ISO/IEC 19286:2018
(Main)Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Privacy-enhancing protocols and services
Identification cards — Integrated circuit cards — Privacy-enhancing protocols and services
ISO/IEC 19286:2018 aims to normalize privacy-enhancing protocols and services by - using the mechanisms from parts of ISO/IEC 7816 and parts of ISO/IEC 18328 that contribute to security and privacy, - providing discoverability means of privacy-enabling attributes, - defining requirements for attribute-based credential handling, and - identifying data objects and commands for ICCs. Existing privacy-enhancing protocols available in a generic context are adopted for distributed systems including ICCs. Additionally, existing authentication protocols between an ICC and an external device used for establishing a secure channel are enhanced with privacy protection. Secure communication between an ICC and an on-card device is also considered. All the protocols and services described in this document contribute to privacy. Annex B describes an example of privacy impact assessments of respective systems.
Cartes d'identification — Cartes à circuit intégré — Protocoles et services renforçant la protection des données personnelles
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 19286
First edition
2018-01
Identification cards — Integrated
circuit cards — Privacy-enhancing
protocols and services
Cartes d'identification — Cartes à circuit intégré — Protocoles et
services renforçant la protection des données personnelles
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2018
© ISO/IEC 2018, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO/IEC 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Abbreviated terms and notations .5
5 General privacy principles .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Data minimization . 7
5.3 User control . 7
5.4 Data quality . 7
6 Privacy architecture .8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Categorization of data . 9
6.2.1 User data and credentials . . 9
6.2.2 User input data .10
6.2.3 ICC data .10
6.2.4 Service provider data (SP data) .10
6.2.5 Issuer data .10
6.3 Participating entities .11
6.4 Privacy properties .11
6.4.1 Data minimizing properties .11
6.4.2 User control properties .12
6.4.3 Data quality properties .13
7 Privacy-enhancing protocols .14
7.1 General .14
7.2 User verification.15
7.2.1 Purpose of user verification .15
7.2.2 Password verification with VERIFY command .15
7.2.3 Password verification with PACE .17
7.2.4 Biometric user verification .20
7.3 Device authentication protocols with optional user attribute access .22
7.3.1 Purpose of device authentication protocols .22
7.3.2 Authentication protocol PACE .22
7.3.3 Authentication protocol EACv2 with on-card user attributes .24
7.3.4 ABC protocol with on-card user attributes .30
7.3.5 Enhanced Role Authentication protocol (ERA) .34
7.3.6 Device authentication protocol OPACITY Full Secrecy .41
7.3.7 Device authentication protocol OPACITY BLINDED .43
7.4 Attribute verification mechanisms with compare command .45
7.4.1 Purpose of attribute verification mechanism .45
7.4.2 General.45
7.4.3 Data comparison with external authentication function .46
7.4.4 Auxiliary data comparison with EACv2 protocol .47
7.5 Domain-specific identifier mechanisms.49
7.5.1 Purpose of domain-specific identifier mechanisms .49
7.5.2 Domain-specific identifier based on Restricted Identification .49
7.5.3 Domain-specific identifier based on pseudonymous signature
for authentication .51
7.5.4 Domain-specific identifier based on ABC-based signatures .52
7.6 Pseudonymous signature mechanisms .52
7.6.1 Purpose of pseudonymous signatures .52
© ISO/IEC 2018 – All rights reserved iii
7.6.2 Chip Authentication based on Pseudonymous Signature for
Authentication (CA-PSA) .52
7.6.3 Pseudonymous Signature of Credentials (PSC) .55
7.6.4 ABC-based signatures (ABC-Sig) .56
Annex A (informative) Use cases.59
Annex B (informative) Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) guidance for electronic
identification, authentication and trust services .64
Bibliography .75
iv © ISO/IEC 2018 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, SC 17, Cards and security devices
for personal identification.
© ISO/IEC 2018 – All rights reserved v
Introduction
National and pan-national (e.g. European) privacy regulations require the protection of personal data
as well as implicitly linked parameters revealing the identity of the cardholder [see relevant documents
in different countries (e.g. EU GDPR, US PIA, Canada PIA or Australian PIA)(see 5.1)].
Privacy-enhancing implementations allow a cardholder to be confident that their sensitive personally
identifiable information (PII) is not exposed to an unauthorized environment. Thereby a cardholder
may be exposed to an environment that might read sensitive PII from the Integrated Circuit Card (ICC)
ahead of any external authentication. Such sensitive PII can be unique parameters of a card (e.g. the
Card ID) or personalized parameters of the cardholder and could be linked to the cardholder.
For instance, if the nationality of a cardholder can be identified by the nature of the ICC description
parameters (e.g. algorithm ID, if unique for particular country) then a cardholder of a certain nationality
could be exposed to observation. An employee identification card, a health insurance card, a passport
are typical examples which may require privacy protection.
ICC services ensuring privacy could, for instance, find fur
...
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