ISO/IEC 9075-14:2023

Information technology - Database languages SQL - Part 14: XML-Related Specifications (SQL/XML)

Technologies de l'information — Langages de base de données SQL — Partie 14: Spécifications relatives au XML (SQL/XML)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-May-2023
• ICS: 35.060 - Languages used in information technology
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 - Data management and interchange
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32/WG 3 - Database language
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Start Date: 22-Jun-2025
• Completion Date: 30-Oct-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 9075-14:2016/Cor 2:2022 - Information technology - Database languages - SQL - Part 14: XML-Related Specifications (SQL/XML) - Technical Corrigendum 2
• Effective Date: 11-Feb-2023

Overview - ISO/IEC 9075-14:2023 (SQL/XML)

ISO/IEC 9075-14:2023, Part 14 of the SQL standard family, defines the XML-related specifications for SQL (SQL/XML). It standardizes how XML data is represented, manipulated, validated, serialized, parsed and mapped to/from SQL constructs. The standard provides formal syntax and semantic rules for XML value expressions, XML-specific SQL functions and predicates, schema mapping, and integration points for embedded and dynamic SQL, client interfaces, and diagnostics.

Key technical topics and requirements

The standard’s table of contents shows the major technical areas it covers - key topics include:

• XML data types and value semantics
  • Definitions and behavior of SQL XML types, comparisons, assignment and operations on XML values.
• XML-specific expressions and functions
  • XML construction and manipulation constructs such as XMLQUERY, XMLPARSE, XMLVALIDATE, XMLelement, XMLforest, XMLtext and XMLconcatenation.
• Mappings between SQL and XML
  • Comprehensive mapping rules: SQL identifiers ↔ XML names, SQL datatypes ↔ XML schema datatypes, table/schema/catalog to XML elements/documents, and value conversions.
• XQuery integration and contexts
  • Rules for creating XQuery expression contexts, handling XQuery document nodes, and mapping XQuery atomic values to SQL.
• Serialization, parsing and validation
  • Serialization of XML values, parsing strings as XML, constructing copies, and validating XML against registered XML schemas.
• SQL syntax extensions and session options
  • New lexical elements, scalar expressions, predicates (XMLCONTENT, XMLEXISTS, XMLDOCUMENT, XMLVALID), XML-returning clauses and XML options for SQL sessions.
• Schema definition, manipulation and information schema
  • DDL elements for columns, views, routines and user-defined types plus Information Schema and Definition Schema views/tables for XML metadata.
• Interfaces and runtime
  • Rules for embedded SQL, dynamic SQL, call-level interfaces (CLI), SQL-invoked routines, diagnostics and privileges related to XML handling.

Practical applications and who uses it

ISO/IEC 9075-14:2023 is essential for:

• DBMS vendors implementing standardized XML storage, query and mapping behavior to ensure portability.
• Application developers building XML-enabled applications that use SQL for data access, transformation or exchange.
• Data architects / integrators designing relational-to-XML mappings for APIs, web services, data interchange, and document-centric storage.
• Tooling and middleware providers that serialize/parse/validate XML within SQL contexts (ETL, reporting, XML publishing).
• Standards bodies and auditors checking conformance and interoperability of SQL/XML implementations.

Related standards

• ISO/IEC 9075 (the broader SQL standard series) - Part 14 extends SQL with XML-specific rules.
• XML-related W3C specs commonly used alongside this standard: XML Schema (XSD) and XQuery (for expression semantics).

For implementation details, syntax and normative rules consult the full ISO/IEC 9075-14:2023 publication.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 9075-14
Sixth edition
2023-06
Information technology — Database
languages SQL —
Part 14:
XML-Related Specifications (SQL/
XML)
Technologies de l'information — Langages de base de données SQL —
Partie 14: Spécifications relatives au XML (SQL/XML)
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2023
© ISO/IEC 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.ix
Introduction.xi
1 Scope.1
2 Normativereferences.2
3 Termsanddefinitions.4
4 Concepts.14
4.1 Notationsandconventions.14
4.1.1 Notations.14
4.1.2 XML-related notations.14
4.2 Data types.15
4.2.1 Namingofpredefinedtypes.15
4.2.2 Datatypeterminology.16
4.3 XML.16
4.3.1 Introduction.16
4.3.2 XML types.16
4.3.3 CharacteristicsofXMLvalues.17
4.3.4 XMLcomparisonandassignment.18
4.3.5 OperationsinvolvingXMLvalues.18
4.3.6 RegisteredXMLschemas.20
4.4 Dataconversions.21
4.5 Dataanalysisoperations.22
4.5.1 Aggregate functions.22
4.6 SQL-invokedroutines.22
4.6.1 Routine descriptors.22
4.7 SQL-statements.23
4.7.1 SQL-statementsclassifiedbyfunction.23
4.7.1.1 SQL-sessionstatements.23
4.8 Basicsecuritymodel.23
4.8.1 Privileges.23
4.9 SQL-sessions.23
4.9.1 SQL-sessionproperties.23
4.10 XMLnamespaces.24
4.11 Overviewofmappings.24
4.11.1 Introductiontomappings.24
4.11.2 MappingSQLcharactersetstoUnicode.25
4.11.3 MappingUnicodetoSQLcharactersets.25
4.11.4 MappingSQLstoXML.25
4.11.5 MappingXMLnamestoSQL.25
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ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
4.11.6 MappingSQLdatatypestoXML.26
4.11.7 MappingvaluesofSQLdatatypestoXML.27
4.11.8 MappingXQueryatomicvaluestoSQLvalues.28
4.11.9 Visibilityofcolumns,tables,andschemasinmappingsfromSQLtoXML.29
4.11.10 MappinganSQLtabletoXML.29
4.11.11 MappinganSQLschematoXML.30
4.11.12 MappinganSQLcatalogtoXML.30
5 Lexicalelements.32
5.1 and.32
5.2 .34
5.3 Namesandidentifiers.35
6 Scalarexpressions.36
6.1 .36
6.2 .39
6.3 .40
6.4 and.41
6.5 .42
6.6 .43
6.7 .46
6.8 .54
6.9 .55
6.10 .60
6.11 .61
6.12 .62
6.13 .64
6.14 .66
6.15 .68
6.16 .72
6.17 .75
6.18 .77
6.19 .80
6.20 .86
6.21 .88
7 Queryexpressions.93
7.1 .93
7.2 .97
8 Predicates.98
8.1 .98
8.2 .99
8.3 .100
8.4 .102
8.5 .103
9 Mappings.108
9.1 MappingSQLstoXMLnames.108
9.2 Mappingamulti-partSQLnametoanXMLname.111
9.3 MappingXMLnamestoSQLs.113
iv ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
9.4 MappinganSQLdatatypetoanXMLname.115
9.5 MappingSQLdatatypestoXMLschemadatatypes.120
9.6 MappinganSQLdatatypetoanamedXMLschemadatatype.139
9.7 MappingacollectionofSQLdatatypestoXMLschemadatatypes.142
9.8 MappingvaluesofSQLdatatypestovaluesofXMLschemadatatypes.144
9.9 MappinganSQLtabletoXMLschemadatatypes.150
9.10 MappinganSQLtabletoanXMLelementorasequenceofXMLelements.154
9.11 MappinganSQLtabletoXMLandanXMLschemadocument.158
9.12 MappinganSQLschematoXMLschemadatatypes.163
9.13 MappinganSQLschematoanXMLelement.166
9.14 MappinganSQLschematoanXMLdocumentandanXMLschemadocument.169
9.15 MappinganSQLcatalogtoXMLschemadatatypes.174
9.16 MappinganSQLcatalogtoanXMLelement.176
9.17 MappinganSQLcatalogtoanXMLdocumentandanXMLschemadocument.179
10 Additionalcommonrules.184
10.1 Retrieval assignment.184
10.2 Store assignment.186
10.3 Resultofdatatypecombinations.188
10.4 Typeprecedencelistdetermination.190
10.5 Typenamedetermination.191
10.6 Determinationofidenticalvalues.192
10.7 DeterminationofequivalentXMLvalues.193
10.8 Equality operations.196
10.9 Groupingoperations.197
10.10 Multisetelementgroupingoperations.198
10.11 Orderingoperations.199
10.12 Potentialsourcesofnon-determinism.200
10.13 InvokinganSQL-invokedroutine.202
10.14 DeterminationofnamespaceURI.205
10.15 ConstructionofanXMLelement.207
10.16 ConcatenationoftwoXMLvalues.210
10.17 SerializationofanXMLvalue.211
10.18 ParsingastringasanXMLvalue.216
10.19 RemovingXQuerydocumentnodesfromanXQuerysequence.220
10.20 ConstructingacopyofanXMLvalue.222
10.21 ConstructinganunvalidatedXQuerydocumentnode.223
10.22 CreationofanXQueryexpressioncontext.224
10.23 DeterminationofanXQueryformaltypenotation.227
10.24 ValidatinganXQuerydocumentorelementnode.230
11 Additionalcommonelements.232
11.1 .232
11.2 .235
11.3 .237
11.4 .238
11.5 .239
12 Schemadefinitionandmanipulation.242
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ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
12.1 .242
12.2 .244
12.3 .245
12.4 .246
12.5 .248
12.6 .249
12.7 .250
12.8 .251
12.9 .255
13 SQL-clientmodules.256
13.1 .256
13.2 .258
13.3 Datatypecorrespondences.259
14 Data manipulation.261
14.1 .261
14.2 .263
14.3 .265
14.4 .266
14.5 .267
14.6 .268
14.7 .269
15 Controlstatements.270
15.1 .270
15.2 .272
16 Sessionmanagement.274
16.1 .274
17 DynamicSQL.275
17.1 DescriptionofSQLdescriptorareas.275
17.2 .276
17.3 .277
17.4 .278
18 EmbeddedSQL.279
18.1 .279
18.2 .284
18.3 .287
18.4 .291
18.5 .294
18.6 .297
18.7 .300
19 Call-LevelInterfacespecifications.304
19.1 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondences.304
20 Diagnosticsmanagement.306
20.1 .306
21 InformationSchema.307
21.1 InformationSchemadigitalartifact.307
vi ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
21.2 NCNAME domain.307
21.3 URIdomain.308
21.4 ATTRIBUTES view.309
21.5 COLUMNSview.310
21.6 DOMAINS view.311
21.7 ELEMENT_TYPESview.312
21.8 FIELDS view.313
21.9 METHOD_SPECIFICATION_PARAMETERSview.314
21.10 METHOD_SPECIFICATIONS view.315
21.11 PARAMETERSview.316
21.12 ROUTINESview.318
21.13 XML_SCHEMA_ELEMENTS view.320
21.14 XML_SCHEMA_NAMESPACESview.321
21.15 XML_SCHEMASview.322
21.16 Shortnameviews.323
22 DefinitionSchema.333
22.1 DefinitionSchemadigitalartifact.333
22.2 DATA_TYPE_DESCRIPTORbasetable.333
22.3 PARAMETERSbasetable.339
22.4 ROUTINESbasetable.341
22.5 USAGE_PRIVILEGESbasetable.343
22.6 XML_SCHEMA_ELEMENTSbasetable.344
22.7 XML_SCHEMA_NAMESPACESbasetable.346
22.8 XML_SCHEMASbasetable.347
23 SQL/XMLXMLschema.349
24 Statuscodes.353
24.1 SQLSTATE.353
25 Conformance.355
25.1 ClaimsofconformancetoSQL/XML.355
25.2 AdditionalconformancerequirementsforSQL/XML.356
25.3 ImpliedfeaturerelationshipsofSQL/XML.357
AnnexA(informative) SQLconformancesummary.365
AnnexB(informative) Implementation-defined elements.402
AnnexC(informative) Implementation-dependent elements.417
AnnexD(informative) SQLoptionalfeaturetaxonomy.419
AnnexE(informative) Deprecatedfeatures.425
AnnexF(informative) IncompatibilitieswithISO/IEC9075:2016.426
AnnexG(informative) DefectReportsnotaddressedinthisdocument.427
Bibliography.428
Index.429
©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved vii

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
Tables
Table Page
1 PermanentlyregisteredXMLschemas.21
2 XMLnamespaceprefixesandtheirURIs.24
3 ConstrainingfacetsofXMLschemaintegertypes.126
4 XQuerynodeproperties.194
5 DatatypecorrespondencesforAda.259
6 DatatypecorrespondencesforC.259
7 DatatypecorrespondencesforCOBOL.259
8 DatatypecorrespondencesforFortran.259
9 DatatypecorrespondencesforM.260
10 DatatypecorrespondencesforPascal.260
11 DatatypecorrespondencesforPL/I.260
12 CodesusedforSQLdatatypesinDynamicSQL.275
13 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondencesforAda.304
14 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondencesforC.304
15 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondencesforCOBOL.304
16 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondencesforFortran.305
17 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondencesforM.305
18 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondencesforPascal.305
19 SQL/CLIdatatypecorrespondencesforPL/I.305
20 SQL-statementcodes.306
21 SQLSTATEclassandsubclasscodes.353
22 ImpliedfeaturerelationshipsofSQL/XML.357
A.1 FeaturedefinitionsoutsideofConformanceRules.365
D.1 Featuretaxonomyforoptionalfeatures.419
viii ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial
rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or
www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC have
not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However,
implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained
from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall
not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange.
This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition (ISO/IEC 9075-14:2016), which has been
technically revised. It also incorporates the Technical Corrigenda ISO/IEC 9075-14:2016/Cor.1:2019 and
ISO/IEC 9075-14:2016/Cor.2:2022.
The main changes are as follows:
— improve the presentation and accuracy of the summaries of implementation-defined and
implementation-dependent aspects of this document;
— introduction of several digital artifacts;
— alignment with updated ISO house style and other guidelines for creating standards.
© ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved ix

This sixth edition of ISO/IEC 9075-14 is designed to be used in conjunction with the following editions of
other parts of the ISO/IEC 9075 series, all published in 2023:
— ISO/IEC 9075-1, sixth edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-2, sixth edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-3, sixth edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-4, seventh edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-9, fifth edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-10, fifth edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-11, fifth edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-13, fifth edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-15, second edition;
— ISO/IEC 9075-16, first edition.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 9075 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-
committees.
x © ISO/IEC 2023 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
Introduction
Theorganizationofthisdocumentisasfollows:
1) Clause1,“Scope”,specifiesthescopeofthisdocument.
2) Clause2,“Normativereferences”,identifiesadditionalstandardsthat,throughreferenceinthis
document,constituteprovisionsofthisdocument.
3) Clause3,“Termsanddefinitions”,definesthetermsanddefinitionsusedinthisdocument.
4) Clause4,“Concepts”,presentsconceptsrelatedtothisdocument.
5) Clause5,“Lexicalelements”,definesthelexicalelementsofthelanguage.
6) Clause6,“Scalarexpressions”,definestheelementsofthelanguagethatproducescalarvalues.
7) Clause7,“Queryexpressions”,definestheelementsofthelanguagethatproducerowsandtables
ofdata.
8) Clause8,“Predicates”,definesthepredicatesofthelanguage.
9) Clause9,“Mappings”,definesthewaysinwhichcertainSQLinformationcanbemappedintoXML
andcertainXMLinformationcanbemappedintoSQL.
10) Clause10,“Additionalcommonrules”,specifiestherulesforassignmentsthatretrievedatafrom
orstoredataintoSQL-data,andformationrulesforsetoperations.
11) Clause11,“Additionalcommonelements”,definesadditionallanguageelementsthatareusedin
variouspartsofthelanguage.
12) Clause12,“Schemadefinitionandmanipulation”,definesfacilitiesforcreatingandmanaginga
schema.
13) Clause13,“SQL-clientmodules”,definesSQL-clientmodulesandexternally-invokedprocedures.
14) Clause14,“Datamanipulation”,definesthedatamanipulationstatements.
15) Clause15,“Controlstatements”,definestheSQL-controlstatements.
16) Clause16,“Sessionmanagement”,definestheSQL-sessionmanagementstatements.
17) Clause17,“DynamicSQL”,definestheSQLdynamicstatements.
18) Clause18,“EmbeddedSQL”,definesthehostlanguageembeddings.
19) Clause19,“Call-LevelInterfacespecifications”,
20) Clause20,“Diagnosticsmanagement”,definesthediagnosticsmanagementfacilities.
21) Clause21,“InformationSchema”,definesviewedtablesthatcontainschemainformation.
22) Clause22,“DefinitionSchema”,definesbasetablesonwhichtheviewedtablescontainingschema
informationdepend.
23) Clause23,“SQL/XMLXMLschema”,definesthecontentofanXMLnamespacethatisusedwhen
SQLandXMLareutilizedtogether.
24) Clause24,“Statuscodes”,definesvaluesthatidentifythestatusoftheexecutionofSQL-statements
andthemechanismsbywhichthosevaluesarereturned.
25) Clause25,“Conformance”,specifiesthewayinwhichconformancetothisdocumentmaybeclaimed.
©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved xi

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
26) AnnexA,“SQLconformancesummary”,isaninformativeAnnex.Itsummarizestheconformance
requirementsoftheSQLlanguage.
27) AnnexB,“Implementation-definedelements”,isaninformativeAnnex.Itliststhosefeaturesfor
whichthebodyofthisdocumentstatesthatthesyntax,themeaning,thereturnedresults,theeffect
onSQL-dataand/orschemas,orotheraspectispartlyorwhollyimplementation-defined.
28) AnnexC,“Implementation-dependentelements”,isaninformativeAnnex.Itliststhosefeaturesfor
whichthebodyofthisdocumentstatesthatthesyntax,themeaning,thereturnedresults,theeffect
onSQL-dataand/orschemas,orotheraspectispartlyorwhollyimplementation-dependent.
29) AnnexD,“SQLoptionalfeaturetaxonomy”,isaninformativeAnnex.Itidentifiestheoptionalfeatures
oftheSQLlanguagespecifiedinthisdocumentbyanidentifierandashortdescriptivename.This
taxonomyisusedtospecifyconformance.
30) AnnexE,“Deprecatedfeatures”,isaninformativeAnnex.Itlistsfeaturesthattheresponsible
TechnicalCommitteeintendsnottoincludeinafutureeditionofthisdocument.
31) AnnexF,“IncompatibilitieswithISO/IEC9075:2016”,isaninformativeAnnex.Itlistsincompatib-
ilitieswiththepreviouseditionofthisdocument.
32) AnnexG,“DefectReportsnotaddressedinthisdocument”,isaninformativeAnnex.Itdescribes
theDefectReportsthatwereknownatthetimeofpublicationofthisdocument.Eachofthese
problemsisaproblemcarriedforwardfromthepreviouseditionoftheISO/IEC9075series.No
newproblemshavebeencreatedinthedraftingofthiseditionofthisdocument.
Inthetextofthisdocument,inClause5,“Lexicalelements”,throughClause25,“Conformance”,Subclauses
beginnewpages.Anyresultingblankspaceisnotsignificant.
xii ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 9075-14:2023(E)
Informationtechnology—DatabaselanguageSQL—
Part14:
XML-RelatedSpecifications(SQL/XML)
1 Scope
ThisdocumentdefineswaysinwhichDatabaseLanguageSQLcanbeusedinconjunctionwithXML.
©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved 1

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
2 Normativereferences
Thefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconsti-
tutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundated
references,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.
ISO/IEC9075-1,Informationtechnology—Databaselanguages—SQL—Part1:Framework
(SQL/Framework)
ISO/IEC9075-2,Informationtechnology—Databaselanguages—SQL—Part2:Foundation
(SQL/Foundation)
ISO/IEC9075-3,Informationtechnology—Databaselanguages—SQL—Part3:Call-LevelInterface
(SQL/CLI)
ISO/IEC9075-4,Informationtechnology—Databaselanguages—SQL—Part4:PersistentStored
Modules(SQL/PSM)
ISO/IEC9075-11,Informationtechnology—Databaselanguages—SQL—Part11:Informationand
DefinitionSchemas(SQL/Schemata)
W3CCanonicalXML1.1CanonicalXML,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Boyer,John;Marcy,Glenn
2May2008
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14n
W3CXMLInformationSetXMLInformationSet,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Cowan,John;Tobin,
Richard4February2004
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-infoset
W3CXMLNamespacesXMLNamespacesisusedtoreferenceeitherNamespacesinXML1.0orNamespaces
inXML1.1whenthereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwoforthepurposesofagivencitation
W3CNamespacesinXML1.0NamespacesinXML1.0,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Bray,Tim,et
al.8December2009
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names
W3CNamespacesinXML1.1NamespacesinXML1.1,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Bray,Tim,et
al.16August2006
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xml-names11
InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)RFC3986,UniformResourceIdentifier(URI):GenericSyntax.
Editedby:Berners-Lee,T.,Fielding,R.,Masinter,L.January2005
Availableat:https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt
W3CXMLSchemaPart1:StructuresXMLSchemaPart1:Structures,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:
Thompson,HenrySetal.28October2004
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/
W3CXMLSchemaPart2:DatatypesXMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:
Biron,PaulV.;Malhotra,Ashok28October2004
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/
1 XMLNamespacesisusedtoreferenceeitherNamespacesinXML1.0orNamespacesinXML1.1whenthereisnosignificant
differencebetweenthetwoforthepurposesofagivencitation.
2 XMLisusedtoreferenceeitherXML1.0orXML1.1whenthereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwoforthepurposes
ofagivencitation.
2 ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
2 Normativereferences
W3CXSLTandXQuerySerialization3.1XSLTandXQuerySerialization3.1,W3CRecommendation.
Editedby:ColemanAndrew;Sperberg-McQueen,CM.21March2017
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-xquery-serialization-31/
TheUnicodeConsortium.TheUnicodeStandard(InformationaboutthelatestversionoftheUnicode
standardcanbefoundbyusingthe“LatestVersion”linkonthe“EnumeratedVersionsofTheUnicode
Standard”page.)[online].MountainView,California,USA:TheUnicodeConsortium,Availableat
https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html
W3CUnicodeinXMLandOtherMarkupLanguagesUnicodeinXMLandOtherMarkupLanguages,W3C
WorkingGroupNote.Editedby:Phillips,Addison13July2017
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/unicode-xml/
XMLisusedtoreferenceeitherXML1.0orXML1.1whenthereisnosignificantdifferencebetweenthe
twoforthepurposesofagivencitation.[Placeofpublicationunknown]:
W3CXML1.0ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)Version1.0,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Bray,
Timetal.26November2008,revised7February2013
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xml
W3CXML1.1ExtensibleMarkupLanguage(XML)Version1.1,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Bray,
Timetal.16August2006,revised29September2006
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xml11
W3CXMLPathLanguage(XPath)3.1XMLPathLanguage(XPath)3.1,W3CRecommendation.Edited
by:Robie,J;Dyck,M;&Spiegel,J.21March2017
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-31/
W3CXQuery3.1:anXMLQueryLanguageXQuery3.1:anXMLQueryLanguage,W3CRecommendation.
Editedby:Robie,J;Dyck,M;&Spiegel,J.21March2017
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-31/
W3CXQueryandXPathDataModel3.1XQueryandXPathDataModel3.1,W3CRecommendation.Edited
by:Walsh,N.;Snelson,J.;&Coleman,A.21March2017
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel/
W3CXQueryandXPathFunctionsandOperators3.1XQueryandXPathFunctionsandOperators3.1,
W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Malhotra,Ashoketal.21March2017
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-functions/
W3CXQuery1.0andXPath2.0FormalSemanticsXQuery1.0andXPath2.0FormalSemantics,W3C
Recommendation.Editedby:Draper,Denise,etal.14December2010,revised7September2015
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-semantics/
W3CXQueryUpdateFacility1.0XQueryUpdateFacility1.0,W3CRecommendation.Editedby:Robie,
Jonathanetal.17March2011
Availableat:https://www.w3.org/TR/xquery-update-10/
©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved 3

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
3 Termsanddefinitions
Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO/IEC9075-1,ISO/IEC9075-2,
andthefollowingapply.
ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:
— ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IECElectropedia:availableathttps://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
DTD
XML1.0documenttypedeclaration(3.2)orXML1.1documenttypedeclaration(3.3)
3.2
XML1.0documenttypedeclaration
declarationthatcontainsorpointstomarkupdeclarationsthatprovideagrammarforaclassofdocuments
asdefinedinXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,2.8]
3.3
XML1.1documenttypedeclaration
declarationthatcontainsorpointstomarkupdeclarationsthatprovideagrammarforaclassofdocuments
asdefinedinXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,2.8]
3.4
XMLdocument
XML1.0document(3.5)orXML1.1document(3.6)
3.5
XML1.0document
well-formedXMLdocument,asdefinedinXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,2.1]
3.6
XML1.1document
well-formedXMLdocument,asdefinedinXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,2.1]
3.7
annotation
annotationschemacomponent,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,3.13]
3.8
facet
facet,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,2.4]
4 ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
3 Termsanddefinitions
3.9
wildcardschemacomponent
wildcardschemacomponent,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,3.10.2]
3.10
XMLschema
XMLSchema,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,2.1]
3.11
allgroupcontentmodel
contentmodelofanXMLschemacomplextypedescribedwithxs:allasdefinedinXMLSchemaPart
1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,3.8]
3.12
canonicalXMLschemaliteral
canonicallexicalrepresentationforanXMLschematypeXST,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,
basedonCanonicalXML1.1
Note1toentry:ThereisauniquecanonicalXMLschemaliteralforeachvalueinthevaluespaceofXST.
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,2.3.1]
3.13
emptyXQuerysequence
emptysequence,asdefinedinXQueryandXPathDataModel3.1
[SOURCE:XQueryandXPathDataModel3.1,2.5]
3.14
globalelementdeclarationschemacomponent
elementdeclarationschemacomponentofaglobalelementdeclaration,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart
1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,3.3.2]
3.15
metadata
dataaboutdata
Note1toentry:Inthisdocument,metadataisincludedintabledescriptors,columndescriptors,andso
forth,asdefinedinISO/IEC9075-2
3.16
sequencecontentmodel
contentmodelofanXMLschemacomplextypedescribedwithxs:sequenceasdefinedinXMLSchema
Part1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,3.3.2]
3.17
SQLvaluespace
setofallvaluesforaparticularSQL
3.18
URI
UniformResourceIdentifierasdefinedinRFC3986
©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved 5

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
3 Termsanddefinitions
3.19
validXMLcharacter
ifFeatureX211,“XML1.1support”,issupported,thenavalidXML1.1character(3.21);otherwise,a
validXML1.0character(3.20)
3.20
validXML1.0character
validcharacterasdefinedinXML1.0,rule[2],“Char”
[SOURCE:XML1.0,2.2]
3.21
validXML1.1character
validcharacterasdefinedinXML1.1,rule[2],“Char”
[SOURCE:XML1.1,2.2]
3.22
XMLattribute
XML1.0attribute(3.23)orXML1.1attribute(3.24)
3.23
XML1.0attribute
attribute,asdefinedinXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,3.3]
3.24
XML1.1attribute
attribute,asdefinedinXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,3.3]
3.25
XMLattributeinformationitem
attributeinformationitem,asdefinedinXMLInformationSet
[SOURCE:XMLInformationSet,2.3]
3.26
XMLcharacterinformationitem
characterinformationitem,asdefinedinXMLInformationSet
[SOURCE:XMLInformationSet,2.6]
3.27
XMLdeclaration
XML1.0declaration(3.28)orXML1.1declaration(3.29)
3.28
XML1.0declaration
XMLDecl,asdefinedinXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,2.8]
3.29
XML1.1declaration
XMLDecl,asdefinedinXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,2.8]
6 ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
3 Termsanddefinitions
3.30
XMLdocumentinformationitem
documentinformationitem,asdefinedinXMLInformationSet
[SOURCE:XMLInformationSet,2.1]
3.31
XMLelement
XML1.0element(3.32)orXML1.1element(3.33)
3.32
XML1.0element
element,asdefinedinXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,3.2]
3.33
XML1.1element
element,asdefinedinXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,3.2]
3.34
XMLelementinformationitem
elementinformationitem,asdefinedinXMLInformationSet
[SOURCE:XMLInformationSet,2.2]
3.35
XMLinformationitem
informationitem,asdefinedinXMLInformationSet
[SOURCE:XMLInformationSet,2]
3.36
XML1.0Name
NameasdefinedbyXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,2.3]
3.37
XML1.1Name
NameasdefinedbyXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,2.3]
3.38
XML1.0NameChar
NameCharasdefinedbyXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,2.3]
3.39
XML1.1NameChar
NameCharasdefinedbyXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,2.3]
3.40
XML1.1NameStartChar
NameStartCharasdefinedbyXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,2.3]
©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved 7

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
3 Termsanddefinitions
3.41
XMLnamespace
XML1.0namespace(3.42)orXML1.1namespace(3.43)
3.42
XML1.0namespace
XMLnamespace,asdefinedinNamespacesinXML1.0
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.0,2]
3.43
XML1.1namespace
XMLnamespace,asdefinedinNamespacesinXML1.1
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.1,2]
3.44
XMLnamespaceprefix
XML1.0namespaceprefix(3.45)orXML1.1namespaceprefix(3.46)
3.45
XML1.0namespaceprefix
XMLnamespaceprefix,asdefinedinNamespacesinXML1.0
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.0,3]
3.46
XML1.1namespaceprefix
XMLnamespaceprefix,asdefinedinNamespacesinXML1.1
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.1,3]
3.47
XML1.0NCName
NCName,asdefinedbyrule[4]inNamespacesinXML1.0
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.0,3]
3.48
XML1.1NCName
NCName,asdefinedbyrule[4]inNamespacesinXML1.1
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.1,3]
3.49
XML1.0QName
QName,asdefinedbyrule[7]ofNamespacesinXML1.0
[SOURCE:XML1.0,4]
3.50
XML1.1QName
QName,asdefinedbyrule[7]ofNamespacesinXML1.1
[SOURCE:XML1.1,4]
3.51
XMLQnameprefix
XML1.0QNameprefix(3.52)orXML1.1QNameprefix(3.53)
8 ©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
3 Termsanddefinitions
3.52
XML1.0QNameprefix
Prefix,asdefinedbyrule[10]ofNamespacesinXML1.0
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.0,4]
3.53
XML1.1QNameprefix
Prefix,asdefinedbyrule[10]ofNamespacesinXML1.1
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.1,4]
3.54
XML1.0QNamelocalpart
LocalPart,asdefinedbyrule[11]ofNamespacesinXML1.0
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.0,4]
3.55
XML1.1QNamelocalpart
LocalPart,asdefinedbyrule[11]ofNamespacesinXML1.1
[SOURCE:NamespacesinXML1.1,4]
3.56
XMLschemabuilt-indatatype
built-indatatype,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,3]
3.57
XMLschemacomplextype
complextypedefinedbyacomplextypedefinition,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,3.4]
3.58
XMLschemadatatype
datatype,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,A]
3.59
XMLschemadocument
schemadocument,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart1:Structures
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart1:Structures,4.2]
3.60
XMLschemaprimitivetype
primitivetype,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,4.1.1]
3.61
XMLschemasimpletype
simpletypedefinedbyasimpletypedefinition,asdefinedinXMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes
[SOURCE:XMLSchemaPart2:Datatypes,4.1.2]
©ISO/IEC2023–Allrightsreserved 9

ISO/IEC9075-14:2023(E)
3 Termsanddefinitions
3.62
XMLschematype
termusedtocollectivelyrefertoXMLschemabuilt-indatatypes(3.56),XMLschemacomplextypes(3.57),
XMLschemadatatypes(3.58),andXMLschemasimpletypes(3.61),whenitisnotnecessarytodistinguish
amongthoseterms
3.63
XMLtargetnamespace
targetnamespaceasdefinedbyXMLSchemaPart1:Structures
3.64
XMLtargetnamespaceURI
URI(3.18)ofanXMLtargetnamespace(3.63)
3.65
XMLtext
characterstringthatisasubstringofatextualXML1.0contentoratextualXML1.1content,asdefined
inSubclause10.18,“Parsingastring
...