, fleet managers or logistics service providers to calculate and analyse fuel consumption and CO2 emissions per trip by simply collecting trip data with a GNSS receiver included in an ND inside a moving vehicle. In addition to the on-trip and post-trip monitoring of energy consumption (fuel, CO2), the solution also provides information about eco-friendly driving behaviour and road conditions for better ex-ante and ex-post trip planning. Therefore, the solution also allows floating cars to evaluate the impact of specific traffic management actions taken by public authorities with the objective of achieving GHG reductions within a given road network. The ND is not aware of the characteristics of the vehicle. The connection between dynamic data collected by the ND and the static vehicle configuration parameters is out of scope of this document. This connection is implementation-dependent for a software or application using the described methodology which includes static vehicle parameters and dynamic speed profiles per second from the ND. Considerations of privacy and data protection of the data collected by a ND are not within the scope of this document, which only describes the methodology based on such data. However, software and application developers using the methodology need to carefully consider those issues. Nowadays, most countries and companies are required to be compliant with strict and transparent local regulations on privacy and to have the corresponding approval boards and certification regulations in force before bringing new products to the market.
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This document specifies test methods and criteria for showing intrinsic biodegradability in marine environments of virgin plastic materials and polymers without any preliminary environmental exposure or pre-treatment.
Test methods applied in this document are carried out at temperatures in the mesophilic range under aerobic conditions and are aimed to show ultimate biodegradability, i.e. conversion into carbon dioxide, water and biomass.
This document neither assesses the constituents, such as regulated metals or substances hazardous to the environment, nor potential ecotoxic effects but intrinsic biodegradability only. These aspects will be considered in a separate standard covering the overall environmental impact of products intentionally or accidentally released in the marine environment.
This document does not cover the performance of products made from biodegradable plastic materials and biodegradable polymers. Lifetime and biodegradation rates in the sea of products made with biodegradable plastic materials are generally affected by the specific environmental conditions and by thickness and shape.
Although results might indicate that the tested plastic materials and polymers biodegrade under the specified test conditions at a certain rate, the results of any laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to marine environments at the actual site of use or leakage.
This document is not applicable for "marine biodegradable" claims of biodegradable plastic materials. For such purpose, see relevant product standards, if available.
The testing scheme specified in this document does not provide sufficient information for determining the specific biodegradation rate (i.e. the rate per available surface area) of the material under testing. For such purpose, see relevant standards about specific biodegradation rate, if available.
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This document defines the material carbon footprint as the amount (mass) of CO2 removed from the air and incorporated into plastic, and specifies a determination method to quantify it.
This document is applicable to plastic products, plastic materials and polymer resins that are partly or wholly based on biobased constituents.
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This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the quantification and reporting of the process carbon footprint of biobased plastics (see ISO 22526-1), being a partial carbon footprint of a bioplastic product, based on ISO 14067 and consistent with International Standards on life cycle assessment (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044).
This document is applicable to process carbon footprint studies (P-CFP) of plastic materials, being a partial carbon footprint of a product, whether or not the results are intended to be publicly available.
Requirements and guidelines for the quantification of a partial carbon footprint of a product (partial CFP) are provided in this document. The process carbon footprint study is carried out according to ISO 14067 as a partial carbon footprint, using the specific conditions and requirements specified in this document.
Where the results of a P-CFP study are reported according to this document, procedures are provided to support transparency and credibility, and also to allow for informed choices.
Offsetting is outside of the scope of this document.
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This document specifies the general principles and the system boundaries for the carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastic products. It is an introduction and a guidance document to the other parts of the ISO 22526 series.
This document is applicable to plastic products and plastic materials, polymer resins, which are based from biobased or fossil-based constituents.
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This document specifies principles and requirements for bodies performing validation and verification of environmental information statements.
Any programme requirements related to bodies are additional to the requirements of this document.
This document is a sector application of ISO/IEC 17029:2019, which contains general principles and requirements for the competence, consistent operation and impartiality of bodies performing validation/verification as conformity assessment activities.
This document includes sector-specific requirements in addition to the requirements of ISO/IEC 17029:2019.
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ISO 27914:2017
a) establishes requirements and recommendations for the geological storage of CO2 streams, the purpose of which is to promote commercial, safe, long-term containment of carbon dioxide in a way that minimizes risk to the environment, natural resources, and human health,
b) is applicable for both onshore and offshore geological storage within permeable and porous geological strata including hydrocarbon reservoirs where a CO2 stream is not being injected for the purpose of hydrocarbon production or for storage in association with CO2-EOR,
c) includes activities associated with site screening and selection, characterization, design and development, operation of storage sites, and preparation for site closure,
d) recognizes that site selection and management are unique for each project and that intrinsic technical risk and uncertainty will be dealt with on a site-specific basis,
e) acknowledges that permitting and approval by regulatory authorities will be required throughout the project life cycle, including the closure period, although the permitting process is not included in ISO 27914:2017,
f) provides requirements and recommendations for the development of management systems, community and other stakeholder engagement, risk assessment, risk management and risk communication,
g) does not apply to, modify, interpret, or supersede any national or international regulations, treaties, protocols or instruments otherwise applicable to the activities addressed in ISO 27914:2017, and
h) does not apply to or modify any property rights or interests in the surface or the subsurface (including mineral rights), or any pre-existing commercial contract or arrangement relating to such property.
The life cycle of a CO2 geological storage project covers all aspects, periods, and stages of the project, from those that lead to the start of the project (including site screening, selection, characterization, assessment, engineering, permitting, and construction), through the start of injection and proceeding through subsequent operations until cessation of injection and culminating in the post-injection period, which includes a closure period. Figure 1 illustrates the limits of ISO 27914:2017.
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- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
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This document specifies principles and requirements for bodies performing validation and verification
of environmental information statements.
Any programme requirements related to bodies are additional to the requirements of this document.
This document is a sector application of ISO/IEC 17029:2019, which contains general principles
and requirements for the competence, consistent operation and impartiality of bodies performing
validation/verification as conformity assessment activities.
This document includes sector-specific requirements in addition to the requirements of
ISO/IEC 17029:2019.
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This document covers: — A description of the existing legal frameworks and associated laws and directives covering current and planned projects. — Specific information about CO2 injection facilities based on existing and planned projects that include storage of CO2 in both saline aquifers and CO2-EOR as relevant. This information includes aspects of materials used, surface infrastructure, well design considerations, concepts around well placement strategies, considerations for downhole monitoring tool deployment, well completions, and well and infrastructure maintenance and remediation practices. — Descriptions of current practices regarding operating projects including monitoring, safety, and reporting activities associated with both surface and downhole components of the projects. — Discussion on operational aspects of storing CO2 in hydrocarbon reservoirs including depleting gas fields and reusing facilities. — A description of monitoring requirements and methods including measurements to establish baselines. — A description of existing and emerging tools, accuracy, and expectations for quantification. — A description of regulatory requirements for operating and decommissioning CO2-EOR with associated storage and CCS projects around the world. — A description of decommissioning activities and timelines associated with end-of-project.
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This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the degree and rate of the aerobic biodegradation level of plastic materials. Biodegradation is determined by measuring the CO2 evolved from plastic materials when exposed to seawater sampled from coastal areas under laboratory conditions.
The conditions described in this document might not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation, however this test method is designed to give an indication of the potential biodegradability of plastic materials.
NOTE This document addresses plastic materials but can also be used for other materials.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the quantification and reporting of the process carbon footprint of biobased plastics (see ISO 22526-1), being a partial carbon footprint of a bioplastic product, based on ISO 14067 and consistent with International Standards on life cycle assessment (ISO 14040 and ISO 14044).
This document is applicable to process carbon footprint studies (P-CFP) of plastic materials, being a partial carbon footprint of a product, whether or not the results are intended to be publicly available.
Requirements and guidelines for the quantification of a partial carbon footprint of a product (partial CFP) are provided in this document. The process carbon footprint study is carried out according to ISO 14067 as a partial carbon footprint, using the specific conditions and requirements specified in this document.
Where the results of a P-CFP study are reported according to this document, procedures are provided to support transparency and credibility, and also to allow for informed choices.
Offsetting is outside of the scope of this document.
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This document specifies a laboratory test method to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation level of plastic materials. This test method can also be applied to other materials.
Biodegradation is determined by measuring the CO2 evolved by the plastic material when exposed to marine sediments sampled from a sandy tidal zone and kept wet with salt-water under laboratory conditions.
This test method is a simulation under laboratory conditions of the habitat found in sandy tidal zone that, in marine science, is called eulittoral zone.
The conditions described in this document might not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation to occur.
Deviations from the test conditions described in this document are justified in the test report.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general principles and the system boundaries for the carbon and environmental footprint of biobased plastic products. It is an introduction and a guidance document to the other parts of the ISO 22526 series.
This document is applicable to plastic products and plastic materials, polymer resins, which are based from biobased or fossil-based constituents.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory test method for determining the degree and rate of the aerobic biodegradation level of plastic materials. Biodegradation of plastic materials is determined by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer when exposed to seawater sampled from coastal areas under laboratory conditions.
The conditions described in this document might not always correspond to the optimum conditions for the maximum degree of biodegradation, however this test method is designed to give an indication of the potential biodegradability of plastic materials.
NOTE This document addresses plastic materials but can also be used for other materials.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document defines the material carbon footprint as the amount (mass) of CO2 removed from the air and incorporated into plastic, and specifies a determination method to quantify it.
This document is applicable to plastic products, plastic materials and polymer resins that are partly or wholly based on biobased constituents.
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This document specifies test methods for the determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials exposed to marine habitats under real field conditions.
The marine areas under investigation are the sandy sublittoral and the sandy eulittoral zone where plastic materials can either be placed intentionally (e.g. biodegradable fishing nets) or end up as litter due to irresponsible human behaviour. This depends on their physical characteristics, form and size of the materials, and on water currents and tidal movements.
This document specifies the general requirements of the apparatus, and the procedures for using the test methods described.
The determination of the level of disintegration of plastic materials exposed to pelagic zones such as the sea surface or the water column above the seafloor are not within the scope of this document.
This document is not suitable for the assessment of disintegration caused by heat or light exposure.
The described field test is a disintegration test and not a biodegradation test. Therefore, it cannot be used for demonstrating biodegradation or for making unqualified claims such as "biodegradable in marine environment" and similar.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods and criteria for showing intrinsic biodegradability in marine environments of virgin plastic materials and polymers without any preliminary environmental exposure or pre-treatment.
Test methods applied in this document are carried out at temperatures in the mesophilic range under aerobic conditions and are aimed to show ultimate biodegradability, i.e. conversion into carbon dioxide, water and biomass.
This document neither assesses the constituents, such as regulated metals or substances hazardous to the environment, nor potential ecotoxic effects but intrinsic biodegradability only. These aspects will be considered in a separate standard covering the overall environmental impact of products intentionally or accidentally released in the marine environment.
This document does not cover the performance of products made from biodegradable plastic materials and biodegradable polymers. Lifetime and biodegradation rates in the sea of products made with biodegradable plastic materials are generally affected by the specific environmental conditions and by thickness and shape.
Although results might indicate that the tested plastic materials and polymers biodegrade under the specified test conditions at a certain rate, the results of any laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to marine environments at the actual site of use or leakage.
This document is not applicable for "marine biodegradable" claims of biodegradable plastic materials. For such purpose, see relevant product standards, if available.
The testing scheme specified in this document does not provide sufficient information for determining the specific biodegradation rate (i.e. the rate per available surface area) of the material under testing. For such purpose, see relevant standards about specific biodegradation rate, if available.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides definitions, guidelines and supporting information for evaluating and reporting (with respect to the basic design items ongoing, and the operational results of a reference plant or unit as feedback) to ensure the (designed) performance of a PCC plant integrated with a host power plant. The PCC plant separates CO2 from the power plant flue gas in preparation for subsequent transportation and geological storage. The physical system being addressed is a single power plant, with an optional auxiliary unit to provide thermal energy required for the PCC plant, and a single PCC plant as described in ISO 27919-1. The formulas and methods to assure and maintain reliable performance, presented in this document, describe issues addressed during the design and construction phases and practices that document reliability and availability during routine operation. These practices would also guide ongoing maintenance programmes. This document does not provide guidelines for benchmark, comparison or assessment studies for PCC plant operations using different capture technologies (i.e. absorbents), nor does it specify appropriate operating conditions such as temperature etc.
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- Standard65 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off