ISO 10303-55:2005
(Main)Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange — Part 55: Integrated generic resource: Procedural and hybrid representation
Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange — Part 55: Integrated generic resource: Procedural and hybrid representation
ISO 10303-55:2005 specifies resource constructs for the representation of models of the procedural or construction history type, defined in terms of the sequence of constructional operations used to build them. Representations of the operations themselves are not specified here; the mechanisms provided in this document allow the use of entity data types defined in other parts of ISO 10303 for that purpose.The following are within the scope of ISO 10303-55:2005: the specification of sequences of constructional operations for the generation of any kind of explicit representation or model; the hierarchical structuring of constructional sequences; the embedding of explicitly defined elements in constructional sequences for the representation of hybrid models; the use of representation_item definitions from other parts of ISO 10303 to represent constructional operations for instances of those representation_items; the definition of a dual representation by association of a procedural model with an explicit "current result" model, the latter acting as a representative example of the parametric family of models defined by the former; the association of design rationale information with a procedural model; the identification, in a procedural model, of explicit elements selected by interactive picking from the visual display of the model in the sending system; the identification, in a procedural model, of constructional operations that can be suppressed for purposes of model simplification; specialization of the foregoing capabilities for the procedural representation of shape models.
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Représentation et échange de données de produits — Partie 55: Ressources génériques intégrées: Représentation procédurale et hybride
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10303-55
First edition
2005-02-01
Industrial automation systems — Product
data representation and exchange —
Part 55:
Integrated generic resource: Procedural
and hybrid representation
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle — Représentation et échange
de données de produits —
Partie 55: Ressources génériques intégrées — Représentation
procédurale et hybride
Reference number
ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
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Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . 1
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . 2
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . . . . . . 2
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1 . . . . . . 2
3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-11 . . . . . . . . 3
3.3 Terms defined in ISO 10303-42 . . . . . . . . 3
3.4 Terms defined in ISO 10303-43 . . . . . . . . 3
3.5 Terms defined in ISO 10303-108 . . . . . . . . 4
3.6 Other terms and definitions . . . . . . 5
3.7 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . 5
4 Procedural model . . . . . . . . 6
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 Fundamental concepts and assumptions . . . . . 6
4.2.1 Procedural models . . . . . . . 7
4.2.2 Hybrid models . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.3 Explicit selected elements . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.4 Dual models . . . . . . . 9
4.2.5 Representation of constructional operations in procedural models . . 10
4.2.6 Implicit and explicit constraints . . . . . 11
4.2.7 Suppression of constructional operations . . . . 12
4.2.8 Exchange of procedural and hybrid models . . . . 12
4.2.9 Variational cases of procedural and hybrid models . . . . 12
4.3 Procedural model entity definitions . . . . . . 13
4.3.1 explicit procedural representation relationship . . . . . . 13
4.3.2 explicit procedural representation item relationship . . . 14
4.3.3 procedural representation . . . . . . . . 15
4.3.4 procedural representation sequence . . . . . . . 16
4.3.5 user selected elements . . . . . . 17
4.3.6 indirectly selected elements . . . . . . . 18
5 Procedural shape model . . . . . . . . 20
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.2 Fundamental concepts and assumptions . . . . . 20
5.2.1 Procedural shape models . . . . . . 21
5.2.2 Hybrid shape models . . . . . . 22
5.2.3 Explicit selected elements in a shape model . . . . 22
5.2.4 Dual shape representations . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.5 Design rationale for shape models . . . . . 22
5.3 Procedural shape model type definitions . . . . . 23
5.3.1 shape representation item . . . . . . . . 23
5.4 Procedural shape model entity definitions . . . . . . . 23
5.4.1 explicit procedural shape representation relationship. . . 23
5.4.2 explicit procedural geometric representation item relationship . . 24
5.4.3 procedural shape representation . . . . . 25
5.4.4 procedural shape representation sequence . . . . 25
5.4.5 procedural solid representation sequence . . . . 26
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
5.4.6 procedural surface representation sequence . . . . 27
5.4.7 procedural wireframe representation sequence . . . . . . 28
5.4.8 user selected shape elements . . . . . . 28
5.4.9 indirectly selected shape elements . . . . . . . 29
Annex A (normative) Short names of entities. . . . . 31
Annex B (normative) Information object registration . . . . 32
B.1 Document identification . . . . . . . 32
B.2 Schema identification . . . . . . . . . 32
B.2.1 procedural model schema identification . . . . . 32
B.2.2 procedural shape model schema identification . . . . . . 32
Annex C (informative) Computer interpretable listings . . . . 33
Annex D (informative) EXPRESS-G diagrams . . . . . 34
Annex E (informative) Examples of the use of this part of ISO 10303 . . . 38
E.1 Example of non-geometric application of procedural modelling . . . . . 38
E.2 Example of intended usage of the procedural shape model schema . . 38
E.3 Example of the use of variational (parameterization and constraint) information with a
procedural model . . . . . . . 40
E.4 Example of the embedding of operation sequences and the recording of design rationale 45
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . 47
Index . . . . . . . . . . 48
Figures
Figure 1 Schema level diagram of relationships among ISO 10303-55 schemas (inside the
box) and other resource schemas . . . . . . viii
Figure D.1 procedural model schema – EXPRESS-G diagram 1 of 1 . . . 35
Figure D.2 procedural shape model schema – EXPRESS-G diagram 1 of 2 . . . . 36
Figure D.3 procedural shape model schema – EXPRESS-G diagram 2 of 2 . . . . 37
Figure E.1 Relationships between instances of procedural, variational and explicit models for
the cases of (a) no variational model, (b) no procedural model, and (c) all three models. . . 42
Table
A.1 Short names of entities . . . . . . . . . 31
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical com-
mittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical stan-
dardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Stan-
dards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication
as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 10303 may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10303-55 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184/SC 4, Industrial automation systems
and integration, Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
ISO 10303 consists of a series of parts, under the general title Industrial automation systems and
integration — Product data representation and exchange. The structure of ISO 10303 is described in
ISO 10303-1.
Each part of ISO 10303 is a member of one of the following series: description methods, implementation
methods, conformance testing methodology and framework, integrated generic
resources, integrated application resources, application protocols, abstract test suites, application
interpreted constructs, and application modules. This part is a member of the integrated generic
resources series. The integrated generic resources and the integrated application resources specify a
single conceptual product data model.
A complete list of parts of ISO 10303 is available from the Internet:
Should further parts of ISO 10303 be published, they will follow the same numbering pattern.
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
Introduction
ISO 10303 is an International Standard for the computer-interpretable representation of product infor-
mation and for the exchange of product data. The objective is to provide a neutral mechanism capable of
describing products throughout their life cycle. This mechanism is suitable not only for neutral file ex-
change, but also as a basis for implementing and sharing product databases, and as a basis for archiving.
This part of ISO 10303 is a member of the integrated resources series. Major subdivisions of this part of
ISO 10303 are:
— Procedural model schema;
— Procedural shape model schema.
This part of ISO 10303 provides general mechanisms for the representation of models defined in terms
of the operations used to construct them. The constructional operations themselves are represented by
entity data types defined in other parts of ISO 10303, interpreted as constructors. Procedural models
have the advantage of being easy to edit, simply by changing values of parameters used as arguments of
their constructional operations. Such models are said to embody design intent information, in the sense
that modifications to them conform to the scheme of parameterization imposed by their original creator,
and also comply with any constraints implied by the particular constructional operations used. Thus the
transfer of a procedural model into a receiving system carries with it information as to how the model
will behave when edited following the transfer.
However, procedural models also have the disadvantage of containing (in their purest form) little or no
explicit information about the result of actually performing the sequence of operations. This fact makes
them unsuitable as a basis for the automation of many engineering processes that depend on the use of
explicit geometric information, for example numerically controlled machining or inspection.
Systems for engineering purposes commonly achieve the advantages of both modelling approaches
through the use of a dual representation, comprising a primary representation of the procedural or con-
struction history type together with a secondary explicit representation. Other ISO 10303 resources pro-
vide the elements needed for explicit representions. This part of the standard not only specifies resources
for procedural representations but also provides a dual model capability by enabling the association of
such a model with its corresponding explicit counterpart.
The initial focus of this part of ISO 10303 was to allow the capture and exchange of CAD shape rep-
resentations of the procedural and hybrid types (a hybrid representation is basically procedural but also
contains some explicit elements). However, the capabilities provided also have general applicability
for the transfer of any type of procedurally represented or hybrid model, whether geometric or non-
geometric. In the case of shape models, ISO 10303-42 is the primary resource for the corresponding
explicit representations.
Because procedural representations are inherently parametric, they can be edited by changing the values
of input arguments of constructional procedures. However, this requires that the system operator has
an appropriate level of understanding of the rationale underlying the original constructional method. At
the time of writing, no method is known for capturing design rationale information automatically during
model construction, and provision is therefore made in this part of ISO 10303 for its representation as
descriptive text, assumed to be supplied by the original designer.
It is useful to emphasize the distinction between design intent and design rationale. Design intent is cap-
tured in the schemes of parameterization and constraints imposed upon models during their construction.
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
It therefore governs the ways in which a model may be edited. Design rationale, on the other hand, is
concerned with the reasons why a particular configuration or constructional process was adopted, and
therefore with the logic underlying the design intent.
The industry motivation for the exchange of procedural, hybrid and dual representations arises from the
difficulties that have been encountered in the editing of ISO 10303 explicit models in a receiving system,
following a model transfer. If only an explicit model is transferred, as in the past, the design intent
embodied in the procedural component of the dual model in the sending system is lost in the transfer.
The consequences are that received model is incomplete in vital respects, and that editing it is difficult
or impossible.
Three books and a conference paper providing further background on the topics covered by this part of
ISO 10303 are given in the Bibliography [6 – 9].
The contents of the two schemas making up this part of ISO 10303 are as follows:
procedural model schema: Fundamental mechanisms for the representation of procedural and
hybrid models, and for the capture of design rationale.
procedural shape model schema: Specialization of the foregoing schema for the specific case of
geometric models.
The relationships of the schemas in this part of ISO 10303 to other schemas that define the integrated
resources of ISO 10303 are illustrated in Figure 1 using the EXPRESS-G notation. EXPRESS-G is
defined in annex D of ISO 10303-11. The schemas occurring in Figure 1 are components of ISO 10303
integrated resources, and they are specified in the following resource parts:
product property representationschema ISO 10303-41
support resource schema ISO 10303-41
geometric model schema ISO 10303-42
geometry schema ISO 10303-42
topology schema ISO 10303-42
representationschema ISO 10303-43
variational representationschema ISO 10303-108
NOTE 1 A procedural model is a representation of a constructional process, and it may therefore be envisaged
that ISO 10303-49 (‘Process structure and properties’) [1] would be a suitable underlying resource for this part of
ISO 10303. However, the definition of ‘process’ as given in ISO 10303-49 is a narrow one:
process: a particular procedure for doing something involving one or more steps or operations. The process may
produce a product, a property of a product, or an aspect of a product.
Thus the ISO 10303-49 view of a process is one that is concerned with the generation of a physical object or
some characteristic of it. The purpose of this part of ISO 10303, by contrast, is to provide the means for capturing
and transferring constructional processes for representations or models of general objects, which only exist as
abstractions in a computer or database. For this reason, and also because advantage can be taken of the very close
relationship between procedural modelling operations and existing entities defined in other ISO 10303 integrated
resources, ISO 10303-49 has not been used as the basis for the present part of ISO 10303.
NOTE 2 In the diagram on the following page, the schemas occurring in this part of ISO 10303 are enclosed in
a heavy rectangular box. The specific entities interfaced are not indicated.
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
variational_repres-
entation_schema
procedural_model_ support_resource_
schema schema
representation_
schema
product_property_
representation_schema
geometry_schema
procedural_shape_
model_schema
topology_schema
geometric_model_
schema
Figure 1 – Schema level diagram of relationships among ISO 10303-55
schemas (inside the box) and other resource schemas
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
Industrial automation systems and integration —
Product data representation and exchange —
Part 55:
Integrated generic resource: Procedural and hybrid represen-
tation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10303 specifies resource constructs for the representation of models of the procedural
or construction history type, defined in terms of the sequence of constructional operations used to build
them. Representations of the operations themselves are not specified here; the mechanisms provided in
this document allow the use of entity data types defined in other parts of ISO 10303 for that purpose (see
clause 4.2.5).
The following are within the scope of this part of ISO 10303:
— The specification of sequences of constructional operations for the generation of any kind of explicit
representation or model;
— The hierarchical structuring of constructional sequences;
— The embedding of explicitly defined elements in constructional sequences for the representation of
hybrid models;
— The use of representation item definitions from other parts of ISO 10303 to represent construc-
tional operations for instances of those representation items;
— The definition of a dual representation by association of a procedural model with an explicit ‘cur-
rent result’ model, the latter acting as a representative example of the parametric family of models
defined by the former;
— The association of design rationale information with a procedural model;
— The identification, in a procedural model, of explicit elements selected by interactive picking from
the visual display of the model in the sending system;
— The identification, in a procedural model, of constructional operations that can be suppressed for
purposes of model simplification;
— Specialization of the foregoing capabilities for the procedural representation of shape models.
The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO 10303:
— Any mechanism for the ‘persistent naming’ of elements of an explicit model based on details of the
procedural sequence used to create them;
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
— ‘Macro’ capabilities requiring the use of control structures such as IF. THEN. ELSE or REPEAT.
UNTIL. Such structures are defined in ISO 10303-11 for use in local and global rules, but no
analogous facilities are provided in this document to allow conditional operations in procedural
models.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8824-1, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Specification of
basic notation.
ISO 10303-1, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles.
ISO 10303-11, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual.
ISO 10303-41, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 41: Integrated generic resource: Fundamentals of product description and support.
ISO 10303-42, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 42: Integrated generic resource: Geometric and topological representation.
ISO 10303-43, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 43: Integrated generic resource: Representation structures.
ISO 10303-108, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 108: Integrated application resource: Parameterization and constraints for explicit
geometric product models.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303-1
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-1 apply.
— application;
— application context;
— application protocol (AP);
— assembly;
— component;
— data exchange;
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
— exchange structure;
— implementation method;
— integrated resource (IR);
— product;
— product data;
— structure.
3.2 Terms defined in ISO 10303-11
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-11 apply.
— entity;
— entity data type;
— entity (data type) instance;
— instance;
— value.
3.3 Terms defined in ISO 10303-42
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-42 apply.
— boundary representation solid model (B-rep);
— constructive solid geometry (CSG);
— coordinate space;
— dimensionality;
— model space.
3.4 Terms defined in ISO 10303-43
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-43 apply.
— context of representation;
— element of representation;
— founded;
— representation.
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
3.5 Terms defined in ISO 10303-108
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following terms defined in ISO 10303-108 apply.
NOTE The capabilities specified in ISO 10303-108 are very closely related to those specified in this part of ISO
10303. Consequently, acquaintance with these terms and their definitions is crucial for understanding the present
document.
— constraint;
— constraint solution;
— current result;
— current value;
— declarative constraint;
— declarative model;
— design intent;
— element;
— evaluated model;
— explicit constraint;
— explicit model;
— feature;
— generative model;
— history-based model;
— hybrid model;
— implicit constraint;
— model parameter;
— procedural constraint;
— procedural model;
— sketch;
— unevaluated model;
— variational.
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
3.6 Other terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303, the following definitions apply.
3.6.1
design rationale
logic underlying the methodology used in constructing the design
3.6.2
dual model
combination of a procedural or hybrid representation with an explicit representation, the second of which
represents an example of the parametric class of models defined by the first
3.7 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this part of ISO 10303 the following abbreviations apply:
AP application protocol (of ISO 10303)
B-rep boundary representation
CAD computer aided design
CSG constructive solid geometry
IR integrated resource (of ISO 10303)
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
4 Procedural model
The following EXPRESS declaration begins the procedural model schema and identifies the necessary
external references.
EXPRESS specification:
*)
SCHEMA procedural_model_schema;
REFERENCE FROM support_resource_schema -- ISO 10303-41
(text);
REFERENCE FROM representation_schema -- ISO 10303-43
(item_in_context,
representation,
representation_item,
representation_item_relationship,
representation_relationship,
using_representations);
REFERENCE FROM variational_representation_schema -- ISO 10303-108
(variational_representation);
(*
NOTE 1 The schemas referenced above can be found in the following parts of ISO 10303:
support resource schema ISO 10303-41
representation schema ISO 10303-43
variational representation schema ISO 10303-108
NOTE 2 See annex D, Figure D.1, for a graphical presentation of this schema.
4.1 Introduction
The subject of the procedural representation schema is representation or modelling in terms of con-
structional operations. This may be contrasted with representation or modelling in terms of elements that
are explicitly created as the result of performing those operations.
EXAMPLE ISO 10303-42 defines the entity data type manifold solid brep. This is a representation of a solid
shape in terms of the faces, edges and vertices occurring in the boundary separating the interior from the exterior
of the solid. Such a representation contains no information as to how the shape was actually created, though
whatever constructional operations were used clearly had the effect of generating all the low-level geometrical and
topological elements involved in the manifold solid brep. This part of ISO 10303 provides an alternative method
of representing such a shape, in terms of the manner of its generation.
4.2 Fundamental concepts and assumptions
This schema provides representation methods for the following:
— The specification of sequences of constructional operations for the generation of models or repre-
sentations of any type;
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ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
— The hierarchical structuring of constructional sequences;
— The embedding of explicitly defined elements in constructional sequences for the representation of
hybrid models;
— The use of representation item definitions from other parts of ISO 10303 to represent construc-
tional operations for instances of representation item in procedural and hybrid models;
— The definition of a dual representation by association of a procedural model with an explicit ‘cur-
rent result’ model, the latter acting as a representative example of the parametric family of models
defined by the former;
— The association of design rationale information with procedural models;
— The identification, in a procedural model, of explicit elements selected by interactive picking from
the visual display of the model in the sending system;
— The identification, in a procedural model, of constructional operations that can be suppressed for
purposes of model simplification.
The primary initial aim of this part of ISO 10303 is to provide the means for representing procedural and
hybrid models of geometric shapes as generated by CAD systems. For this reason, many of the examples
given in the descriptive text of this schema are concerned with aspects of CAD modelling. However,
the resource constructs provided in the schema are of general utility in the representation, exchange and
sharing of procedurally defined and hybrid models for any application. An example of a non-geometric
application of procedural modelling is given in clause E.1 of annex E.
4.2.1 Procedural models
A procedural model is represented in terms of the operations used in its creation. For this reason it is
also frequently known as a construction history model. A pure procedural model is defined exclusively
in terms of operations, and it is therefore impossible to refer in such a model to most specific constituents
of the explicit model that is generated when the operations are performed.
EXAMPLE A shape model of a cylindrical solid with radiusand heightmay be generated from a procedural
model containing just two operations:
a) Create a circular area with radius;
b) Sweep the circular area through a distancenormal to its plane.
The cylinder resulting from the performance of these operations has two circular edges. One of them will corre-
spond to the boundary of the circular area created by the first operation, but even this will not exist explicitly until
that first operation has been carried out. The second edge will only be called into existence by the performance of
the second operation. The two operations represent the shape of the cylinder, but by themselves provide no means
of referencing its individual geometrical or topological elements.
In a data exchange context, a transferred procedural model will specify only operations, and the genera-
tion of an explicit model from them will occur after the transfer, in the receiving system. This process is
called evaluation; its
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10303-55
First edition
2005-02-01
Industrial automation systems — Product
data representation and exchange —
Part 55:
Integrated generic resource: Procedural
and hybrid representation
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle — Représentation et échange
de données de produits —
Partie 55: Ressources génériques intégrées — Représentation
procédurale et hybride
Reference number
ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 10303-55:2005(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
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