ISO/IEC 9314-8:1998

Information technology — Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) — Part 8: Media Access Control-2 (MAC-2)

This part of ISO/IEC 9314 specifies the Media Access Control (MAC), the middle sublayer of the Data Link Layer (DLL), for Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI). FDDI (ISO/IEC 9314) provides a high-bandwidth (100 Mbit/s), general-purpose interconnection among information processing systems, subsystems and peripheral equipment, using fibre optics or other transmission media. FDDI can be configured to support a sustained data transfer rate of at least 80 Mbit/s (10 Mbyte/s). FDDI provides connectivity for many nodes distributed over distances of many kilometres in extent. Certain default parameter values for FDDI (e.g. timer settings) are calculated on the basis of up to 1 000 transmission links or up to 200 km total fibre path length (typically corresponding to 500 nodes and 100 km of dual fibre cable, respectively); however, the FDDI protocols can support much larger networks by increasing these parameter values. As shown in figure 1, ISO/IEC 9314 consists of a) A Physical Layer (PL), which is divided into two sublayers: 1) A Physical Medium Dependent (PMD), which provides the digital baseband pointto-point communication between nodes in the FDDI network. The PMD provides all services necessary to transport a suitably coded digital bit stream from node to node. The PMD defines and characterizes the fibre-optic drivers and receivers, medium-dependent code requirements, cables, connectors, power budgets, optical bypass provisions, and physical-hardware-related characteristics. It specifies the point of interconnectability for conforming FDDI attachments. The initial PMD standard, ISO/IEC 9314-3, defines attachment to multi-mode fibre. Additional PMD sublayer standards are being developed for attachment to single-mode fibre and SONET. 2) A Physical Layer Protocol (PHY), which provides connection between the PMD and the Data Link Layer. PHY establishes clock synchronization with the upstream code-bit data stream and decodes this incoming code-bit stream into an equivalent symbol stream for use by the higher layers. PHY provides encoding and decoding between data and control indicator symbols and code bits, medium conditioning and initializing, the synchronization of incoming and outgoing code-bit clocks, and the delineation of octet boundaries as required for the transmission of information to or from higher layers. Information to be transmitted on the medium is encoded by the PHY using a group transmission code. b) A Data Link Layer (DLL), which is divided into two or more sublayers: 1) An optional Hybrid Ring Control (HRC), which provides multiplexing of packet and circuit switched data on the shared FDDI medium. HRC comprises two internal components, a Hybrid Multiplexer (H-MUX) and an isochronous MAC (I-MAC). H-MUX maintains a synchronous 125 µs cycle structure and multiplexes the packet and circuit switched data streams, and I-MAC provides access to circuit switched channels. 2) A Media Access Control (MAC), which provides fair and deterministic access to the medium, address recognition, and generation and verification of frame check sequences. Its primary function is the delivery of packet data, including frame generation, repetition, and removal. The definition of MAC is contained in this part of ISO/IEC 9314. 3) An optional Logical Link Control (LLC), which provides a common protocol for any required packet data adaptation services between MAC and the Network Layer. LLC is not specified by FDDI. 4) An optional Circuit Switching Multiplexer (CS-MUX), which provides a common protocol for any required circuit data adaptation services between I-MAC and the Network Layer. CS-MUX is not specified by FDDI. c) A Station Management (SMT), which provides the control necessary at the node level to manage the processes under way in the various FDDI layers such that a node may work cooperatively on a ring. SMT provides services such as control of configuration management, fault isolation and recovery, and scheduling policies

Technologies de l'information — Interface de données distribuées sur fibre (FDDI) — Partie 8: Contrôle d'accès du milieu 2 (MAC-2)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Oct-1998
• ICS: 35.200 - Interface and interconnection equipment
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 - Interconnection of information technology equipment
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 25 - Interconnection of information technology equipment
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 13-Jul-2018

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 14744-6:2000 - Welding — Acceptance inspection of electron beam welding machines — Part 6: Measurement of stability of spot position
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL
ISO/IEC
STANDARD
9314-8
First edition
1998-08
Information technology –
Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) –
Part 8:
Media Access Control-2 (MAC-2)
Reference number
ISO/IEC 9314-8:1998(E)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL
ISO/IEC
STANDARD
9314-8
First edition
1998-08
Information technology –
Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) –
Part 8:
Media Access Control-2 (MAC-2)
 ISO/IEC 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genève 20 Switzerland
• • •
CODE PRIX
XA
PRICE CODE
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue

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– ii – 9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E)
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD . v
INTRODUCTION . vi
Clause
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 3
3 Definitions. 4
4 Conventions and abbreviations .7
4.1 Conventions . 7
4.1.1 Addressing. 7
4.1.2 Timing values and timers. 7
4.2 Abbreviations . 8
5 General description . 10
6 Services. 11
6.1 MAC-to-LLC services.12
6.1.1 MA_UNITDATA.request . 12
6.1.2 MA_UNITDATA.indication . 14
6.1.3 MA_UNITDATA_STATUS.indication. 16
6.1.4 MA_TOKEN.request. 16
6.2 MAC-to-PHY services. 17
6.2.1 PH_UNITDATA.request. 18
6.2.2 PH_UNITDATA.indication . 18
6.2.3 PH_INVALID.indication. 18
6.3 MAC-to-H-MUX Services. 19
6.3.1 HM_MODE.indication . 19
6.3.2 HP_UNITDATA.request. 20
6.3.3 HP_UNITDATA.indication . 20
6.3.4 HP_INVALID.indication. 21
6.3.5 HP_MODE.request. 21
6.4 MAC-to-SMT services. 22
6.4.1 SM_MA_INITIALIZE_PROTOCOL.request. 22
6.4.2 SM_MA_CONTROL.request . 24
6.4.3 SM_MA_STATUS.indication . 26
6.4.4 SM_MA_UNITDATA.request. 28
6.4.5 SM_MA_UNITDATA.indication. 29
6.4.6 SM_MA_UNITDATA_STATUS.indication . 31
6.4.7 SM_MA_TOKEN.request . 31
7 Facilities. 32
7.1 Symbol set . 32
7.1.1 Line state symbols. 32
7.1.2 Control symbols. 33
7.1.3 Data Quartets (0-F) . 34
7.1.4 Violation symbol (V). 34

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9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E) – iii –
7.2 Protocol Data Units. 34
7.2.1 Token. 35
7.2.2 Frame . 35
7.3 Fields . 36
7.3.1 Preamble (PA) . 36
7.3.2 Starting Delimiter (SD). 36
7.3.3 Frame Control (FC) . 36
7.3.4 Destination and source addresses . 39
7.3.5 Routing Information (RI) field. 42
7.3.6 Information (INFO) field. 42
7.3.7 Frame Check Sequence (FCS) . 43
7.3.8 Ending Delimiter (ED). 44
7.3.9 Frame Status (FS). 45
7.4 Timers. 46
7.4.1 Token-Holding Timer (THT) . 46
7.4.2 Valid-Transmission Timer (TVX) . 46
7.4.3 Token-Rotation Timer (TRT) . 47
7.4.4 Late Counter (Late_ct). 48
7.4.5 Token Counter (Token_ct) . 48
7.5 Frame counts. 48
7.5.1 Frame_ct . 48
7.5.2 Error_ct. 48
7.5.3 Lost_ct . 48
7.5.4 Copied_ct.49
7.5.5 Transmit_ct. 49
7.5.6 Not_Copied_ct. 49
8 Operation. 49
8.1 Overview . 49
8.1.1 Frame transmission. 50
8.1.2 Token transmission . 50
8.1.3 Frame stripping. 50
8.1.4 Ring scheduling . 51
8.1.5 Ring monitoring . 53
8.2 Structure . 55
8.3 Receiver. 56
8.3.1 Token and frame validity criteria. 57
8.3.2 State R0: LISTEN . 58
8.3.3 State R1: AWAIT_SD (Await Starting Delimiter) . 58
8.3.4 State R2: RC_FR_CTRL (Receive Frame Control Field). 59
8.3.5 State R3: RC_FR_BODY (Receive Frame Body) . 60
8.3.6 State R4: RC_FR_STATUS (Receive Frame Status) . 62
8.3.7 State R5: CHECK_TK (Check Token). 64
8.4 Transmitter. 65
8.4.1 State T0: TX_IDLE (Transmitter Idle). 65
8.4.2 State T1: REPEAT (Repeat). 67
8.4.3 State T2: TX_DATA (Transmit data) . 69
8.4.4 State T3: ISSUE_TK (Issue Token) . 71
8.4.5 State T4: CLAIM_TK (Claim Token). 72
8.4.6 State T5: TX_BEACON (Transmit Beacon) . 73

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– iv – 9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E)
Annex A (informative) Addressing . 83
A.1 General structure. 83
A.2 Administration of addresses . 83
A.2.1 Locally administered addresses. 84
A.2.2 Universally administered addresses. 84
A.3 Transmission order. 85
A.3.1 Representation of addresses . 85
A.4 Group addresses. 86
A.4.1 Broadcast address . 86
A.4.2 Assignment of group addresses for use in standards. 87
A.4.3 Group addresses assigned for use in FDDI. 87
A.5 Source routing addressing. 87
A.6 References . 87
Annex B (informative) Frame Check Sequence . 88
B.1 Description. 88
B.2 Generation of the FCS. 88
B.3 Checking the FCS . 89
B.4 Implementation. 89
B.5 Related standards . 91
Annex C (informative) Bridging. 92
C.1 Bridge architectures. 92
C.2 Destination Address recognition. 93
C.3 Indicator setting . 93
C.4 Stripping.93
Annex D (informative) Elements of timer calculation. 95
Annex E (informative) Bibliography . 98
Tables
Table 1 – Interpretation of FC field . 59
Figures
Figure 1 – FDDI structure . 3
Figure 2 – Token ring logical configuration example. 11
Figure 3 – MAC Receiver state diagram. 75
Figure 4 – MAC Transmitter state diagram . 79
Figure B.1 – FCS implementation example. 90

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9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E) – v –
FOREWORD
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to
national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %
of the national bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO/IEC 9314-8 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1
Information technology, Subcommittee SC 25, Interconnection of information technology equipment.
ISO/IEC 9314 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology – Fibre
Distributed Data Interface (FDDI):
– Part 1: Token Ring Physical Layer Protocol (PHY) (1989)
– Part 2: Token Ring Media Access Control (MAC) (1989)
– Part 3: Physical Layer Medium Dependent (PMD) (1990)
1)
– Part 4: Single Mode Fibre Physical Layer Medium Dependent (SMF-PMD)
– Part 5: Hybrid Ring Control (HRC) (1995)
– Part 6: Station Management (SMT)
– Part 7: Physical Layer Protocol (PHY-2)
– Part 8: Media Access Control-2 (MAC-2)
– Part 9: Low-Cost Fibre – Physical Medium Dependent (LCF-PMD) (under consideration)
– Part 10: Token Ring Twisted Pair Physical layer Medium Dependent (TP-PMD) (under
consideration)
– Part 13: Conformance Test Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement Proforma (CT-PICS)
– Part 20: Physical Medium Dependent Conformance Testing (PMD-ATS) (under consideration)
– Part 21: Physical Layer Protocol Conformance Testing (PHY-ATS) (under consideration)
– Part 25: Abstract test suite for FDDI – Station Management Conformance Testing (SMT-ATS)
– Part 26: Media Access Control Conformance Testing (MAC-ATS) (under consideration)
–––––––––––
1)
 To be published

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– vi – 9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E)
INTRODUCTION
The Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), ISO/IEC 9314, is intended for use in a high-performance
general purpose multi-node network and is designed for efficient operation with a peak data rate of
100 Mbit/s. It uses a Token Ring architecture with optical fibre as the transmission medium. FDDI
provides for hundreds of nodes operating over an extent of tens of kilometres.
The Media Access Control (MAC) specifies the lower sublayer of the Data Link Layer for the FDDI. As
such, it presents the specifications and services provided for conforming FDDI attachment devices.
MAC specifies the access to the medium, including addressing, data checking, and data framing. MAC
also specifies the receiver and transmitter state machines.
When the set of basic FDDI standards, ISO/IEC 9314, is completed it will include the following
standards:
a) A Physical Layer Protocol (PHY), which specifies the upper sublayer of the Physical Layer of
ISO/IEC 9314.
b) A Physical Layer Media Dependent (PMD), which specifies the lower sublayer of the Physical
Layer of ISO/IEC 9314.
c) A Station Management (SMT), which specifies the local portion of the system management
application process of ISO/IEC 9314.
A number of extensions to ISO/IEC 9314 are completed or in process. One extension, ISO/IEC 9314-5,
for Hybrid Ring Control (HRC), commonly known as FDDI-II, extends the capability of FDDI to handle
isochronous data streams at a multiplicity of data rates. Another extension, ISO/IEC 9314-4, provides
for a single-mode optical fibre version of PMD (SMF-PMD) and will permit optical links of up to 60 km.
Other work, addressing alternate PMDs, is aimed at providing low-cost attachments for use in
concentrator-to-workstation environments. This work includes a Low-Cost Fibre PMD (LCF-PMD) and
a (copper) Twisted Pair PMD (TP-PMD).
This part of ISO/IEC 9314 for MAC-2 is an enhancement to the original FDDI standard on MAC (ISO
9314-2). It is referred to as MAC-2 when it is necessary to distinguish it from the original MAC.
Changes include those identified in footnotes to ISO 9314-2 as areas that the standards committee
intended to change as well as changes that were required for extensions to FDDI, such as FDDI-II and
MAC level bridging. MAC-2 also includes editorial corrections and clarifications.

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9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E) – 1 –
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY —
FIBRE DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI) —
Part 8: Media Access Control-2 (MAC-2)
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 9314 specifies the Media Access Control (MAC), the middle sublayer of
the Data Link Layer (DLL), for Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).
FDDI (ISO/IEC 9314) provides a high-bandwidth (100 Mbit/s), general-purpose
interconnection among information processing systems, subsystems and peripheral
equipment, using fibre optics or other transmission media. FDDI can be configured to
support a sustained data transfer rate of at least 80 Mbit/s (10 Mbyte/s). FDDI provides
connectivity for many nodes distributed over distances of many kilometres in extent. Certain
default parameter values for FDDI (e.g. timer settings) are calculated on the basis of up to
1 000 transmission links or up to 200 km total fibre path length (typically corresponding to
500 nodes and 100 km of dual fibre cable, respectively); however, the FDDI protocols can
support much larger networks by increasing these parameter values.
As shown in figure 1, ISO/IEC 9314 consists of
a) A Physical Layer (PL), which is divided into two sublayers:
1) A Physical Medium Dependent (PMD), which provides the digital baseband point-
to-point communication between nodes in the FDDI network. The PMD provides
all services necessary to transport a suitably coded digital bit stream from node to
node. The PMD defines and characterizes the fibre-optic drivers and receivers,
medium-dependent code requirements, cables, connectors, power budgets, optical
bypass provisions, and physical-hardware-related characteristics. It specifies the
point of interconnectability for conforming FDDI attachments. The initial PMD
standard, ISO/IEC 9314-3, defines attachment to multi-mode fibre. Additional
PMD sublayer standards are being developed for attachment to single-mode fibre
and SONET.
2) A Physical Layer Protocol (PHY), which provides connection between the PMD
and the Data Link Layer. PHY establishes clock synchronization with the upstream
code-bit data stream and decodes this incoming code-bit stream into an equivalent
symbol stream for use by the higher layers. PHY provides encoding and decoding
between data and control indicator symbols and code bits, medium conditioning
and initializing, the synchronization of incoming and outgoing code-bit clocks, and
the delineation of octet boundaries as required for the transmission of information
to or from higher layers. Information to be transmitted on the medium is encoded
by the PHY using a group transmission code.
b) A Data Link Layer (DLL), which is divided into two or more sublayers:
1) An optional Hybrid Ring Control (HRC), which provides multiplexing of packet and
circuit switched data on the shared FDDI medium. HRC comprises two internal
components, a Hybrid Multiplexer (H-MUX) and an isochronous MAC (I-MAC).
H-MUX maintains a synchronous 125 μs cycle structure and multiplexes the
packet and circuit switched data streams, and I-MAC provides access to circuit
switched channels.

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– 2 – 9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E)
2) A Media Access Control (MAC), which provides fair and deterministic access to the
medium, address recognition, and generation and verification of frame check
sequences. Its primary function is the delivery of packet data, including frame
generation, repetition, and removal. The definition of MAC is contained in this part
of ISO/IEC 9314.
3) An optional Logical Link Control (LLC), which provides a common protocol for any
required packet data adaptation services between MAC and the Network Layer.
LLC is not specified by FDDI.
4) An optional Circuit Switching Multiplexer (CS-MUX), which provides a common
protocol for any required circuit data adaptation services between I-MAC and the
Network Layer. CS-MUX is not specified by FDDI.
c) A Station Management (SMT), which provides the control necessary at the node level
to manage the processes under way in the various FDDI layers such that a node may
work cooperatively on a ring. SMT provides services such as control of configuration
management, fault isolation and recovery, and scheduling policies.
The MAC definition contained herein is designed to be as independent as possible from both
the physical medium and the speed of operation. Concepts employed in ISO/IEC 8802-5,
dealing with Token Ring MAC operation have been modified to accommodate the higher
FDDI speeds, while retaining a similar set of services and facilities.
ISO/IEC 9314 specifies the interfaces, functions, and operations necessary to ensure
interoperability between conforming FDDI implementations. This part of ISO/IEC 9314
provides a functional description. Conforming implementations may employ any design
technique that does not violate interoperability. Implementations that conform to this part of
ISO/IEC 9314 shall also be interoperable with implementations that conform to ISO 9314-2 if
the additional capability of hybrid mode operation (as defined in this document) is not being
used. Implementers are encouraged to consult ISO 9314-2 in addition to this part of
ISO/IEC 9314.

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– 4 – 9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E)
ISO 9314-1: 1989,
Information processing systems - Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
- Part 1: Token Ring Physical Layer Protocol (PHY)
ISO 9314-2: 1989,
Information processing systems - Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
- Part 2: Token Ring Media Access Control (MAC)
ISO/IEC 9314-3: 1990,
Information processing systems – Fibre Distributed Data Interface
(FDDI) – Part 3: Physical Layer Medium Dependent (PMD)
ISO/IEC 9314-4,
Information technology – Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) – Part 4:
1)
Single Mode Fibre Physical Layer Medium Dependent (SMF-PMD)
ISO/IEC 9314-5:1995,
Information technology - Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) -
Part 5: Hybrid Ring Control (HRC)
ISO/IEC 9314-6:
Information technology - Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) - Part 6:
Station Management (SMT)
ISO/IEC 9314-7:
Information technology - Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) - Part 7:
Physical Layer Protocol (PHY-2)
ISO/IEC 10038: 1993,
Information technology - Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems - Local area networks - Media access control (MAC) bridges
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 9314, the following definitions apply. In some cases
these definitions may duplicate those contained in other parts of ISO/IEC 9314. Such
definitions are included for completeness and to improve readability. In certain cases,
definitions herein may slightly update those contained in the earlier published parts of
ISO/IEC 9314 to improve their clarity.
3.1 asynchronous: A class of data transmission service whereby all requests for service
contend for a pool of dynamically allocated ring bandwidth and response time.
3.2 Basic mode: The mode of ring operation where MAC PDUs (frames and tokens) are
directly transmitted by PHY.
3.3 bypass: The ability of a node to optically isolate itself from the FDDI network while
maintaining the continuity of the cable plant.
The act of removing a token from the ring for the purpose of Frame
3.4 capture:
transmission.
A process whereby one or more MACs bid for the right to initialize the
3.5 claim token:
ring.
An arrangement whereby two signal paths in opposite directions
3.6 counter-rotating:
exist in a ring topology.
A Protocol Data Unit transmitted between cooperating HRC entities on a ring,
3.7 cycle:
consisting of a fixed number of octets in each 125 μs interval.
–––––––––––
1)
To be published.

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9314-8 © ISO/IEC:1998(E) – 5 –
3.8 entity: An active service or management element within an Open System
Interconnection (OSI) layer, or sublayer.
3.9 fibre optics: A technology whereby signals are transmitted over an optical waveguide
medium through the use of light-generating transmitters and light-detecting receivers.
3.10 frame: A Protocol Data Unit transmitted between cooperating MAC entities on a logical
ring, consisting of a variable number of octets and control symbols.
The mode of ring operation where HRC PDUs (cycles) are transmitted
3.11 Hybrid mode:
by PHY.
The Data Link Layer entity responsible for multiplexing of
3.12 Hybrid Ring Control (HRC):
packet and circuit switch
...