ISO 15105-2:2025
(Main)Plastics film and sheeting — Determination of gas-transmission rate — Part 2: Equal-pressure method
Plastics film and sheeting — Determination of gas-transmission rate — Part 2: Equal-pressure method
This document specifies a method for the determination of the gas-transmission rate of any plastic material in the form of film, sheeting, laminate, co-extruded material or flexible plastic-coated material. Specific examples, currently in use, of the method are described in the annexes.
Titre manque — Partie 2: Titre manque
L'ISO 15105-2:2003 spécifie une méthode pour la détermination du coefficient de transmission d'un gaz à travers tout matériau plastique sous forme de film, de feuille, de stratifié, de matériau coextrudé ou de matériau flexible enduit de plastique. Des exemples spécifiques couramment utilisés de la méthode sont décrits dans les annexes.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 15105-2
Second edition
Plastics film and sheeting —
2025-11
Determination of gas-
transmission rate —
Part 2:
Equal-pressure method
Reference number
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Test specimens . 2
6 Conditioning and test temperature . 2
6.1 Conditioning.2
6.2 Test temperature .2
7 Apparatus and materials . 3
7.1 General .3
7.2 Test gas .3
7.3 Transmission cell .3
7.4 Detection and measurement .3
8 Diffusion conditions . 4
9 Procedure . 4
10 Expression of results . 5
11 Precision . 5
12 Test report . 5
Annex A (normative) Method for the determination of the oxygen-transmission rate using a
coulometric sensor . 6
Annex B (normative) Detection by gas chromatography .11
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 11, Products.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15105-2:2003), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— The title has been changed to conform with the ISO/IEC Directives Part 2;
— Formula (B.1) has been corrected;
— general temperature and pressure for converting gas from moles to volume have been added to the note
in Formulae (A.2) and (B.2);
— temperature and pressure used for converting gas from moles to volume have been added in the test report.
A list of all parts in the ISO 15105 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 15105-2:2025(en)
Plastics film and sheeting — Determination of gas-
transmission rate —
Part 2:
Equal-pressure method
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the gas-transmission rate of any plastic material
in the form of film, sheeting, laminate, co-extruded material or flexible plastic-coated material.
Specific examples, currently in use, of the method are described in the annexes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4593, Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
gas-transmission rate
GTR
J
GTR
amount of gas passing through a plastic material, per unit area and unit time, under unit partial-pressure
difference between the two sides of the material
Note 1 to entry: When the gas used is oxygen, the value obtained is the oxygen-transmission rate (J ).
O2GTR
3.2
gas permeability
coefficient of gas permeability
P
amount of gas passing through a homogeneous polymer material of unit thickness, per unit area and unit
time, under unit partial-pressure difference between the two sides of the material
Note 1 to entry: The theoretical value of P is given by the Formula (1):
P = J × d (1)
GTR
where
P is expressed in mole metres per square metre second pascal [mol⋅m/(m ⋅s⋅Pa)];
J is expressed in moles per square metre second pascal [mol/(m ⋅s⋅Pa)];
GTR
d is the average thickness of the specimen, expressed in metres.
Note 2 to entry: Although P is a physical property of a polymeric material, differences in film preparation affecting
polymer orientation and crystal structure will have an effect on the permeation properties.
4 Principle
For methods using coulometric sensor (see Annex A) and gas chromatography (see Annex B), a test
specimen is mounted in a gas-transmission cell (see Figures A.1 and B.1) to form a sealed barrier between
two chambers. One chamber is slowly swept with a carrier gas. The second chamber is fed with the test gas.
The total pressure is identical (atmospheric) in each chamber but, since the partial pressure of the test gas
is higher in the second chamber, the test gas permeates through the barrier into the carrier gas in the first
chamber.
The test gas which permeates through the specimen is carried by the carrier gas to a sensor the nature of
which will depend on the material under test and the test gas used.
5 Test specimens
5.1 Test specimens shall be representative of the material under investigation, free from shrivelling,
folds and pinholes, and of uniform thickness. They shall be larger than the gas-transmission area of the
measurement cell and be capable of being mounted airtight.
5.2 Use three specimens unless otherwise specified or agreed upon among the interested parties.
5.3 Mark the side of the material facing the permeating gas.
In principle, the test should replicate the actual conditions of use, with the permeating gas passing from the
inside to the outside of, for example, packaging material, or vice versa.
5.4 Measure the thickness of each specimen in accordance with ISO 4593, at at least five points distributed
over the entire test area, and record the minimum, maximum and average values.
6 Conditioning and test temperature
6.1 Conditioning
The specimens shall be:
— either dried for not less than 48 h at the same temperature as that at which the test is to be carried out,
using calcium chloride or another suitable drying agent in a desiccator;
— or conditioned at the temperature and humidity specified for the test for a length of time appropriate to
the nature of the material under test.
6.2 Test temperature
Carry out the test in a room kept at 23 °C ± 2 °C, unless otherwise specified.
7 Apparatus and materials
WARNING — Appropriate precautions should be taken with respect to the use, recovery, recycling
and/or disposal of hazardous gases (toxic gases, flammable gases, etc.).
7.1 General
Figures A.1 and B.1 show examples of apparatus for determining gas-transmission rate.
The apparatus consists of a gas-transmission cell designed to allow a test gas to permeate through a
specimen, a sensor to measure the amount of test gas which has permeated through the specimen, and gas-
conditioning devices and flowmeters for the test gas and carrier gas.
7.2 Test gas
The test gas may be either a single gas, or a mixture of gases.
In the first case, the pressure of the gas shall be equal to atmospheric pressure.
In the second case, the pressure of the gas shall also be atmospheric, and the partial pressure of each
individual component will be determined by its concentration in the mixture.
7.3 Transmission cell
7.3.1 The transmission cell is divided into two chambers by a test piece, cut from the sheet of material
under test, to allow permeation of the test gas (see Key 1 in Figures A.1 and B.1).
7.3.2 The test gas flows, under defined conditions, into chamber A and leaves this chamber through a
suitably dimensioned outlet at ambient atmospheric pressure.
7.3.3 A carrier gas flows through the other chamber (chamber B) of the cell, under defined condition
...
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