ISO/TS 19713-2:2010
(Main)Road vehicles — Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors — Part 2: Fractional efficiency testing with coarse particles (5 µm to 40 µm optical diameter)
Road vehicles — Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors — Part 2: Fractional efficiency testing with coarse particles (5 µm to 40 µm optical diameter)
ISO/TS 19713-2:2010 describes laboratory test methods to measure engine air cleaner and filter performance by fractional efficiency tests for particles from 5 µm to 40 µm, using ISO 12103-1 test dusts. Performance includes, but is not limited to, airflow restriction or pressure loss, initial and incremental fractional efficiencies during dust loading. ISO/TS 19713-1 describes fractional efficiency tests for particles from 0,3 µm to 5 µm optical diameter.
Véhicules routiers — Équipement d'épuration d'air d'entrée pour moteurs à combustion interne et compresseurs — Partie 2: Contrôle d'efficacité fractionnelle avec grosses particules (diamètre optique de 5 µm à 40 µm)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19713-2
First edition
2010-07-15
Road vehicles — Inlet air cleaning
equipment for internal combustion
engines and compressors —
Part 2:
Fractional efficiency testing with coarse
particles (5 µm to 40 µm optical diameter)
Véhicules routiers — Équipement d'épuration d'air d'entrée pour
moteurs à combustion interne et compresseurs —
Partie 2: Contrôle d'efficacité fractionnelle avec grosses particules
(diamètre optique de 5 µm à 40 µm)
Reference number
ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Test equipment, accuracy and validation.4
4.1 Measurement accuracy.4
4.2 Test stand configuration.5
4.3 Test conditions .12
4.4 Validation.13
4.5 Reference air cleaner assemblies/air filter elements.14
4.6 Routine operating procedure .14
5 Fractional efficiency test .14
5.1 General .14
5.2 Test procedure.15
Annex A (informative) Test report .17
Annex B (normative) Efficiency data reduction.19
Annex C (normative) Pressure loss data reduction .26
Annex D (informative) Determination of maximum efficiency aerosol concentration.27
Annex E (normative) Accuracy requirements, validation and routine operation.28
Annex F (informative) Particle diameters .31
Annex G (normative) Aerosol isokinetic sampling.33
Annex H (normative) Fractional efficiency.36
Bibliography.37
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 19713-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 7,
Injection equipment and filters for use on road vehicles.
ISO/TS 19713 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Inlet air cleaning
equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors:
⎯ Part 1: Fractional efficiency testing with fine particles (0,3 µm to 5 µm optical diameter)
⎯ Part 2: Fractional efficiency testing with coarse particles (5 µm to 40 µm optical diameter)
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
Introduction
The engine air cleaner/filter fractional efficiency test methods described in this part of ISO/TS 19713 have
been developed to cover traditional and new particulate air filters in order to remove airborne contaminants
specifically to protect the engine.
Air cleaner fractional efficiency is one of the main air cleaner performance characteristics. This part of
ISO/TS 19713 has been established to address the measurement of this parameter. The objective of the
procedure is to maintain a uniform test method for evaluating fractional efficiency of air cleaners and air filters
on specified laboratory test stands.
The data collected in accordance with this part of ISO/TS 19713 can be used to establish fractional efficiency
characteristics for air cleaners and filters tested in this manner. The actual field operating conditions (including
contaminants, humidity, temperature, mechanical vibration, flow pulsation, etc.) are difficult to duplicate.
However, with the procedure and equipment set forth, comparison of air filter fractional efficiency can be made
with a high degree of confidence.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
Road vehicles — Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal
combustion engines and compressors —
Part 2:
Fractional efficiency testing with coarse particles (5 µm to
40 µm optical diameter)
1 Scope
This part of ISO/TS 19713 describes laboratory test methods to measure engine air cleaner and filter
performance by fractional efficiency tests for particles from 5 µm to 40 µm, using ISO 12103-1 test dusts.
Performance includes, but is not limited to, airflow restriction or pressure loss, initial and incremental fractional
efficiencies during dust loading.
ISO/TS 19713-1 describes fractional efficiency tests for particles from 0,3 µm to 5 µm optical diameter.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5011:2000, Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressors —
Performance testing
ISO 12103-1, Road vehicles — Test dust for filter evaluation — Part 1: Arizona test dust
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air cleaner assembly
assembly which includes the air cleaner housing and the air filter element
3.1.1
single-stage air cleaner
air cleaner which does not incorporate a separate pre-cleaner
3.1.2
multistage air cleaner
air cleaner consisting of two or more stages, the first usually being a pre-cleaner, followed by one or more
filter elements
NOTE If two elements are used, the first is called the primary element and the second is called the secondary element.
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
3.1.3
pre-cleaner
device usually using inertial or centrifugal means to remove a portion of the test dust before reaching the filter
element
3.2
air filter element
actual filter supported and sealed within the air cleaner assembly
3.3
test airflow rate
measure of the volume of air passing through the test duct per unit time
NOTE The test airflow rate is expressed in cubic metres per second.
3.4
pressure loss
permanent pressure reduction due to a decrease in the flow energy (velocity head) caused by the filter (Pa at
standard conditions of 20 °C and 101,3 kPa)
3.5
fractional efficiency
E
f,i
ability of the air filter to remove particles of a specified size expressed as a percentage for particle size i
−
CC
1,ii2,
=×100 (1)
E
f,i
C
1,i
where
C is the number of particles per unit volume of specified size, i, upstream;
1,i
C is the number of particles per unit volume of specified size, i, downstream
2,i
NOTE Fractional efficiency is expressed in percent.
3.6
fractional efficiency before dust loading
efficiency before the collected particles have any measurable effect on the efficiency of the filter under test
NOTE The collected particles can affect the measured filter efficiency before enough aerosol is collected to have any
measurable effect on the filter pressure loss.
3.7
incremental fractional efficiency
efficiency, determined at the specified flow rate as a function of particle size at 10 %, 25 %, 50 % and 100 %
of filter life, which is determined by pressure loss across the filter as the filter is loaded with ISO 12103-1 test
dust
NOTE 1 The values of filter pressure loss, ∆P , at which the incremental fractional efficiencies are measured can be
i
calculated from
∆=P ∆PL+∆()∆P−∆P (2)
iiodo
where
∆P is the initial pressure loss;
o
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
∆L is the fraction of filter life;
i
∆P is the specified terminal pressure loss.
d
NOTE 2 If necessary, the requester and the tester can agree upon different criteria for incremental fractional efficiency.
3.8
fractional penetration
P
f,i
ratio of the concentration of particles of specified size exiting the filter to the concentration of particles of
specified size entering the filter expressed in a percentage for particle size i
PE=−100 (3)
f,iif,
NOTE Fractional penetration is expressed in percent.
3.9
test dust loading
mass of test dust collected by the air cleaner assembly or air filter element at a specified flow rate expressed
in grams
3.10
particle measurement device
aerosol spectrometer
instrument for sizing, or counting, or sizing and counting, aerosol particles
NOTE Recommended particle counters are optical particle counters (OPC) or other counters demonstrating good
correlation in measuring particle sizes, e.g. aerodynamic particle counters (APC).
3.11
test aerosol
particles suspended in air, used for filter efficiency evaluation or dust loading
3.11.1
fractional efficiency test aerosol
aerosol used to measure the efficiency of the test filter, the concentration of which is low enough to prevent
coincidence-related errors in the particle counters, and does not change the filter efficiency due to loading
NOTE The aerosol charge is reduced so that it approximates a Boltzman equilibrium charge distribution. The
requirements for the efficiency challenge aerosol are given in 4.2.10 and 4.2.11.
3.11.2
loading test aerosol
aerosol used to load the filter, the concentration of which is high enough to allow loading of the filter in a
reasonable amount of time
NOTE The requirements for the loading test aerosol are given in 4.2.13.2.
3.12
correlation ratio
R
ratio of the number of particles observed at the downstream sampling location to the number of particles at the
upstream sampling location when no filter is installed in the test system
NOTE 1 This number can be greater or less than 1.
NOTE 2 The method of calculating the correlation ratio is given in Annex B.
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
3.13
log mean diameter
D
l,i
weighted mean diameter calculated by
1/ 2
DD=×D (4)
()
l,ii i +1
where
D is the lower threshold of particle size range;
i
D is the upper threshold of particle size range
i+1
3.14
geometric (volume equivalent) diameter
D
g,i
diameter of a sphere with the same volume as the particle being measured
NOTE For a spherical particle, it is the diameter of the sphere.
3.15
optical (equivalent) diameter
D
o,i
diameter of a particle of the type used to calibrate an optical sizing instrument that scatters the same amount
of light as the particle being measured
NOTE Optical diameter depends on the instrument, the type of particle used to calibrate the instrument (usually
polystyrene latex spheres), the optical properties of the particle being measured, and the size of the particle.
3.16
aerodynamic (equivalent) diameter
D
ae
3
diameter of a sphere of density 1 g/cm with the same terminal velocity as the particle being measured, due to
gravitational force in calm air
NOTE 1 The aerodynamic diameter will be used to report results to avoid different diameter measures due to different
sizing and counting techniques.
NOTE 2 Annex F provides additional information about aerodynamic diameter.
3.17
high efficiency particulate air
HEPA
filter having 99,95 % efficiency at most penetrating particle size (class H13 in accordance with EN 1822), or
99,97 % (or higher) fractional efficiency at 0,3 µm using DOP aerosol as defined by IEST RP-CC001
recommended practice
3.18
neutralization
aerosol whose charge distribution is reduced until it provides a Boltzman equilibrium charge distribution
4 Test equipment, accuracy and validation
4.1 Measurement accuracy
Accuracy requirements are given in Table E.1.
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
4.2 Test stand configuration
4.2.1 General
Complete vehicle manufacturer air cleaner assemblies or individual air filter elements may be tested. The test
stand shall consist of the following major components and shall be arranged as shown in Figure 2.
NOTE 1 Results can vary depending on configuration.
NOTE 2 Air cleaner assembly orientation will affect performance. It is advisable that air cleaner assemblies be oriented
and tested as installed in the vehicle.
Figure 2 shows a set-up to measure the performance of an air cleaner assembly.
Figure 3 shows a recommended air cleaner housing to measure the performance of a panel-type air filter
element.
Figure 4 shows a recommended air cleaner housing to measure the performance of a cylindrical-type air filter
element.
4.2.2 Unit under test
4.2.2.1 General
The unit under test may be an air cleaner housing with filter element or elements or it may be a housing
designed to hold a filter element with appropriate inlet and outlets. The unit under test may be or may include
a pre-cleaner. The scope of this test procedure does not include the testing of air cleaner systems without
tubular inlet and outlet connections. However, designs such as perforated or louvered inlet systems could be
tested with the unit under test inside a plenum that would include a tubular inlet. Non-tubular air cleaner
systems outside the scope of this test procedure may still be evaluated as agreed upon between the tester
and customer.
4.2.2.2 Air cleaner assembly
Air cleaner assemblies shall be evaluated using the set-up shown in Figure 2.
4.2.2.3 Evaluating panel air filter elements
In general, panel-type air filter elements may be tested using the recommended housing shown in Figure 3.
4.2.2.4 Evaluating cylindrical/round air filter elements
Figure 4 shows a recommended housing to test cylindrical-type air filter elements. This housing design is
similar to the one recommended in ISO 5011.
4.2.3 Ducting
Upstream and downstream cylindrical ducting shall be made of conductive material and all components shall
be commonly grounded from the aerosol inlet section to the downstream sampling section.
4.2.4 Airflow conditioning
Inlet air shall be conditioned in accordance with the requirements of ISO 5011, i.e. (23 ± 5) °C and (55 ± 15) %
relative humidity (RH). The inlet air shall be filtered with a HEPA filter if the background particle concentration
exceeds that defined in Annex E.
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
4.2.5 Test configurations
The upstream and downstream ducting can be constructed vertically (recommended), horizontally, or a
combination based on space constraints. The example in this procedure shows a vertical configuration to test
both air cleaners and panel-type air filters. Preferably, the particle samplers should be located vertically in
each test section, which reduces the probability of particle loss and enables sampling of large particle sizes of
interest. The underlying test system design will reduce particle losses and meet the requirements of
Tables E.1 and E.2.
4.2.6 Airflow ducting
The test system should be capable of handling user-specified flow rates. Further, the test system will maintain
the required flow rates with air cleaner assembly pressure loss up to 10 kPa. Primary duct sizing shall conform
to the “nominal” duct diameter and Reynolds numbers in Table 1. Higher and lower flow rates may use duct
sizes scaled appropriately.
Table 1 — Duct diameter versus flow range
Nominal duct Flow range Flow range
Area Velocity Reynolds number
diameter low high
2 3 3
mm m m/s m/h m /h at low flow at high flow
50 0,002 02 11,6 85 425 40 407 202 034
100 0,008 10 5,8 170 850 40 407 202 034
150 0,018 20 5,2 340 1 700 53 876 269 378
200 0,032 40 5,8 680 3 400 80 813 404 067
−3
NOTE A 10 µm particle with a specific gravity of 2 settles at about 6 × 10 m/s in still air. At the minimum velocity of
approximately 5,1 m/s, this would result in a 10 mm drop in that 10 µm particle over a 3 m run.
4.2.7 Inlet filtration
Test inlet airflow shall be filtered with a HEPA filter to remove the majority of ambient aerosol, if required, in
accordance with Annex E.
4.2.8 Flow uniformity
The test system shall be designed to provide uniform and steady airflow to the air cleaner assembly or to the
air filter element under test, as stated in the test set-up.
NOTE Uniform airflow is required in sections where isokinetic samplers are located when evaluating air cleaner
assemblies. Proper flow distribution will facilitate a representative aerosol sample being drawn by the isokinetic samplers.
See 4.2.10.4 for flow uniformity measurements.
4.2.9 Leakage
It is important to minimize leakage into the test system to obtain valid data. Depending on where the leakage
occurs, it can cause major errors in particle counting.
As a minimum, all connections and joints should be checked for visual leakage using soap bubbles. Any
known soap solution can be used for the test. Preferably, the soap solution (foam) will be applied using a
brush at all connections and joints. Leaks are especially important on the clean side of the air cleaner.
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
4.2.10 Fractional efficiency test aerosol generator
4.2.10.1 General
The aerosol generator for fractional efficiency tests shall provide a stable and homogenous aerosol
concentration and size distribution. The size distribution of the aerosol shall have sufficient particles for
statistical evaluation in each size class, as explained in B.6. If high-resolution particle spectrometers are used,
size classes may be combined to achieve the required counts. The total concentration of the aerosol in the
test duct shall not exceed the limit of the particle counter discussed in 4.2.14.3. The efficiency test aerosol
concentration shall be low enough so there is no change in efficiency during the test as described in Clause 5
(i.e. no loading effects).
4.2.10.2 Aerosol generation
Test dust and aerosol generation shall be in accordance with ISO 5011:2000, 6.2.1 to 6.2.5.
4.2.10.3 Aerosol dispersion
The efficiency test aerosol should be injected with the airflow in accordance with Figure 2 (see ISO 5011:2000,
6.2.1 to 6.2.5).
4.2.10.4 Aerosol uniformity
During validation of uniformity and concentration of the efficiency test aerosol, no air cleaner shall be installed
in the location of the test filter (see Figure 2). Instead, a smooth, straight pipe or an elbow may be used. The
uniformity of the particle size distribution and the concentration of the test aerosol used for fractional efficiency
tests may be verified by use of a particle-sizing instrument that will also be used in the test system. This
particle-sizing instrument shall draw samples upstream and downstream of the air cleaner mounting position
using the isokinetic samplers. For each test duct the minimum and maximum flow rate will be used for this
evaluation (see Table 1). Samples shall be drawn by the isokinetic samplers along a diameter at three
locations. Locations will be 0,15 D, 0,5 D and 0,85 D (see Figure 1). The measurements will be performed in a
plane along two perpendicular diameters. A minimum of three samples shall be drawn at each sampling
location, and the resulting number distribution shall be averaged. As far as possible, the samples will be taken
at random. The average values for each reported particle-size range shall not vary by more than ±10 % for
channels less than 15 µm particles and ±20 % for channels greater than 15 µm particles among the five
locations. This indicates that the efficiency test aerosol is uniformly distributed across the test duct, and that
the centreline sample is representative of the overall challenge.
NOTE For tube diameter D, the sampling positions are the following:
⎯ horizontal: 0,15D; 0,5D; 0,85D;
⎯ vertical: 0,15D; 0,85D.
Figure 1 — Location of isokinetic sampling points for validation
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
4.2.11 Aerosol neutralizer for coarse test dust
Neutralization is not used in this part of ISO/TS 19713.
4.2.12 Upstream and downstream sample probes
Sampling probes shall be isokinetic (local velocity of duct and probe to be equal) to within ±20 %. The same
probe design should be used upstream and downstream of the filter. Sampling probes shall be located on the
centreline of the test duct. Sample probes shall be located at least seven diameters downstream of any bends,
reducers, expanders, etc. The sampling probe shall be at least four diameters upstream of any bends,
reducers, expanders, etc. The samplers will also be located in the centre of the duct. The probes shall be
made of electrically conductive metallic tubing with a smooth inside surface. The design of the probes and
sampling lines will reduce particle losses. The inlet of the sampling probes shall be sharp edged and shall be
located near the centre of the duct. Both the upstream/downstream sampling lines should be identical, straight
(or no more than one bend) and as short as possible. See Annex G for details on isokinetic sampling. A short
(u 50 mm) flexible connection to the particle counter may be used to allow some flexibility and reduce stress
on the counter inlet. PTFE may not be used as flexible tubing. Use conductive tubing (e.g. plasticized PVC)
instead. For more information on tubing, see the Bibliography.
Sampling probe ducting to the particle counter must be set up in a way that no sedimentation of large particles
takes place, i.e.
⎯ vertical orientation of the tubing;
⎯ sufficient flow velocity;
⎯ short connection length between n particle counter and sampling;
⎯ avoidance of bends in the tubing;
⎯ no sharp angles if bends are necessary.
4.2.13 Loading test aerosol generator (see ISO 5011)
4.2.13.1 General
Aerosol generation shall be in accordance with ISO 5011:2000, 6.2.1 to 6.2.5. (See also 4.2.10.)
4.2.13.2 Loading test aerosol (air cleaner assembly only)
A dust injector (see ISO 5011:2000, Figure B.2 or B.3) shall be used to disperse the loading test aerosol
(ISO 12103-1 test dust). The dust feeder location is shown in Figure 2.
4.2.13.3 Loading test aerosol dust feeder
3
A dust feeder capable of feeding a stable (within ±5 %) concentration of 1 g/m of air at the test flow rate shall
be used. Reference the dust feeder specifications and validation procedure in ISO 5011.
4.2.14 Upstream and downstream particle counter
4.2.14.1 General
Upstream and downstream particle counter shall be of the same model and shall be matched as closely as
possible. A single particle counter can also be used for efficiency measurements using sequential
measurements. The airborne particle counter shall be capable of recording particles in the 5 µm to 40 µm
geometric equivalent size range. The particle counter shall be able, at a minimum, to discriminate eight
logarithmically spaced particle size classes.
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ISO/TS 19713-2:2010(E)
4.2.14.2 Particle counter calibration
The particle counter shall be calibrated with polystyrene latex particles of appropriate size or other suitable
particle standards prior to system start-up and a minimum of once a year to verify that the size calibration has
not changed. It is recommended that the particle counter calibration be verified periodically during the year
between calibrations.
4.2.14.3 Maximum particle concentration
The maximum total particle concentration shall be established to prevent coincidence counting (i.e. counting
more than one particle at a time). A recommended method for establishing this limit is to condu
...
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