Information technology — Security techniques — Non-repudiation — Part 3: Mechanisms using asymmetric techniques

ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009 specifies mechanisms for the provision of specific, communication related, non-repudiation services using asymmetric cryptographic techniques.

Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité — Non-répudiation — Partie 3: Mécanismes utilisant des techniques asymétriques

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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 13888-3
Second edition
2009-12-15


Information technology — Security
techniques — Non-repudiation —
Part 3:
Mechanisms using asymmetric
techniques
Technologies de l'information — Techniques de sécurité —
Non-répudiation —
Partie 3: Mécanismes utilisant des techniques asymétriques




Reference number
ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2009

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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 2009 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .1
5 Requirements.2
6 Trusted Third Party involvement .3
7 Digital signatures .3
8 Use of non-repudiation tokens with and without delivery authorities.4
9 Evidence produced by the end entities.4
9.1 General .4
9.2 Non-repudiation of origin .5
9.2.1 Non-repudiation of origin (NRO) token .5
9.2.2 Mechanism for non-repudiation of origin .6
9.3 Non-repudiation of delivery.6
9.3.1 Non-repudiation of delivery (NRD) token.6
9.3.2 Mechanism for non-repudiation for delivery .8
10 Evidence produced by a Delivery Authority.8
10.1 General .8
10.2 Non-repudiation of submission .9
10.2.1 Non-repudiation of submission (NRS) token.9
10.2.2 Mechanism for non-repudiation of submission .10
10.3 Non-repudiation of transport.10
10.3.1 Non-repudiation of transport (NRT) token.10
10.3.2 Mechanism for non-repudiation of transport .11
11 Mechanisms to ensure that a NR token was signed before a time t.12
11.1 General .12
11.2 Mechanism using a Time-stamping service .12
11.3 Mechanism using a Time-marking service .12
Bibliography.14

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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 13888-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 27, IT Security techniques.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 13888-3:1997), which has been technically
revised to remove ambiguity in the definitions of mechanisms.
ISO/IEC 13888 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology ― Security
techniques — Non-repudiation:
⎯ Part 1: General
⎯ Part 2: Mechanisms using symmetric techniques
⎯ Part 3: Mechanisms using asymmetric techniques
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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
Introduction
The goal of the non-repudiation service is to generate, collect, maintain, make available and validate evidence
concerning a claimed event or action in order to resolve disputes about the occurrence or non occurrence of
the event or action.
This part of ISO/IEC 13888 only addresses the following non-repudiation services:
⎯ non-repudiation of origin;
⎯ non-repudiation of delivery;
⎯ non-repudiation of submission;
⎯ non-repudiation of transport.
Such evidence may be produced either directly by an end entity or by a trusted third party.
Non-repudiation mechanisms involve the exchange of non-repudiation tokens specific for each non-
repudiation service. The non-repudiation mechanisms defined in this part of ISO/IEC 13888 consist of digital
signatures and additional data. Non-repudiation tokens are stored as non-repudiation information and are
used subsequently in the event of disputes.
Additional information is required to complete the non-repudiation token. Depending on the non-repudiation
policy in effect for a specific application and the legal environment within which the application operates, that
additional information should take one of the following two forms:
⎯ information provided by a time-stamping authority which provides assurance that the signature of the non-
repudiation token was created before a given time.
⎯ information provided by a time-marking service which provides assurance that the signature of the non-
repudiation token was recorded before a given time.
Non-repudiation can only be provided within the context of a clearly defined security policy for a particular
application and its legal environment. Non-repudiation policies are described in ISO/IEC 10181-4.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)

Information technology ― Security techniques —
Non-repudiation —
Part 3:
Mechanisms using asymmetric techniques
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 13888 specifies mechanisms for the provision of specific, communication related,
non-repudiation services using asymmetric cryptographic techniques.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 13888-1:2004, Information technology — Security techniques — Non-repudiation — Part 1: General
ISO/IEC 18014-1:2008, Information technology — Security techniques — Time-stamping services — Part 1:
Framework
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 13888-1 apply.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
A the claimed message originator
B the message recipient or the intended message recipient
C the distinguishing identifier of the trusted third party
CA certification authority
D distinguishing identifier of the i th delivery authority, a trusted third
i
party (i ∊ {1, 2, ., n}, where n is the number of delivery authorities in
the system)
f
data term (flag) indicating the type of non-repudiation service in effect
i
(i ∊ {origin, delivery, submission, transport})
Imp(y) imprint of data y, consisting of either y or the hash code of y together
with an identifier of the hash-function being used
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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
M message which is sent from entity A to entity B in respect of which
non-repudiation services are provided
NR non-repudiation
NRD non-repudiation of delivery
NRDT non-repudiation of delivery token
NRO non-repudiation of origin
NROT non-repudiation of origin token
NRS non-repudiation of submission
NRST non-repudiation of submission token
NRT non-repudiation of transport
NRTT
non-repudiation of transport token
Pol distinguishing identifier of the non-repudiation policy (or policies)
which apply to the evidence
Q optional data item that may contain additional information, e.g., the
distinguishing identifiers of the message m, signature mechanism, or
hash-function
S signature operation performed using a signature algorithm. The
signature of a message m computed using the private key of entity X
is denoted by S(X, m)
T date and time the i th type of event or action took place (i is the index
i
of events or actions, i ∊ {1, 2, 3, 4})
T date and time that the evidence was generated
g
text optional data item that may contain additional information, e.g., a key
i
identifier and/or the message identifier (i ∊ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6})
TSA time-stamping authority
TST time-stamp token
TTP trusted third party
X, Y variables used to indicate entity names
y || z result of the concatenation of y and z in that order.
When concatenating data items, an appropriate encoding must be
used so that the individual data items can be recovered from the
concatenated string
5 Requirements
Depending on the basic mechanism used for generating non-repudiation tokens, and independent of the non-
repudiation service supported by the non-repudiation mechanisms, the following requirements hold for the
entities involved in a non-repudiation exchange in this part of ISO/IEC 13888:
⎯ The entities performing a non-repudiation exchange shall trust the same Trusted Third Parties (TTPs).
⎯ The signature key belonging to an entity must be kept secret by that entity.
⎯ A common function Imp shall be supported by all entities in the non-repudiation service. The function Imp
shall be either the identity function or a collision-resistant hash-function as defined in ISO/IEC 10118.
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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
⎯ The digital signature mechanism used shall satisfy the security requirements specified by the non-
repudiation policy.
⎯ Prior to the generation of evidence, the evidence generator must know which non-repudiation policies the
evidence shall be generated in accordance with, the type of evidence to be generated, and the
mechanisms to be used to verify the evidence.
⎯ The mechanisms for generating or verifying evidence must be available to the entities performing the
particular non-repudiation exchange, or a trusted authority must be available to provide the mechanisms.
⎯ Either the evidence generator or the evidence verifier needs to use a Time-stamping service or a Time-
marking service.
6 Trusted Third Party involvement
Trusted Third Parties are involved in the provision of non-repudiation services, their precise role depending on
the mechanisms used and the non-repudiation policy in force. A Trusted Third Party may act in one or more of
the following roles:
⎯ A Delivery Authority (DA) is trusted to deliver the message to the intended recipient and to provide the
non-repudiation of submission or non-repudiation of transport token.
⎯ The use of asymmetric cryptographic techniques may require the involvement of a Trusted Third Party to
guarantee the authenticity of the public verification keys, as described in, e.g., ISO/IEC 9594-8.
⎯ The non-repudiation policy in force may require that the evidence is generated partly or totally by a
Trusted Third Party.
⎯ A Time-stamping token issued by a Time-stamping Authority (TSA) may also be used to ensure that a
non-repudiation token remains valid.
⎯ A Time-marking Authority may be involved to provide assurance that the signature of a given non-
repudiation token was recorded before a given time.
⎯ An Evidence Recording Authority may be involved to record evidence that can later be retrieved if there is
a dispute.
Trusted Third Parties may be involved to differing degrees in the various phases of the provision of a non-
repudiation service. When exchanging evidence, the parties must know, or agree, which non-repudiation
policy is to be applicable to the evidence.
7 Digital signatures
For the mechanisms specified in this part of ISO/IEC 13888, non-repudiation tokens are created using digital
signatures. The digital signature technique used to generate these digital signatures shall conform to ISO/IEC
9796 or ISO/IEC 14888.
The public key to be used to verify a signature shall be included in a public key certificate. This certificate shall
include a time period indicating the period during which the CA handles the revocation status of the certificate.
A signature from an NR Token shall be verifiable at least during the validity period of the certificates to be
used to validate public verification key used to verify the signature, and also once the validity period of these
certificates has expired. In order to achieve this goal the use of either a Time-stamping service or a Time-
marking service is necessary (See Clause 11). The mechanisms described in Clause 11 must be used to
guarantee that the non-repudiation token will remain valid once the certificate to be used to verify the
signature of the NR token has expired, or if that certificate is revoked.
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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
8 Use of non-repudiation tokens with and without delivery authorities
The use of non-repudiation tokens in the case where Delivery Authorities are not used is shown in Figure 1.
Mechanisms adhering to this model are specified in Clause 9. Trusted Third Party C as NRO and NRD tokens
generator is optional in this particular instance of the non-repudiation services.
Trusted Third Party C
(optional)
m
NRD token
m,Imprint of NRO token
NRO token
m, NRO token
Originator A Recipient B
NRD token
Figure 1 – Use of non-repudiation tokens without a Delivery Authority

Figure 2 shows the use of the four types of non-repudiation tokens in the case where third party Delivery
Authorities are used. Mechanisms adhering to this model are specified in Clause 10.
Originator A Recipient B
NRT token
NRS token m m
m
m
m
Delivery Authority
...
DA D
DA D n
2
(DA) D
1
NRS
NRS NRS
token token
token
Figure 2 – Use of non-repudiation tokens with Delivery Authorities

9 Evidence produced by the end entities
9.1 General
The non-repudiation mechanisms specified in this clause allow for generation of evidence for non-repudiation
of origin (NRO) and delivery (NRD) without the participation of a third party Delivery Authority. It is assumed
that entity A wishes to send a message m to entity B, and thus will be the originator of the non-repudiation
transfer. Entity B will be the recipient.
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ISO/IEC 13888-3:2009(E)
It is assumed that entity A knows its own public key certificate and associated private key, entity B knows its
own public key certificate and associated private key, and that the corresponding public key certificates are
available to all the entities concerned.
If Trusted Third Party C is involved (optional), C must keep all NRO tokens generated and record whether or
not each of NRO token is used to generate a NRD token.
Two different mechanisms for non-repudiation are described.
9.2 Non-repudia
...

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