ISO 6872
(Main)Dentistry — Ceramic materials
Dentistry — Ceramic materials
This document specifies the requirements, recommendations and the corresponding test methods for dental ceramic materials for fixed all-ceramic and metal-ceramic restorations and prostheses.
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Matériaux céramiques
Le présent document spécifie les exigences, les recommendations et les méthodes d'essai correspondantes relatives aux matériaux céramiques dentaires pour les restaurations et les prothèses tout céramique et céramo-métalliques.
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International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 6872
ISO/TC 106/SC 2
Dentistry — Ceramic materials
Secretariat: ANSI
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Matériaux céramiques
Voting begins on:
2024-05-06
Voting terminates on:
2024-07-01
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WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(en) © ISO 2024
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 6872
ISO/TC 106/SC 2
Dentistry — Ceramic materials
Secretariat: ANSI
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Matériaux céramiques
Voting begins on:
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(en) © ISO 2024
ii
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Material .1
3.2 Processing .2
3.3 Properties .3
4 Types, classes, and their identification. 3
5 Requirements . 4
5.1 Uniformity .4
5.2 Freedom from extraneous materials .5
5.3 Mixing and condensation properties of type I ceramics .5
5.4 Physical and chemical properties .5
5.5 Shrinkage factor .5
6 Sampling . 5
6.1 Type I ceramics .5
6.2 Type II ceramics.5
7 Test methods . 6
7.1 Preparation of test specimens .6
7.1.1 General .6
7.1.2 Components of test specimens (type I ceramics) .6
7.1.3 Apparatus for mixing .6
7.1.4 Method of mixing .6
7.1.5 Procedure for specimen fabrication .6
7.1.6 Firing .6
7.2 Radioactivity of dental ceramic .7
7.2.1 Preparation of samples .7
7.2.2 Counting procedure .7
7.2.3 Assessment of results .7
7.3 Flexural strength.7
7.3.1 General .7
7.3.2 Three-point and four-point flexure tests .7
7.3.3 Biaxial flexure test (piston-on-three-ball test) .10
7.4 Linear thermal expansion coefficient . 12
7.4.1 Apparatus . 12
7.4.2 Preparing of test specimens (type I and type II ceramics) . 13
7.4.3 Dilatometric measurement . 13
7.4.4 Assessment of results . 13
7.5 Glass transition temperature . 13
7.5.1 Operating procedure . 13
7.5.2 Assessment of results .14
7.6 Chemical solubility .14
7.6.1 Reagent .14
7.6.2 Apparatus .14
7.6.3 Preparation of test specimens . 15
7.6.4 Procedure . 15
7.6.5 Calculation and assessment of results . 15
8 Information and instructions .15
8.1 Information . . 15
8.1.1 General . 15
8.1.2 Type I Ceramics . 15
iii
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(en)
8.1.3 Type II ceramics .16
8.2 Instructions for use .16
9 Packaging, marking, and labelling .16
9.1 Packaging .16
9.2 Marking and labelling .16
Annex A (informative) Fracture toughness .18
Annex B (informative) Weibull statistics .25
Annex C (informative) Protocol to assess the hydrothermal stability of yttria-stabilized
tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) .27
Bibliography .
...
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(Een)
ISO/TC106/SC 2/WG 1
Secretariat: ANSI (ADA)
Dentistry — Ceramic materials
Médecine bucco-dentaire — Matériaux céramiques
Fifth edition
Date: 2024-02-06
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part
of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in
the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Material . 1
3.2 Processing . 2
3.3 Properties . 3
4 Types, classes, and their identification . 3
5 Requirements . 5
5.1 Uniformity . 5
5.2 Freedom from extraneous materials . 5
5.3 Mixing and condensation properties of type I ceramics . 5
5.4 Physical and chemical properties . 5
5.5 Shrinkage factor . 5
6 Sampling . 5
6.1 Type I ceramics. 5
6.2 Type II ceramics . 6
7 Test methods . 6
7.1 Preparation of test specimens . 6
7.1.1 General . 6
7.1.2 Components of test specimens (type I ceramics) . 6
7.1.3 Apparatus for mixing . 6
7.1.4 Method of mixing . 6
7.1.5 Procedure for specimen fabrication . 6
7.1.6 Firing . 7
7.2 Radioactivity of dental ceramic . 7
7.2.1 Preparation of samples . 7
7.2.2 Counting procedure . 7
7.2.3 Assessment of results . 7
7.3 Flexural strength . 7
7.3.1 General . 7
7.3.2 Three-point and four-point flexure tests . 7
7.3.3 Biaxial flexure test (piston-on-three-ball test) . 11
7.4 Linear thermal expansion coefficient . 13
7.4.1 Apparatus . 13
7.4.2 Preparing of test specimens (type I and type II ceramics) . 13
7.4.3 Dilatometric measurement . 13
7.4.4 Assessment of results . 13
7.5 Glass transition temperature . 13
7.5.1 Operating procedure . 13
7.5.2 Assessment of results . 14
7.6 Chemical solubility . 14
7.6.1 Reagent . 14
7.6.2 Apparatus . 14
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(en)
7.6.3 Preparation of test specimens . 15
7.6.4 Procedure . 15
7.6.5 Calculation and assessment of results . 15
8 Information and instructions . 15
8.1 Information . 15
8.1.1 General . 15
8.1.2 Type I ceramics . 15
8.1.3 Type II ceramics . 16
8.2 Instructions for use. 16
9 Packaging, marking, and labelling . 16
9.1 Packaging . 16
9.2 Marking and labelling . 16
Bibliography . 3
iii
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2,
Prosthodontic materials, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 10655, Dentistry, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 6872:2015), which has been technically revised.
It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 6872:2015/Amd 1:2018.
The main change ischanges are as follows:
— Annex C on protocol to assess the hydrothermal stability of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-
TZP) has been added.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
ISO/FDIS 6872:2024(en)
Introduction
Specific qualitative and quantitative requirements for freedom from biological hazard are not included in this
document, but it is recommended that in assessing possible biological or toxicological hazards, reference be
made to ISO 10993-1 and ISO 7405.
v
Dentistry — Ceramic materials
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for dental ceramic materials
for fixed all-ceramic and metal-ceramic restorations and prostheses.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 13078, Dentistry — Dental furnace — Test method for temperature measurement with separate
thermocouple
ISO 13078-2, Dentistry — Dental furnace — Part 2: Test method for evaluation of furnace programme via firing
glaze
ISO 13078-3, Dentistry — Dental furnace — Part 3: Test method for the evaluation of high temperature sintering
furnace measurement with a separate thermocouple
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and defini
...
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