ISO/TS 17431:2006
(Main)Fire tests— Reduced-scale model box test
Fire tests— Reduced-scale model box test
ISO/TS 17431:2006 specifies an intermediate-scale test method that simulates a fire that under well-ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single doorway and can develop until the room is fully involved in the fire. ISO/TS 17431:2006 is primarily intended to evaluate the contribution to toxic hazard in, and potential for fire spread to, evacuation routes connected to the room of origin in which surface products are installed. ISO/TS 17431:2006 is especially suitable for products with which a full-scale room test has to be terminated before the full involvement of the room with fire because of the occurrence of flashover or any other safety reasons.
Essais au feu — Essai à échelle réduite utilisant une boîte
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 17431
First edition
2006-06-15
Fire tests — Reduced-scale model box
test
Essais au feu — Essai à échelle réduite utilisant une boîte
Reference number
ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Definitions . 1
4 Principle. 2
5 Combustion chamber. 2
6 Ignition source . 4
7 Measurement at the opening of the combustion chamber for toxicity assessment . 4
8 Hood and exhaust duct . 4
9 Instrumentation for measurement of gas in the exhaust duct. 5
10 System performance . 5
11 Preparation of specimen. 6
12 Testing . 7
13 Test report . 8
Annex A (informative) Instrumentation of combustion chamber. 10
Annex B (informative) Recommended ignition source . 15
Annex C (informative) Preparation of specimen . 16
Bibliography . 17
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
⎯ an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
⎯ an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 17431 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire
initiation and growth.
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
Introduction
This Technical Specification is intended to provide a test method for describing the fire behaviour of a product
under fire conditions by simulating such fire conditions in a reduced scale under controlled laboratory
conditions.
The test method can be used as part of a fire hazard assessment that takes into account all of the factors that
are pertinent to an assessment of a particular type of fire hazard.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
Fire tests — Reduced-scale model box test
WARNING — So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all
concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during
combustion of test specimens.
The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes from ignition to a fully
developed fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous objects or clothing. It is
important that the operators use protective clothing, e.g. helmet, face-shield and equipment for
avoiding exposure to toxic gases.
Means for extinguishing a fully developed fire should be available.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies an intermediate-scale test method that simulates a fire that under well-
ventilated conditions starts in a corner of a small room with a single doorway and can develop until the room is
fully involved in the fire.
The method is primarily intended to evaluate the contribution to toxic hazard in, and potential for fire spread to,
evacuation routes connected to the room of origin in which surface products are installed.
The method is especially suitable for products with which a full-scale room test has to be terminated before
the full involvement of the room with fire because of the occurrence of flashover or any other safety reasons.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9705:1993, Fire tests — Full-scale room test for surface products
ISO 13943:2000, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this document, the definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following shall apply.
3.1
exposed surface
surface of the product subjected to the heating conditions of the test
3.2
surface product
any part of a compartment that constitutes an exposed surface on the interior wall, ceiling and/or floor such as
panels, tiles, boards, wall papers or coatings
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
4 Principle
The potential for fire spread to objects outside the room of fire origin is evaluated by the heat release rate and
total heat release from the model box.
An indication of the toxic hazard in an evacuation route connected to the room of fire origin is provided by the
measurement of specific gases at the doorway of the model box.
5 Combustion chamber
5.1 Dimensions
The combustion chamber (see Figure 1) shall consist of three walls, a ceiling and a floor connected at right
angles. The inside dimension of the combustion chamber shall have the following dimensions:
a) length: (1,8 ± 0,01) m;
b) width: (1,1 ± 0,01) m;
c) height: (1,0 ± 0,01) m.
5.2 Front panel
A front wall panel with an opening of the following dimensions (see Figure 1) shall be attached to the opening
of the combustion chamber prior to each test. The opening shall be at the centre of the front wall panel and
touch the floor.
a) width of the front panel: (1,1 ± 0,01) m;
b) height of the front panel: (1,0 ± 0,01) m;
c) width of the opening: (0,3 ± 0,01) m;
d) height of the opening: (0,67 ± 0,01) m.
5.3 Material of combustion chamber
The combustion chamber shall be constructed of non-combustible material with a density of
−3
(800 ± 100) kg⋅m . The thickness of the construction shall be (20 ± 2) mm.
5.4 Installation
The combustion chamber shall be placed in an essentially draught free space, large enough to ensure that
there is no influence on the test fire. Hanging the combustion chamber can assist in the measurement of the
mass loss and accurate collection of combustion products. An example of a hanging combustion chamber is
given in Annex A.
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 top panel 4 floor 7 steel sheet (0,27)
2 inner wall 5 opening 8 side wall
3 ignition source 6 combustion chamber 9 front wall panel
Figure 1 — Combustion chamber with specimen panels, front wall panel and ignition source
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
6 Ignition source
6.1 Design of ignition source
The ignition source shall be a propane gas burner having a 0,17 m × 0,17 m square top surface layer of a
porous, inert material, e.g. sand. The construction shall be such that an even gas flow is achieved over the
entire opening area. It is recommended that the gas burner described in Annex B be used.
WARNING — All parts and equipment of the burner system such as tubes, couplings, flow meters, etc.
shall be of approved type for propane. The installation shall be performed in accordance with existing
safety regulations.
The burner should, for reasons of safety, be equipped with a remote control ignition device, for
example a pilot flame, electric spark or a glow wire. There should be a warning system for detection of
gas leakage in the case of extinction of the flame.
6.2 Fuel
The fuel for the burner shall be of industrial grade propane (95 % purity). The heat release rate of the burner
shall be 40 kW during the test period. The fuel gas flow rate to the burner shall be measured with an accuracy
of at least ± 3 % and shall be controlled within ± 5 % of the prescribed value of heat output.
7 Measurement at the opening of the combustion chamber for toxicity assessment
The present Clause specifies minimum requirement for the instrumentation attached to the opening of the
combustion chamber. Additional information and designs can be found in Annex A.
7.1 Gas analysis
7.1.1 Sampling
The gas shall be sampled at the opening of the combustion chamber at a position where the combustion
products flow out above the neutral plate (see Figure A.1). The sampling line shall be made of an inert
material that does not influence the concentration of the gas species to be analysed.
7.1.2 Carbon monoxide
The gas concentration shall be measured using an analyser having an accuracy of at least ± 0,02 % by
volume for carbon monoxide. The analyser shall have a t to t response time of less than 12 s (using a
10 90
similar procedure to that defined in ISO 5660-1:2002, 10.1).
7.2 Gas temperature
Gas temperature in the immediate vicinity of the gas-sampling probe shall be measured by a thermocouple
with a maximum diameter of 0,25 mm.
8 Hood and exhaust duct
The system for collecting the combustion products shall have a capacity and be designed in such a way that
all of the combustion products leaving the combustion chamber through the opening during a test are
collected. The system shall not disturb the fire-induced flow in the opening. The exhaust capacity shall be at
3 −1
least 2,0 m⋅s at atmospheric pressure and temperature of 25 °C. An example of hood and exhaust duct is
shown in Figure A.2.
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
9 Instrumentation for measurement of gas in the exhaust duct
9.1 General
Clause 9 specifies minimum requirements for the instrumentation for the measurement of the gas in the
exhaust duct. Additional information and designs can be found in ISO 9705:1993, Annexes D and E.
9.2 Volume flow rate
The volume flow rate in the exhaust duct shall be measured to an accuracy of at least ± 5 %. The response
time to a stepwise change of the duct flow rate shall be a maximum of 1 s at 90 % of the final value.
9.3 Gas analyser
9.3.1 Sampling line
The gas in the duct shall be sampled at a position where the combustion products are uniformly mixed. The
sampling line shall be made of an inert material which does not influence the concentration of the gas species
to be analysed.
9.3.2 Oxygen
The oxygen consumption shall be measured in accordance with ISO 9705. The analyser shall have a t to t
10 90
response time of less than 12 s (using a similar procedure to that defined in ISO 5660-1:2002,10.1.5).
9.3.3 Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
The gas species shall be measured using analysers having an accuracy of at least ± 0,01 % by volume for
CO and 0,01 % by volume for CO. The analyser shall have a t to t response time of less than 12 s (using
2 10 90
a similar procedure to that defined in ISO 5660-1:2002, 10.1.5).
10 System performance
10.1 Calibration
A calibration test shall be performed prior to each test or a continuous series of tests.
The calibration shall be performed with the burner heat profile given in Table 1, with the burner positioned
centrally 1 m below the lower edge of the hood. Measurements shall be taken place at least every 6 s and
shall be started 1 min prior to ignition of the burner. At steady state conditions, the difference between the
mean heat release rate over 1 min, calculated from the measured oxygen consumption and that calculated
from the metered gas input rate, shall not exceed 3 % for each level of heat output.
Table 1 — Burner output profile
Time Heat output
min kW
0 to 2 0
2 to 7 40
7 to 12 100
12 to 17 40
17 to 19 0
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ISO/TS 17431:2006(E)
10.2 System response
The time delay for a stepwise change of the heat output from the burner, when placed centrally 1 m below the
lower edge of the hood, shall not exceed 20 s. This value shall be used in the data analysis. The time delay
shall be determined by measuring the time taken from the stepwise change of the gas supply until time that
the measured value reaches 90 % of the steady state value.
10.3 Precision
The precision of the system at various volume flow rates in the duct shall be checked by increasing the
3 −1
volume flow rate in the exhaust duct in four equal steps, starting from 0,2 m⋅s (at flow air condition of
0,1 MPa and 25 °C) up to the maximum flow rate as specified in ISO 9705. The heat output from the burner
shall be 40 kW. The error in the mean heat release rate, calculated over 1 min, shall not be more than 3 % of
the actual heat output from the burner.
NOTE Precision of a similar system in ISO 9705 can give additional information.
11 Preparation of specimen
11.1 General
The product to be tested shall be cut to make four panels supported by a sheet and frames of steel to cover
the ceiling, two side walls and the end wall of the inside surfaces of the combustion chamber.
NOTE In the standard specimen configuration, three walls and the ceiling of the combustion chamber are cov
...
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