ISO/TS 12913-3
(Main)Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 3: Data analysis
Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 3: Data analysis
This document provides requirements and supporting information on analysis of data collected in-situ through methods as specified in ISO/TS 12913-2.
Acoustique — Paysage sonore — Partie 3: Analyse de données
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ISO/DTS 12913-3
ISO/TC 43/SC 1
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Secretariat: DIN
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
2025-02-14
Data analysis
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Acoustique — Paysage sonore —
2025-04-11
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Reference number
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en) © ISO 2025
FINAL DRAFT
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Technical
Specification
ISO/DTS 12913-3
ISO/TC 43/SC 1
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Secretariat: DIN
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
Data analysis
Voting terminates on:
Acoustique — Paysage sonore —
Partie 3: Analyse de données
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en) © ISO 2025
ii
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General . 1
5 Analysis of quantitative data . 2
6 Analysis of qualitative data . 2
7 Analysis of binaural data . 2
8 Triangulation . 3
Annex A (informative) Analysis of data related to Method A . 4
Annex B (informative) Analysis of data related to Method B .12
Annex C (informative) Analysis of data related to Method C . 14
Annex D (informative) Analysis of binaural data .16
Annex E (informative) Triangulation .20
Bibliography .21
iii
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 12913-3:2019), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— editorial changes throughout the document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12913 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Introduction
The ISO 12913 series on soundscape was developed in order to enable a broad international consensus
and to provide a foundation for communication across disciplines and professions with an interest in
soundscape. ISO 12913-1 provides the definition of and a conceptual framework for the term ‘soundscape’.
ISO/TS 12913-2 provides requirements and supporting information on data collection and reporting for
soundscape studies, investigations and applications. This document provides guidance on how to analyse
data collected in agreement with ISO/TS 12913-2.
v
FINAL DRAFT Technical Specification ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Part 3:
Data analysis
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and supporting information on analysis of data collected in situ
through methods as specified in ISO/TS 12913-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 12913-1, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 1: Definition and conceptual framework
ISO/TS 12913-2:2018, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 2: Data collection and reporting requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12913-1 and ISO/TS 12913-2 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
confounder
factor influencing the collected responses that is not controlled or systematically considered
EXAMPLE Sequential effect, certain scaling effects like the range effect, or demand characteristics.
4 General
As mentioned in the Introduction of ISO/TS 12913-2:2018, “The concept of soundscape was adopted to provide
a holistic approach to the acoustic environment, beyond noise, and its effect on the quality of life. Soundscape
investigations intend to assess all sounds perceived in an environment in all its complexity. To do this, soundscape
studies use a variety of data collection methods related to human perception, the acoustic environment and
the context. Importantly, the study of soundscape relies primarily upon human perception, and only then turns
to physical measurement.” Data collection is based on this focus and requires a respective analysis (see
References [1][2]).
For the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data through methods specified in ISO/TS 12913-2, methods
and tools shall be applied as provided in this document. Given the diversity of the data collected (qualitative
and quantitative), corresponding analysis methods could take precedence depending on the needs of the
project or the research question, and should be integrated for a holistic understanding of the soundscape.
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
In general, descriptive statistics are used to describe and summarize the collected perceptual data, such as
measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion (see Reference [3]).
For quantitative measures of dependence, inferential statistics using parametric and non-parametric
tests shall be applied depending on the respective data. Fulfilment of model assumptions (e.g. normality
distribution) shall be carefully assessed, especially in the case of small numbers of participants. If needed,
appropriate remedial measures shall be applied. However, as soundscape investigations are intended to be
“holistic in covering all auditory sensations as well as all other context variables such as visual stimuli and
personal expectations” [ISO/TS 12913-2], the use of statistical analysis methods (e.g. statistical hypothesis
testing) is recommended, but may be less important in case of qualitative or explorative methods. For
qualitative data, a variety of approaches are available to systematically analyse qualitative data using some
kind of step by step coding principles to generalize the observations.
Because of factors that could influence results, a thorough discussion of potential confounders (i.e. bias
effects) shall complete the general data analysis. Confounders are, for example, the sequential effect (a
previous site influences the assessments of the following site) (see Reference [4]) certain scaling effects, like
the range effect (tendency to use full range of a scale independent from stimuli set) (see Reference [5]), or
demand characteristics (cues, like the instruction text or the behaviour of the person leading the soundwalk,
that signal the research goal and influence assessments) (see Reference [6]).
NOTE Based on the collected data, it is possible to study classification of sites. For the study of classification
of sites, different statistical clustering methods are available, which allows for identifying relevant variables for
clustering and determining the similarity or dissimilarity of sites, based on both acoustical data (see Reference [7])
and perceptual data (see Reference [8]).
5 Analysis of quantitative data
The quantitative data obtained by means of questionnaires in soundscape investigations shall be analysed
depending on the respective level of measurement (i.e. nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio). Any correlation
analysis shall be chosen in accordance with the level of measurement of the questionnaire data. Inferential
statistical tests regarding the level of significance of differences in evaluation between sites and/or
correlations shall be carried out and probability values reported. Any chosen method (e.g. measure of central
tendency, measure of dispersion, correlation analysis, and statistical hypothesis testing method) shall be
reported. For more information, see Annex A (Method A) and Annex B
...
2025-01-27
Style Definition: Figure Graphic: Don't keep with next
Style Definition: Body Text: Space After: 6 pt
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
ISO/TC 43/SC 1
Secretariat: DIN
2025-xx
Formatted: English (United States)
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Formatted: Left
Part 3: Data analysis
Acoustique — Paysage sonore —
Partie 3: Analyse de données
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Commented [eXtyles1]: The reference "ISO 2025" is to a
withdrawn standard
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
Formatted: Pattern: Clear
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either Formatted: Pattern: Clear
ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Contents
Foreword . iviv
Introduction . vv
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 General . 11
5 Analysis of quantitative data . 22
6 Analysis of qualitative data . 22
7 Analysis of binaural data . 3
Field Code Changed
8 Triangulation . 3
Field Code Changed
Annex A (informative) Analysis of data related to Method A . 44
A.1 General . 4
A.2 Analysis of Likert-scale data . 4
A.3 Analysis of circumplex coordinates based on perceptual attribute responses . 5
A.3.1 Using translated attributes and adjusted angles . 7
A.3.2 Statistical analysis and visualisation . 9
Annex B (informative) Analysis of data related to Method B . 12
Field Code Changed
B.1 General . 12
B.2 Determination of central tendencies of responses . 12
B.3 Link of Method B results to acoustic data . 13
Annex C (informative) Analysis of data related to Method C . 14
Field Code Changed
Annex D (informative) Analysis of binaural data . 16
Field Code Changed
D.1 General . 16
D.2 Determination of metrics . 16
D.3 Psychoacoustic mapping . 17
Annex E (informative) Triangulation . 20
Field Code Changed
Bibliography . 2121
iii
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial
rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).www.iso.org/directives).
Commented [eXtyles2]: The URL www.iso.org/directives
has been redirected to https://www.iso.org/directives. Please
verify the URL.
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. ISO in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which
may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible
for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of
the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see
www.iso.org/patents).
Commented [eXtyles3]: The URL www.iso.org/patents
has been redirected to https://www.iso.org/patents. Please
verify the URL.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Commented [eXtyles4]: The URL
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html has been redirected to
https://www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. Please verify the
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 1, Noise.
URL.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 12913-3:2019), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— editorial changes throughout the document.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12913 series can be found on the ISO website.
Commented [eXtyles5]: Invalid reference: "ISO 12913
series"
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
Formatted: Pattern: Clear
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Formatted: Pattern: Clear
Formatted: Pattern: Clear
Commented [eXtyles6]: The URL
www.iso.org/members.html has been redirected to
https://www.iso.org/members.html. Please verify the URL.
iv
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Introduction
The ISO 12913 series on soundscape was developed in order to enable a broad international consensus and
Commented [eXtyles7]: Invalid reference: "ISO 12913
series"
to provide a foundation for communication across disciplines and professions with an interest in soundscape.
ISO 12913-1 provides the definition of and a conceptual framework for the term ‘soundscape’.
ISO/TS 12913--2 provides requirements and supporting information on data collection and reporting for
soundscape studies, investigations and applications. This document provides guidance on how to analyse data
collected in agreement with ISO/TS 12913-2.
v
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
Acoustics — Soundscape —
Part 3: Data analysis
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and supporting information on analysis of data collected in situ
through methods as specified in ISO/TS 12913-2.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
DIN 38455:2022, Calculation of the auditory sensation roughness, DIN
ECMA 418-2:2022, Psychoacoustic metrics for ITT equipment. Part 2 (models based on human
perception)
Commented [eXtyles8]: eXtyles Inline Standards Citation
Match reports that the normative reference "ECMA 418-
2:2022" is not cited in the text.
ISO 12913-1, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 1: Definition and conceptual framework
ISO/TS 12913-2:2018, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 2: Data collection and reporting
requirements
ISO 12913-1, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 1: Definition and conceptual framework
ISO/TS 12913-2:2018, Acoustics — Soundscape — Part 2: Data collection and reporting requirements
Formatted: English (United States)
3 Terms and definitions
Formatted: English (United States)
Formatted: English (United States)
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12913-1 and ISO/TS 12913-2 and
the following apply.
Formatted: English (United States)
ISO and IEC maintain terminologicalterminology databases for use in standardization at the following Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
addresses: Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: Font: 12 pt, English (United States)
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
Commented [eXtyles9]: The URL
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
https://www.iso.org/obp has been redirected to
https://www.iso.org/obp/ui. Please verify the URL.
3.1
Formatted: English (United States)
confounder
Formatted: Indent: Left: 0 cm, Hanging: 0.71 cm,
factor influencing the collected responses that is not controlled or systematically considered
Adjust space between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space
between Asian text and numbers, Tab stops: Not at 0.7
EXAMPLE Sequential effect, certain scaling effects like the range effect, or demand characteristics.
cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm +
4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
4 General
Formatted: English (United States)
As mentioned in the Introduction of ISO/TS 12913-2:2018, “The concept of soundscape was adopted to provide
Formatted: English (United States)
a holistic approach to the acoustic environment, beyond noise, and its effect on the quality of life. Soundscape
Formatted: English (United States)
investigations intend to assess all sounds perceived in an environment in all its complexity. To do this, soundscape
Formatted: Hyperlink, No underline, Font color: Auto,
studies use a variety of data collection methods related to human perception, the acoustic environment and the
English (United States)
ISO/DTS 12913-3:2025(en)
context. Importantly, the study of soundscape relies primarily upon human perception, and only then turns to
physical measurement.” Data collection is based on this focus and requires a respective analysis (see
References [1], [][2]).
For the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data through methods specified in ISO/TS 12913-2, methods
and tools shall be applied as provided in this document. Given the diversity of the data collected (qualitative
and quantitative), corresponding analysis methods could take precedence depending on the needs of the
project or the research question, and should be integrated for a holistic understanding of the soundscape. In
general, descriptive statistics are used to describe and summarize the collected perceptual data, such as
measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion (see Reference [3]).
For quantitative measures of dependence, inferential statistics using parametric and non-parametric tests
shall be applied depending on the respective data. Fulfilment of model assumptions (e.g. normality
distribution) shall be carefully assessed, especially in the case of small numbers of participants. If needed,
appropriate remedial measures shall be applied. However, as soundscape investigations are intended to be
“holistic in covering all auditory sensations as well as al
...
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