ISO 18629-14:2006
(Main)Industrial automation systems and integration — Process specification language — Part 14: Resource theories
Industrial automation systems and integration — Process specification language — Part 14: Resource theories
ISO 18629-14:2006 provides a description of the resource theories of ISO 18629, which defines elements needed for defining resources, resource roles, and resource sets.
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de spécification de procédé — Partie 14: Théories de ressource
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18629-14
First edition
2006-08-15
Industrial automation systems and
integration — Process specification
language —
Part 14:
Resource theories
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Langage de
spécification de procédé —
Partie 14: Théories de ressource
Reference number
ISO 18629-14:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
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ISO 18629-14:2006(E)
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
Content Page
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions. 1
3.2 Abbreviations. 4
4 General information on ISO 18629. 4
5 Organization of ISO 18629-14. 5
6 Resource Requirements theory. 5
6.1 Primitive Relations of the Resource Requirements theory . 5
6.2 Primitive Functions of the Resource Requirements theory. 6
6.3 Defined Relations of the Resource Requirements theory . 6
6.4 Theories required by Resource Requirements . 6
6.5 Definitional extensions required by Resource Requirements . 6
6.6 Informal Semantics of the Resource Requirements theory. 6
6.6.1 requires. 6
6.6.2 resource_point. 7
6.6.3 demand. 7
6.6.4 agg_demand .7
6.6.5 resource . 7
6.7 Definitions in the Resource Requirements theory. 8
6.7.1 Definition 1: . 8
6.8 Axioms of the Resource Requirements theory. 8
6.8.1 Axiom 1 . 8
6.8.2 Axiom 2 . 8
6.8.3 Axiom 3 . 8
6.8.4 Axiom 4 . 9
6.8.5 Axiom 5 . 9
7 Resource Set theory . 9
7.1 Primitive Functions. 9
7.2 Defined Functions. 9
7.3 Theories required by Resource Set . 10
7.4 Definitional Extensions required by Resource Set. 10
7.5 Informal Semantics of the Resource Set theory. 10
7.5.1 resource_set. 10
7.5.2 in_resource_set. 10
7.5.3 resource_subset . 10
7.6 Axioms for the Resource Set theory . 11
7.6.1 Axiom 1 . 11
7.6.2 Axiom 2 . 11
7.6.3 Axiom 3 . 11
7.7 Definitions for the Resource Set theory . 12
7.7.1 Definition 1 . 12
7.7.2 Definition 2 . 12
8 Additive Quantities theory . 12
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
8.1 Primitive Categories in the Additive Quantities theory . 12
8.2 Primitive Functions in the Additive Quantities theory. 12
8.3 Primitive Constants in the Additive Quantities theory. 12
8.4 Primitive Relations in the Additive Quantities theory . 13
8.5 Theories required by Resource Set . 13
8.6 Informal Semantics of the Additive Quantities theory. 13
8.6.1 additive. 13
8.6.2 plus. 13
8.6.3 zero_quantity.13
8.6.4 greater . 13
8.7 Axioms for the Additive Quantities theory. 14
8.7.1 Axiom 1 . 14
8.7.2 Axiom 2 . 14
8.7.3 Axiom 3 . 14
8.7.4 Axiom 4 . 14
8.7.5 Axiom 5 . 14
8.7.6 Axiom 6 . 14
8.7.7 Axiom7 . 15
8.7.8 Axiom 8 . 15
8.7.9 Axiom 9 . 15
8.7.10 Axiom 10. 15
8.7.11 Axiom 11. 16
Annex A (normative) Use of ASN.1 Identifiers in SC4 standards. 17
Annex B (informative) Example of process description using ISO 18629-14. 18
Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………………….25
Index………. 26
Figures
Figure B1: TOP level process for manufacturing a GT350 [10]. 18
Figure B.2: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Engine [10]. 20
Figure B.3: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Block [10]. 21
Figure B.4: PROCESS for manufacturing the 350–Harness [10] . 22
Figure B.5: PROCESS for manufacturing the harness wire [10]. 23
Figure B.6 : Process for manufacturing the 350-Wire [10]. 24
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
Foreword
The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally
carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a
technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee.
International organisations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in
the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 18629 may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 18629-14 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC4, Industrial data.
A complete list of parts of ISO 18629 is available from the Internet.
http://www.tc184-sc4.org/titles
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
Introduction
ISO 18629 is an International Standard for the computer-interpretable exchange of information related
to manufacturing processes. Taken together, all the parts contained in the ISO 18629 Standard provide
a generic language for describing a manufacturing process throughout the entire production process
within the same industrial company or across several industrial sectors or companies, independently
from any particular representation model. The nature of this language makes it suitable for sharing
process information related to manufacturing during all the stages of a production process.
This part of ISO 18629 provides a description of the core elements of the language defined within
ISO 18629.
All parts of ISO 18629 are independent of any specific process representation or model proposed in a
software application in the domain of manufacturing management. Collectively, they provide a
structural framework for improving the interoperability of these applications.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
Industrial automation systems and integration — Process
specification language —
Part 14:
Resource theories
1 Scope
This part of ISO 18629 provides a representation of the concepts that belong to the outer core of the
language, through a set of axioms and definitions. These axioms provide an axiomatization of the
semantics for terminology in this part of ISO 18629.
The following is within the scope of this part of ISO 18629:
⎯ resource;
⎯ relationships between resources and activities;
⎯ resource sets;
⎯ additive quantities.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8824-1: Information technology ― Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) ― Part 1:
Specification of basic notation.
ISO 15531-1: Industrial automation systems and integration ― Industrial manufacturing management
data ― Part 1: General overview.
ISO 18629-1 : Industrial automation systems and integration ― Process specification language ―
Part 1: Overview and basic principles.
ISO 18629-11: 2005, Industrial automation systems and integration ― Process specification language
― Part 11:PSL-core.
ISO 18629-12 : Industrial automation systems and integration ― Process specification language ―
Part 12:PSL Outer core.
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1.1
axiom
well-formed formula in a formal language that provides constraints on the interpretation of symbols in
the lexicon of a language
[ISO 18629-1]
1
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
3.1.2
defined lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote defined concepts
NOTE Defined lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
EXAMPLE terms with conservative definitions.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.3
definitional extension
extension of PSL-Core that introduces new linguistic items which can be completely defined in terms
of the PSL-Core
NOTE: Definitional extensions add no new expressive power to PSL-Core but are used to specify the semantics
and terminology in the domain application.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.4
extension
augmentation of PSL-Core containing additional axioms
NOTE 1 The PSL-Core is a relatively simple set of axioms that is adequate for expressing a wide range of basic
processes. However, more complex processes require expressive resources that exceed those of the PSL-Core.
Rather than clutter the PSL-Core itself with every conceivable concept that might prove useful in describing one
process or another, a variety of separate, modular extensions need to be developed and added to the PSL-Core as
necessary. In this way a user can tailor the language precisely to suit his or her expressive needs.
NOTE 2 All extensions are core theories or definitional extensions.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.5
grammar
specification of how logical symbols and lexical terms can be combined to make well-formed
formulae
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.6
language
combination of a lexicon and a grammar
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.7
lexicon
set of symbols and terms
NOTE The lexicon consists of logical symbols (such as Boolean connectives and quantifiers) and non-logical
symbols. For ISO 18629, the non logical part of the lexicon consists of expressions (constants, function symbols,
and relation symbols) chosen to represent the basic concepts of the ontology.
[ISO 18629-1]
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
3.1.8
manufacturing
function or act of converting or transforming material from raw material or semi-finished state to a
state of further completion
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.9
manufacturing process
structured set of activities or operations performed upon material to convert it from the raw material or
a semifinished state to a state of further completion
NOTE Manufacturing processes may be arranged in process layout, product layout, cellular layout or fixed
position layout. Manufacturing processes may be planned to support make-to-stock, make-to-order, assemble-to-
order, etc., based on strategic use and placements of inventories.
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.10
primitive concept
lexical term that has no conservative definition
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.11
primitive lexicon
set of symbols in the non-logical lexicon which denote primitive concepts
NOTE Primitive lexicon is divided into constant, function and relation symbols.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.1.12
process
structured set of activities involving various enterprise entities, that is designed and organised for a
given purpose
NOTE The definition provided here is very close to that given in ISO 10303-49. Nevertheless ISO 15531 needs
the notion of structured set of activities, without any predefined reference to the time or steps. In addition, from
the point of view of flow management, some empty processes may be needed for a synchronisation purpose
although they are not actually doing anything (ghost task).
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.13
resource
any device, tool and means at the disposal of the enterprise to produce goods or services
NOTE 1 Adapted from ISO 15531-1, so that resources as defined in ISO 15531-1 except raw material, products
and components that are considered from a system theory point of view as parts of the environment of the
system and do not belong to the system itself. Furthermore This definition includes ISO 10303-49 definition but
is included in the definition that applies for ISO 18629-14 and ISO 18629-44 that also include raw materials and
consumables as well as ISO 18629-13.
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
NOTE 2 Resources as they are defined here include human resources considered as specific means with a given
capability and a given capacity. Those means are considered as being able to be involved in the manufacturing
process through assigned tasks. That does not include any modelling of an individual or common behaviour of
human resource excepted in their capability to perform a given task in the manufacturing process (e.g.:
transformation of raw material or component, provision of logistic services). That means that human resources
are only considered, as the other, from the point of view of their functions, their capabilities and their status (e.g.:
idle, busy). That excludes any modelling or representation of any aspect of individual or common «social»
behaviour.
[ISO 15531-1]
3.1.14
theory
set of axioms and definitions that pertain to a given concept or set of concepts
NOTE this definition reflects the approach of artificial intelligence in which a theory is the set of assumptions on
which the meaning of the related concept is based.
[ISO 18629-1]
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purpose of this part of ISO 18629, the following abbreviations apply:
FOL First-Order Logic
BNF Backus-Naur form
KIF Knowledge Interchange Format
PSL Process Specification Language
4 General information on ISO 18629
ISO 18629 specifies a language for the representation of process information, which is a process
specification language. It is composed of a lexicon, an ontology, and a grammar for process
descriptions.
NOTE 1 PSL is a language for specifying manufacturing processes based on a mathematically well defined
vocabulary and grammar. As such, it is different from other languages such as EXPRESS (defined in ISO
10303-11) and used for example in ISO 10303-41, ISO 10303-42, ISO 10303-49, ISO 13584, ISO 15531 and
ISO 15926, that are modelling languages. In the context of an exchange of information between two processes,
PSL specifies each process independently of its behaviour. For example, an object viewed as a resource within
one process can be recognised as the same object even though it is viewed as a product within a second process.
NOTE 2 PSL is based on Mathematical Set Core theory and Situation Calculus (see annex B). As such it follows
a significantly different method of description from the method used by existing languages defined in ISO
10303. The meaning of the concepts within PSL follows from a set of axioms and supporting definitions rather
than from a formal set of defined terms. A set of supporting notes and examples are provided to aid the
understanding of the primitive lexicon of the language.
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
1
The parts 11 to 19 of ISO 18629 specify core theories needed to give precise definitions and the
axioms of the primitive concepts of ISO 18629, thus enabling precise semantic translations between
different schemes.
The following are within the scope of parts 11 to 19 of ISO 18629:
⎯ the representation of the basic elements of the language;
⎯ standardized sets of axioms that correspond to intuitive semantic primitive concepts adequate to
describe basic processes;
⎯ the set of rules to develop other core theories or extensions in compliance with PSL-Core.
The following is outside the scope of parts 11 to 19 of ISO 18629:
⎯ the representation of information involving concepts that are not part of core theories.
5 Organization of this part of ISO 18629
The core theories in this part of ISO 18629 are:
⎯ Resource requirements theory (requires.th);
⎯ Resource set theory (res_set.th);
⎯ Additive quantity theory (additive.th).
All theories in this part of ISO 18629 are extensions of ISO 18629-12 and ISO 18629-11. The
Resource set theory is an extension of the Resource requirements theory.
6 Resource requirements theory
This core theory provides axioms for characterizing resource requirements. The notion of resource is a
relation between an object and an activity – an object is a resource if it is required by some activity.
NOTE The notion of resource here, that in fact is related to resource requirement, is basically different from the
notion of resources from ISO 15531 that in conformity with the system theory excludes raw material ,
component and final product, that are transformed by the system. Then raw material, components, final products
are not part of the system itself. They are part of its environment. Furthermore, in ISO 15531, a resource is
defined independently of any activity (that is especially true for human resources) and is related to a given
activity only in the framework of the system described, when the resource becomes the physical system in
charge of the activity it has to perform. Before its participation in the system a resource is just idle and available
for any kind of activity its able to perform. A Human resource may participate in a milling system on Monday
and participate in a carrying system on Tuesday, or wait for any activity on Wednesday. See annex D of
ISO 15531-31.
6.1 Primitive relations of the Resource requirements theory
The nonlogical lexicon of the Resource requirements theory contains one primitive relation symbol:
⎯ requires.
1
Certain parts are under development.
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
6.2 Primitive functions of the Resource requirements theory
The nonlogical lexicon of the Resource requirements theory contains three primitive function symbols:
⎯ resource_point;
⎯ demand;
⎯ agg_demand.
6.3 Defined relations of the Resource requirements theory
The nonlogical lexicon of the Resource requirements theory contains one defined relation symbol:
⎯ resource.
6.4 Core theories required by Resource requirements theory
This theory requires the following core theories:
⎯ additive.th;
⎯ act_occ.th;
⎯ complex.th;
⎯ subactivity.th;
⎯ occtree.th;
⎯ disc_state.th;
⎯ psl_core.th.
6.5 Definitional extensions required by Resource requirements theory
No definitional extensions are requires by the Resource requirements theory.
6.6 Informal Semantics of the Resource Requirements theory
6.6.1 requires
KIF notation for res_requires:
(res_requires ?a ?r)
Informal semantics for res_requires:
(res_requires ?a ?r) is TRUE in an interpretation of Resource Requirements theory if and only if ?r is
an object that participates in an occurrence of the activity ?a such that ?r constrains the activities that
contain ?a as a subactivity.
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
6.6.2 resource_point
KIF notation for resource_point:
(resource_point ?r ?s)
Informal semantics for resource_point:
(= ?q (resource_point ?r ?s) is TRUE in an interpretation of Resource Requirements theory if and only
if ?q is the quantity of the resource ?r that is available for the atomic activity occurrence ?s.
NOTE: The resource_point function takes an activity occurrence as an argument. Since activity occurrences have
unique beginof and endof timepoints, temporal constraints on resource properties can be expressed by using the
time interval over which the activity occurs.
6.6.3 demand
KIF notation for demand:
(demand ?r ?s)
Informal semantics for demand:
(= ?q (demand ?r ?s)) is TRUE in an interpretation of Resource Requirements theory if and only if ?q
is the quantity of the resource ?r that is associated with the atomic activity occurrence ?s.
NOTE: The demand function takes an activity occurrence as an argument. Since activity occurrences have
unique beginof and endof timepoints, temporal constraints on resource properties can be expressed by using the
time interval over which the activity occurs.
6.6.4 agg_demand
KIF notation for agg_demand:
(agg_demand ?r ?s)
Informal semantics for agg_demand:
(= ?q (agg_demand ?r ?s)) is TRUE in an interpretation of Resource Requirements theory if and only
if ?q is the total demand for the resource ?r prior to the atomic activity occurrence ?s.
NOTE: The agg_demand function takes an activity occurrence as an argument. Since activity occurrences have
unique beginof and endof timepoints, temporal constraints on resource properties can be expressed by using the
time interval over which the activity occurs.
6.6.5 resource
KIF notation for resource
(resource ?r)
Informal semantics for resource:
(resource ?r) is TRUE in an interpretation of Resource Requirements theory if and only if there exists
an activity that requires ?r.
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ISO 18629-14 : 2006 (E)
6.7 Definitions in the Resource Requirements t
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