ISO 19297-1:2019
(Main)Intelligent transport systems — Shareable geospatial databases for ITS applications — Part 1: Framework
Intelligent transport systems — Shareable geospatial databases for ITS applications — Part 1: Framework
This document defines a shareable geospatial database service framework and provides an overview of the ISO 19297 series of standards. This is intended to enhance user accessibility and interoperability of databases. It does not cover ITS applications or service specific issues.
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Base de données géospatiales partageables pour applications ITS — Partie 1: Architecture
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19297-1
First edition
2019-05
Intelligent transport systems —
Shareable geospatial databases for ITS
applications —
Part 1:
Framework
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Base de données géospatiales
partageables pour applications ITS —
Partie 1: Architecture
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Shareable geospatial database framework . 2
5.1 Concept . 2
5.2 Architecture of the shareable geospatial database framework . 3
5.2.1 Tier 1 . 3
5.2.2 Tier 2 . 3
5.2.3 Tier 3 . 3
5.2.4 Tier 4 . 3
5.3 Characteristics and capabilities of the framework . 4
5.3.1 Scalable architecture . 4
5.3.2 Operational levels . 4
5.3.3 Geospatial data model types . 5
5.3.4 Real time data handling ITS applications support . 5
Annex A (informative) Geospatial data sharing . 6
Annex B (informative) Possible services with the shareable geospatial database framework .10
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19297 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The advancement of telecommunication and database technologies has helped the introduction of new
types of services such as indoor navigation and multimodal navigation deployed on rapidly proliferating
mobile devices such as smartphones. These newly emerging services may require geospatial databases
that contain diverse and detailed content beyond the map databases used in current car navigations
systems. A new database service framework that enables the usage and sharing of geospatial databases
can facilitate emerging ITS applications and services.
This document addresses a database service framework and the components of the framework based
on a federated database architecture commonly adopted to resolve heterogeneousness between
databases. The purpose of the ISO 19297 series of standards is to promote the interoperability of
geospatial databases for both suppliers and user environments, to enable the usage and sharing of
geospatial databases and to facilitate ITS applications that satisfy market needs.
The ISO 19297 series of standards is a two-part standard. The following is a brief description of the parts.
— Part 1: Framework
ISO 19297-1 describes the concept, architecture and characteristics of the shareable geospatial
database framework and use cases. It provides an introduction to the standard series and identifies
key components of the framework, which will be developed as separate standards.
— Part 4: Common data structure
1)
ISO 19297-4 explains a common data structure for data delivery. A common data structure
transports query results to information mediators or user applications. Thus, data sources coming
from heterogeneous geospatial databases become homogenous to information mediators or user
applications.
1) To be published. Current stage: 20.00.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19297-1:2019(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Shareable geospatial
databases for ITS applications —
Part 1:
Framework
1 Scope
This document defines a shareable geospatial database service framework and provides an overview of
the ISO 19297 series of standards. This is intended to enhance user accessibility and interoperability of
databases. It does not cover ITS applications or service specific issues.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
data warehouse
special kind of database system built upon existing operational databases that plays a key role in
building a decision support system for an organization or an enterprise
3.2
federated database
collection of co-operating database systems that are autonomous and heterogeneous
3.3
feature catalogue
catalogue containing definitions and descriptions of the feature types, feature attributes and feature
relationships occurring in one or more sets of geographic data, together with any feature operations
that can be applied
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.13]
3.4
geospatial database
database that is optimized to store and query data that represents objects defined in a geometric space
3.5
indoor navigation
application of monitoring and controlling the movement of people or vehicles from one place to another
within a building
3.6
information mediator
software module that exploits encoded knowledge about certain sets or subsets of data to create
information for a higher layer of applications
3.7
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a
manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121317, modified — at the beginning of the
definition has been deleted. Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted.]
3.8
multimodal navigation
application that provides information on a trip from an origin to a destination using alternative modes
of transportation or a combination of transport modes for one trip
3.9
volunteered geographic information
harnessing of tools to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by
individuals
3.10
wrapper
software component that establishes the communication and the data flow between information
mediators (3.6) and data sources
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
DB Database
GDF Geographic Data File
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
LDM Local Dynamic Map
LDO Logical Data Organization
OLAP Online Analytical Processing
POI Point of Interest
PSF Physical Storage Format
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
5 Shareable geospatial database framework
5.1 Concept
A shareable geospatial database framework should allow diverse ITS applications to access, query,
process, and download various types of geospatial data content stored in separated databases in a
simple and unified way. The framework originates from a wrapper and information mediator-based
architecture where a pool of participating geospatial databases operated by individual organizations or
enterprises form a virtually integrated database, and the architecture makes these coupled databases
easily accessible over the internet.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
5.2 Architecture of the shareable geospatial database framework
5.2.1 Tier 1
The shareable geospatial database framework consists of four tiers (Figure 1). Tier 1 represents a pool
of service centres operated by map providers, mobile network operators, private companies, central
or local governments, and even commercial buildings (e.g. department stores) participating in the
federated database architecture. These service centres have full autonomy in their operations and
great diversity of geospatial data content.
5.2.2 Tier 2
Tier 2 denotes wrappers. A wrapper is a software component that establishes the communication and
the data flow between information mediators and data sources. Access and querying of databases by
users is transparent regardless of the database type due to the standardized interfaces of wrappers.
Wrappers are usually closely coupled with the service centre databases.
5.2.3 Tier 3
Tier 3, information mediators, exist between wrappers and user application tiers. An information
mediator is a software module that exploits encoded knowledge about certain sets or subsets of data to
[6]
create information for a higher layer of applications . An information mediator offers two important
functions: information reconciliation and information brokerage. Information reconciliation refers to
the actions of translation, distribution, and dispatching user requests to acquire proper query results.
The information brokerage function covers a series of processes so that user applications are able to get
inf
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19297-1
First edition
2019-05
Intelligent transport systems —
Shareable geospatial databases for ITS
applications —
Part 1:
Framework
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Base de données géospatiales
partageables pour applications ITS —
Partie 1: Architecture
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Shareable geospatial database framework . 2
5.1 Concept . 2
5.2 Architecture of the shareable geospatial database framework . 3
5.2.1 Tier 1 . 3
5.2.2 Tier 2 . 3
5.2.3 Tier 3 . 3
5.2.4 Tier 4 . 3
5.3 Characteristics and capabilities of the framework . 4
5.3.1 Scalable architecture . 4
5.3.2 Operational levels . 4
5.3.3 Geospatial data model types . 5
5.3.4 Real time data handling ITS applications support . 5
Annex A (informative) Geospatial data sharing . 6
Annex B (informative) Possible services with the shareable geospatial database framework .10
Bibliography .12
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19297 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The advancement of telecommunication and database technologies has helped the introduction of new
types of services such as indoor navigation and multimodal navigation deployed on rapidly proliferating
mobile devices such as smartphones. These newly emerging services may require geospatial databases
that contain diverse and detailed content beyond the map databases used in current car navigations
systems. A new database service framework that enables the usage and sharing of geospatial databases
can facilitate emerging ITS applications and services.
This document addresses a database service framework and the components of the framework based
on a federated database architecture commonly adopted to resolve heterogeneousness between
databases. The purpose of the ISO 19297 series of standards is to promote the interoperability of
geospatial databases for both suppliers and user environments, to enable the usage and sharing of
geospatial databases and to facilitate ITS applications that satisfy market needs.
The ISO 19297 series of standards is a two-part standard. The following is a brief description of the parts.
— Part 1: Framework
ISO 19297-1 describes the concept, architecture and characteristics of the shareable geospatial
database framework and use cases. It provides an introduction to the standard series and identifies
key components of the framework, which will be developed as separate standards.
— Part 4: Common data structure
1)
ISO 19297-4 explains a common data structure for data delivery. A common data structure
transports query results to information mediators or user applications. Thus, data sources coming
from heterogeneous geospatial databases become homogenous to information mediators or user
applications.
1) To be published. Current stage: 20.00.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19297-1:2019(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Shareable geospatial
databases for ITS applications —
Part 1:
Framework
1 Scope
This document defines a shareable geospatial database service framework and provides an overview of
the ISO 19297 series of standards. This is intended to enhance user accessibility and interoperability of
databases. It does not cover ITS applications or service specific issues.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
data warehouse
special kind of database system built upon existing operational databases that plays a key role in
building a decision support system for an organization or an enterprise
3.2
federated database
collection of co-operating database systems that are autonomous and heterogeneous
3.3
feature catalogue
catalogue containing definitions and descriptions of the feature types, feature attributes and feature
relationships occurring in one or more sets of geographic data, together with any feature operations
that can be applied
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.13]
3.4
geospatial database
database that is optimized to store and query data that represents objects defined in a geometric space
3.5
indoor navigation
application of monitoring and controlling the movement of people or vehicles from one place to another
within a building
3.6
information mediator
software module that exploits encoded knowledge about certain sets or subsets of data to create
information for a higher layer of applications
3.7
interoperability
capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a
manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382:2015, 2121317, modified — at the beginning of the
definition has been deleted. Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been deleted.]
3.8
multimodal navigation
application that provides information on a trip from an origin to a destination using alternative modes
of transportation or a combination of transport modes for one trip
3.9
volunteered geographic information
harnessing of tools to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic data provided voluntarily by
individuals
3.10
wrapper
software component that establishes the communication and the data flow between information
mediators (3.6) and data sources
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
DB Database
GDF Geographic Data File
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
LDM Local Dynamic Map
LDO Logical Data Organization
OLAP Online Analytical Processing
POI Point of Interest
PSF Physical Storage Format
W3C World Wide Web Consortium
5 Shareable geospatial database framework
5.1 Concept
A shareable geospatial database framework should allow diverse ITS applications to access, query,
process, and download various types of geospatial data content stored in separated databases in a
simple and unified way. The framework originates from a wrapper and information mediator-based
architecture where a pool of participating geospatial databases operated by individual organizations or
enterprises form a virtually integrated database, and the architecture makes these coupled databases
easily accessible over the internet.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
5.2 Architecture of the shareable geospatial database framework
5.2.1 Tier 1
The shareable geospatial database framework consists of four tiers (Figure 1). Tier 1 represents a pool
of service centres operated by map providers, mobile network operators, private companies, central
or local governments, and even commercial buildings (e.g. department stores) participating in the
federated database architecture. These service centres have full autonomy in their operations and
great diversity of geospatial data content.
5.2.2 Tier 2
Tier 2 denotes wrappers. A wrapper is a software component that establishes the communication and
the data flow between information mediators and data sources. Access and querying of databases by
users is transparent regardless of the database type due to the standardized interfaces of wrappers.
Wrappers are usually closely coupled with the service centre databases.
5.2.3 Tier 3
Tier 3, information mediators, exist between wrappers and user application tiers. An information
mediator is a software module that exploits encoded knowledge about certain sets or subsets of data to
[6]
create information for a higher layer of applications . An information mediator offers two important
functions: information reconciliation and information brokerage. Information reconciliation refers to
the actions of translation, distribution, and dispatching user requests to acquire proper query results.
The information brokerage function covers a series of processes so that user applications are able to get
inf
...
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