ISO 18464

Hydraulic fluid power — Design methodology for energy efficient systems

This document specifies a design methodology for hydraulic systems that can be operated with the lowest possible energy consumption while maintaining the intended functionality of the stationary or mobile machinery in which they are installed. This document takes into account the duty cycles of the application. The definition of the duty cycles is not part of this standard.

Transmissions hydrauliques — Méthodologie de conception de systèmes à haut rendement énergétique

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 23.100.01 - Fluid power systems in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 131/SC 9 - Installations and systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 131/SC 9 - Installations and systems
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Start Date: 09-Apr-2025
• Completion Date: 09-Apr-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 18464
ISO/TC 131/SC 9
Hydraulic fluid power — Design
Secretariat: BSI
methodology for energy efficient
Voting begins on:
systems
2025-02-11
Transmissions hydrauliques — Méthodologie de conception de
Voting terminates on:
systèmes à haut rendement énergétique
2025-04-08
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en) © ISO 2025

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 18464
ISO/TC 131/SC 9
Hydraulic fluid power —
Secretariat: BSI
Design methodology for energy
Voting begins on:
efficient systems
Transmissions hydrauliques — Méthodologie de conception de
Voting terminates on:
systèmes à haut rendement énergétique
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en) © ISO 2025

ii
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 1
5 Design methodology . 2
5.1 General .2
5.2 Application based actuator design .3
5.3 Actuator dimensioning .4
5.4 Control design .4
5.5 Design of hydraulic power supplies .4
5.6 Design of hydraulic power distribution (piping) .4
5.7 Selection of the hydraulic fluid .5
5.8 Auxiliary components .5
5.9 Calculation method of required energy supply .5
5.10 Rating and comparison method of energy consumption.6
Annex A (informative) Example overview of energy demand of duty cycle and different
hydraulic system designs . 7
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for energy-efficient hydraulic piping . 8
Bibliography .10

iii
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 9,
Installations and systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
Introduction
As environmental impact is a common challenge for all products and as natural resources become scarce,
environmental performance criteria for hydraulic systems need to be defined and the use of these criteria
needs to be specified.
Based on relevant considerations, ISO 18464 is focused on environmental impacts related to the energy
consumed by hydraulic systems during operation and defines a design process for hydraulic systems
including energy consumption as a key criterion.
Energy consumption of hydraulic systems is primarily defined by the type of machine, e.g. lathes, injection
moulding machines and excavators, their duty cycles and the architecture of hydraulic systems.
Additionally, the level of energy consumption is a function of the requirements of the machine, duty cycle
and frequency of use by the operator. It is only when the machines are adapted for specific applications (e.g.
working cycle, control precision, level of automation) in an optimal manner, that energy efficient concepts
can have the most positive impact.
Typical applications for hydraulics in machines are
— clamping applications with high force,
— press applications with high force,
— motion, acceleration and braking of heavy loads,
— hydraulic mass compensation, and
— hydrostatic transmission.
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
Hydraulic fluid power — Design methodology for energy
efficient systems
1 Scope
This document specifies a design methodology for hydraulic systems that can be operated with the lowest
possible energy consumption while maintaining the intended functionality of the stationary or mobile
machinery in which they are installed.
This document takes into account the duty cycles of the application. The definition of the duty cycles is not
part of this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5598, Fluid power systems and components — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5598 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
hydraulic system
arrangement of interconnected components including one or more prime movers, that generates, transmits,
controls and converts hydraulic fluid power
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
The symbols used throughout this document are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 — List of symbols
Symbol Abbreviated term
d inner diameter of piping;
amount of energy stored in hydraulic accumulators or other energy storage devices at the end of the
E
a,e
stabilised duty cycle, if energy storage devices are part of hydraulic systems;
E amount of energy stored in hydraulic accumulators or other energy storage devices at the beginning of
a,s
the stabilised duty cycle, if energy storage devices are part of hydraulic systems;
energy consumption of the hydraulic system over the considered duty cycle;
E
c,in
E energy consumption for a specific duty cycle, i;
c,in,i
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Symbol Abbreviated term
E energy which is fed back from the hydraulic system into the primary power source, e.g. the electrical
r
grid, or an electrical battery, etc
E primary energy supply of the hydraulic system:
s,in
— primary energy supply for the prime mover of hydraulic systems (chemical, e.g. energy content
of fuel, electrical energy or a combination of these), for prime movers delivering energy in
parallel into others than the considered hydraulic systems and are controlled independently
of these hydraulic systems, see 5.1, second paragraph;
— primary energy supply for heating/cooling (heating or cooling power and coolant flow
power);
— primary energy supply for controls and auxiliary functions (i.e. valves, sensors, electronics,
filtration, etc.);
energy value of the hydraulic system design variant for mix of defined duty cycles;
E
v
N number of duty cycle, i;
i
recuperation power transient during duty cycle;
Pt()
r
P primary power supply transient during duty cycle;
s,in
Q flow rate;
Re Reynolds number;
t end time of duty cycle transient;
dc,e
start time of duty cycle transient;
t
dc,s
v flow velocity;
ΔP power loss;
Δp pressure loss;
5 Design methodology
5.1 General
For the design of energy efficient hydraulic systems, typical duty cycles and functional requirements of
the machines hydraulic systems are designed for shall be used. The boundaries of hydraulic systems shall
include the prime movers. Nevertheless, for the efficiency comparison of hydraulic systems, the type of
prime movers (electrical, combustion or any others) is fixed for the application of this document.
NOTE Prime movers can have a significant effect on the overall efficiency of the machines for which the hydraulic
systems are designed for. This document is not intended for energy type selection of the prime mover.
If prime movers deliver energy
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ISO /TC 131/SC 09/WG 1 9 .
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Secretariat: BSI
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Hydraulic fluid power – — Design methodology for energy efficient
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ISO /FDIS 18464:20242025(en) Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
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spacing: single
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Before: 0 pt, No page break before, Adjust space
ISO copyright office
between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
Asian text and numbers
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Formatted: French (France)
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Formatted: French (France)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Formatted: French (France)
Published in Switzerland
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber, Space After: 0
pt, Line spacing: single
ii © ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left, Space After: 0 pt,
Line spacing: single
Contents
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
5 Design methodology . 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Application based actuator design . 4
5.3 Actuator dimensioning . 4
5.4 Control design . 4
5.5 Design of hydraulic power supplies . 4
5.6 Design of hydraulic power distribution (piping) . 5
5.7 Selection of the hydraulic fluid . 5
5.8 Auxiliary components . 5
5.9 Calculation method of required energy supply . 5
5.10 Rating and comparison method of energy consumption . 6
Annex A (informative) Example overview of energy demand of duty cycle and different
hydraulic system designs . 7
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for energy-efficient hydraulic piping . 8
Bibliography . 10

Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
5 Design methodology . 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Application based actuator design . 3
5.3 Actuator dimensioning . 3
5.4 Control design . 3
5.5 Design of hydraulic power supplies . 4
5.6 Design of hydraulic power distribution (piping) . 4
5.7 Selection of the hydraulic fluid . 4
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
5.8 Auxiliary components . 5
5.9 Calculation method of required energy supply . 5
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
5.10 Rating and comparison method of energy consumption . 5
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Annex A (informative) Example overview of energy demand of duty cycle and different
Formatted: FooterCentered, Left, Line spacing: single
hydraulic system designs . 7
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Annex B (informative) Recommendations for energy-efficient hydraulic piping . 8
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B.1 General. 8
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO /FDIS 18464:20242025(en) Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
B.2 Recommendations for hydraulic piping . 8
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Bibliography . 10
spacing: single
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iv © ISO #### 2025 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/FDIS 18464:2025(en)
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Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left, Space After: 0 pt,
Line spacing: single
Foreword
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 131, Fluid power systems, Subcommittee SC 9,
Installations and systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.www.iso.org/members.html.
Commented [eXtyles1]: The URL
https://www.iso.org/members.html has been redirected to
http://www.iso.org/about/members. Please verify the URL.
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© ISO 2025 – All rights reserved
v
ISO /FDIS 18464:20242025(en) Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
Introduction
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Space After: 0 pt, Line
spacing: single
As environmental impact is a common challenge for all products and as natural resources become scarce,
environmental performance criteria for hydraulic systems need to be defined and the use of these criteria
needs to be specified.
Based on relevant considerations, ISO 18464 is focused on environmental impacts related to the energy
Commented [eXtyles2]: ISO 18464: current stage is 50.00
consumed by hydraulic systems during operation and defines a design process for hydraulic systems including
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
energy consumption as a key criterion.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Energy consumption of hydraulic systems is primarily defined by the type of machine, e.g. lathes, injecti
...