ISO 12647-2:2013

Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints — Part 2: Offset lithographic processes

ISO 12647-2:2013 specifies a number of process parameters and their values to be applied when producing colour separations, printing formes and print production for four-colour sheet-fed and web-fed offset printing presses excluding coldset offset lithography on newsprint. The parameters and values are chosen in view of the typical process covering the process stages "colour separation", "proof production", "making of the printing forme", "OK print" and "production printing" on all kinds of commercially available production substrates. ISO 12647-2:2013: is directly applicable to press proof prints and printing processes that use colour separation printing formes as input; is applicable to press proof prints and printing processes with more than four process colours as long as direct analogies to four-colour printing are maintained, such as for data and screening, for print substrates and printing parameters; is applicable to printing on cardboard material for packaging; is applicable for all kinds of drying methods such as heat-set, infrared, and ultraviolet; provides references for quality assurance and quality management.

Technologie graphique — Maîtrise des procédés pour la fabrication des séparations de couleur en ton tramé, des épreuves et des tirages en production — Partie 2: Procédés lithographiques offset

l'ISO 12647-2:2013 spécifie un certain nombre de paramètres liés au procédé d'impression et les valeurs cibles applicables pour la séparation couleurs, la préparation de la forme d'impression et la réalisation de tirages de production en quadrichromie imprimés sur des presses offset en feuilles ou rotatives, à l'exception de l'impression offset sans sécheur sur papier journal. Les paramètres et valeurs choisis permettent de définir les étapes typiques du procédé d'impression: «séparation couleurs», «production d'une épreuve», «fabrication de la forme d'impression», «BAT», «tirage imprimé» sur tous types de supports de production disponibles sur le marché. La présente partie de l'ISO 12647: ? s'applique directement aux épreuves BAT réalisées sur presse et aux procédés d'impression utilisant des formes d'impression séparées colorimétriquement en entrée; ? s'applique aux épreuves BAT sur presse et aux procédés d'impression comptant plus de quatre couleurs primaires, du moment que certaines analogies directes avec l'impression en quadrichromie, telles que les données numériques et le tramage, les supports et paramètres d'impression, sont conservées; ? s'applique à l'impression sur carton pour le marché de l'emballage; ? s'applique à toutes sortes de méthodes de séchage telles que l'air chaud, l'infrarouge et l'ultraviolet; ? donne des références pour la mise en place d'une démarche de contrôle et de management de la qualité. Cette partie de l'ISO 12647 ne s'applique pas aux procédés d'impression autres que l'offset, tels que l'impression directe à partir de données numériques sans forme imprimante intermédiaire, ou lorsque la forme imprimante peut être mise à jour à chaque impression et que, par conséquent, chaque impression peut présenter un contenu différent.

Grafična tehnologija - Vodenje procesa izdelave rastriranih barvnih izvlečkov, preskusnih in proizvodnih odtisov - 2. del: Procesi v ofsetnem tisku

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Dec-2013
• ICS: 37.100.01 - Graphic technology in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 130 - Graphic technology
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 130/WG 3 - Process control and related metrology
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Due Date: 12-Dec-2013
• Completion Date: 12-Dec-2013
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 12647-2:2014 - Graphic technology - Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints - Part 2: Offset lithographic processes

Relations

• Revises: ISO 12647-2:2004 - Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints — Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
• Effective Date: 04-Dec-2010
• Revises: ISO 12647-2:2004/Amd 1:2007 - Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints — Part 2: Offset lithographic processes — Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 04-Dec-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 12647-2:2005
SIST ISO 12647-2:2005/Dodatek 1:2010
*UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMD9RGHQMHSURFHVDL]GHODYHUDVWULUDQLKEDUYQLKL]YOHþNRY
SUHVNXVQLKLQSURL]YRGQLKRGWLVRYGHO3URFHVLYRIVHWQHPWLVNX
Graphic technology - Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations,
proof and production prints - Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
Technologie graphique - Maîtrise des procédés pour la fabrication des séparations de
couleur en ton tramé, des épreuves et des tirages en production - Partie 2: Procédés
lithographiques offset
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 12647-2:2013
ICS:
37.100.01 *UDILþQDWHKQRORJLMDQD Graphic technology in
VSORãQR general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12647-2
Third edition
2013-12-15
Graphic technology — Process
control for the production of half-
tone colour separations, proof and
production prints —
Part 2:
Offset lithographic processes
Technologie graphique — Maîtrise des procédés pour la fabrication
des séparations de couleur en ton tramé, des épreuves et des tirages
en production —
Partie 2: Procédés lithographiques offset
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Data files and printing formes . 2
4.3 Proof or production print . 4
5 Measurement methods .18
5.1 Computation of densities, CIELAB colour coordinates and CIELAB colour differences .18
5.2 Control strip .18
Annex A (informative) Grey reproduction and grey balance .19
Annex B (informative) Handling differences in paper colour .23
Bibliography .25
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 130, Graphic Technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition which has been extensively revised. The
revisions include the following:
a) deletion of film-based requirements;
b) changes in proof requirements;
c) changes in printing conditions;
d) changes in the colouration of the primary and secondary solids;
e) introduction of new tone value increase curves;
f) general clean up.
ISO 12647 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology — Process control
for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints:
— Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods
— Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
— Part 3: Coldset offset lithography on newsprint
— Part 4: Publication gravure printing
— Part 5: Screen printing
— Part 6: Flexographic printing
— Part 7: Proofing processes working directly from digital data
— Part 8: Validation print processes working directly from digital data
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This part of ISO 12647 lists values or sets of values of the primary process parameters specified in
ISO 12647-1 and related technical properties of a half-tone offset lithographic print. Primary parameters
constitute a general printing condition and are defined here as the substrate description, the colorant
description, the screening description, the tone value increase and the ink sequence. Since the printing
ink to be used in this International Standard is to conform to ISO 2846-1, it is in general not necessary
to name it as a primary process parameter.
Conformance to the specified values in proof and production printing ensures, in principle, a good visual
match between specimens produced. A visual and in part measurement-wise “proof-to-print match” is
essential for globally consistent printing and publishing workflows in general. A press proof print might
be necessary when using specific printing conditions that use different types of surface finishing.
As the printing and publishing world has accepted former editions of this International Standard, it has
struggled to implement the different paper types. The paper type specifications by means of tristimulus
values, originally defined as a guideline for press proof prints, have been wrongly interpreted as an
exclusive prerequisite for papers to be “in conformance with ISO 12647-2”. In addition, it has become
evident that the paper types defined by this International Standard reflect market papers poorly.
Therefore, some industry groups, while using the general principles of this International Standard, have
established additional printing conditions with different paper specifications.
When revising this International Standard a new paper categorization was established. This was
necessary since there is no agreed upon method to predict the printing behaviour based on colorimetric
readings of the unprinted print substrate. When the visual printing characteristics of typical printed
papers were analysed, different sets of colorant descriptions were identified. A closer look revealed
that these sets corresponded to the surface (CIE whiteness, gloss, and coating) and mass per area
characteristics (opacity).
A print is therefore in conformance with this International Standard when:
— the colorimetric aims of the process colours, defined by the general printing conditions and using
typical means of inking, are achievable;
— by agreement between all parties, an additional printing condition is established and aim values for
this printing condition are clearly communicated, for example by exchanging a characterization.
This International Standard addresses typical industrial printing under feasible economical constraints.
The tolerance values have therefore been chosen to provide a reasonable balance between customer
expectations (meaning small variations), technical production limits and production costs. Assuming
agreements between all parties concerned, tolerances might be tightened especially when primary or
secondary process parameters (e.g. paper) can be fixed in the planning stage.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12647-2:2013(E)
Graphic technology — Process control for the production of
half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints —
Part 2:
Offset lithographic processes
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12647 specifies a number of process parameters and their values to be applied when
producing colour separations, printing formes and print production for four-colour sheet-fed and web-
fed offset printing presses excluding coldset offset lithography on newsprint.
The parameters and values are chosen in view of the typical process covering the process stages “colour
separation”, “proof production”, “making of the printing forme”, “OK print” and “production printing” on
all kinds of commercially available production substrates.
This part of ISO 12647:
— is directly applicable to press proof prints and printing processes that use colour separation printing
formes as input;
— is applicable to press proof prints and printing processes with more than four process colours as
long as direct analogies to four-colour printing are maintained, such as for data and screening, for
print substrates and printing parameters;
— is applicable to printing on cardboard material for packaging;
— is applicable for all kinds of drying methods such as heat-set, infrared, and ultraviolet;
— provides references for quality assurance and quality management.
This part of ISO 12647 is not applicable to processes other than offset such as printing directly from
digital data where there is no intermediate image carrier, or where the image carrier can be refreshed
for each impression and thus each impression can be different in content.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2846-1, Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing —
Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
ISO 8254-1, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging
beam, TAPPI method
ISO 8254-2, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 2: 75 degree gloss with a parallel
beam, DIN method [alternative to ASTM D7163]
ISO/TS 10128, Graphic technology — Methods of adjustment of the colour reproduction of a printing system
to match a set of characterization data
ISO 11475, Paper and board — Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 degrees (outdoor daylight)
ISO 12647-1, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof
and production prints — Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods
ISO 12647-7, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof
and production prints — Part 7: Proofing process
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12647-2
Third edition
2013-12-15
Graphic technology — Process
control for the production of half-
tone colour separations, proof and
production prints —
Part 2:
Offset lithographic processes
Technologie graphique — Maîtrise des procédés pour la fabrication
des séparations de couleur en ton tramé, des épreuves et des tirages
en production —
Partie 2: Procédés lithographiques offset
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Data files and printing formes . 2
4.3 Proof or production print . 4
5 Measurement methods .18
5.1 Computation of densities, CIELAB colour coordinates and CIELAB colour differences .18
5.2 Control strip .18
Annex A (informative) Grey reproduction and grey balance .19
Annex B (informative) Handling differences in paper colour .23
Bibliography .25
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 130, Graphic Technology.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition which has been extensively revised. The
revisions include the following:
a) deletion of film-based requirements;
b) changes in proof requirements;
c) changes in printing conditions;
d) changes in the colouration of the primary and secondary solids;
e) introduction of new tone value increase curves;
f) general clean up.
ISO 12647 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology — Process control
for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints:
— Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods
— Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
— Part 3: Coldset offset lithography on newsprint
— Part 4: Publication gravure printing
— Part 5: Screen printing
— Part 6: Flexographic printing
— Part 7: Proofing processes working directly from digital data
— Part 8: Validation print processes working directly from digital data
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This part of ISO 12647 lists values or sets of values of the primary process parameters specified in
ISO 12647-1 and related technical properties of a half-tone offset lithographic print. Primary parameters
constitute a general printing condition and are defined here as the substrate description, the colorant
description, the screening description, the tone value increase and the ink sequence. Since the printing
ink to be used in this International Standard is to conform to ISO 2846-1, it is in general not necessary
to name it as a primary process parameter.
Conformance to the specified values in proof and production printing ensures, in principle, a good visual
match between specimens produced. A visual and in part measurement-wise “proof-to-print match” is
essential for globally consistent printing and publishing workflows in general. A press proof print might
be necessary when using specific printing conditions that use different types of surface finishing.
As the printing and publishing world has accepted former editions of this International Standard, it has
struggled to implement the different paper types. The paper type specifications by means of tristimulus
values, originally defined as a guideline for press proof prints, have been wrongly interpreted as an
exclusive prerequisite for papers to be “in conformance with ISO 12647-2”. In addition, it has become
evident that the paper types defined by this International Standard reflect market papers poorly.
Therefore, some industry groups, while using the general principles of this International Standard, have
established additional printing conditions with different paper specifications.
When revising this International Standard a new paper categorization was established. This was
necessary since there is no agreed upon method to predict the printing behaviour based on colorimetric
readings of the unprinted print substrate. When the visual printing characteristics of typical printed
papers were analysed, different sets of colorant descriptions were identified. A closer look revealed
that these sets corresponded to the surface (CIE whiteness, gloss, and coating) and mass per area
characteristics (opacity).
A print is therefore in conformance with this International Standard when:
— the colorimetric aims of the process colours, defined by the general printing conditions and using
typical means of inking, are achievable;
— by agreement between all parties, an additional printing condition is established and aim values for
this printing condition are clearly communicated, for example by exchanging a characterization.
This International Standard addresses typical industrial printing under feasible economical constraints.
The tolerance values have therefore been chosen to provide a reasonable balance between customer
expectations (meaning small variations), technical production limits and production costs. Assuming
agreements between all parties concerned, tolerances might be tightened especially when primary or
secondary process parameters (e.g. paper) can be fixed in the planning stage.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12647-2:2013(E)
Graphic technology — Process control for the production of
half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints —
Part 2:
Offset lithographic processes
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12647 specifies a number of process parameters and their values to be applied when
producing colour separations, printing formes and print production for four-colour sheet-fed and web-
fed offset printing presses excluding coldset offset lithography on newsprint.
The parameters and values are chosen in view of the typical process covering the process stages “colour
separation”, “proof production”, “making of the printing forme”, “OK print” and “production printing” on
all kinds of commercially available production substrates.
This part of ISO 12647:
— is directly applicable to press proof prints and printing processes that use colour separation printing
formes as input;
— is applicable to press proof prints and printing processes with more than four process colours as
long as direct analogies to four-colour printing are maintained, such as for data and screening, for
print substrates and printing parameters;
— is applicable to printing on cardboard material for packaging;
— is applicable for all kinds of drying methods such as heat-set, infrared, and ultraviolet;
— provides references for quality assurance and quality management.
This part of ISO 12647 is not applicable to processes other than offset such as printing directly from
digital data where there is no intermediate image carrier, or where the image carrier can be refreshed
for each impression and thus each impression can be different in content.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2846-1, Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing —
Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing
ISO 8254-1, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging
beam, TAPPI method
ISO 8254-2, Paper and board — Measurement of specular gloss — Part 2: 75 degree gloss with a parallel
beam, DIN method [alternative to ASTM D7163]
ISO/TS 10128, Graphic technology — Methods of adjustment of the colour reproduction of a printing system
to match a set of characterization data
ISO 11475, Paper and board — Determination of CIE whiteness, D65/10 degrees (outdoor daylight)
ISO 12647-1, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof
and production prints — Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods
ISO 12647-7, Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof
and production prints — Part 7: Proofing processes working directly from digital data
ISO 13655, Graphic technology — Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts images
ASTM D7163, Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss of Printed Matter [alternative to ISO 8254-2]
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12647-1 and the following apply.
3.1
area coverage
ratio of the area covered with ink to the entire area in an ink zone
3.2
calibration
adjustment based on a comparison between a standard and a unit under test
3.3
characterization data
set of tone values and associated colorimetric values that fully describe a given printing process
3.4
tone value
〈printing forme〉 percentage of surface area that is covered by printing ink
4 Requirements
4.1 General
Digital data files delivered for printing should be accompanied by a digital proof print, a press proof
print, or an OK print from a previous print run.
NOTE Press proof prints are test prints of the data files on a printing press which may serve as a reference
for subsequent printing. While most proofs are digital proofs, for colour- or content-critical work there is a need
for press proof prints with the same setup as the production print.
4.2 Data files and printing formes
4.2
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12647-2
Redline version
compares third edition
to second edition
Graphic technology — Process
control for the production of half-
tone colour separations, proof and
production prints —
Part 2:
Offset lithographic processes
Technologie graphique — Maîtrise des procédés pour la fabrication
des séparations de couleur en ton tramé, des épreuves et des tirages
en production —
Partie 2: Procédés lithographiques offset
Reference number
ISO 12647-2:redline:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 12647-2:redline:2014(E)
IMPORTANT — PLEASE NOTE
This is a mark-up copy and uses the following colour coding:
Text example 1 — indicates added text (in green)
Text example 2 — indicates removed text (in red)
— indicates added graphic figure
— indicates removed graphic figure
1.x . — Heading numbers containg modifications are highlighted in yellow in
the Table of Contents
DISCLAIMER
This Redline version provides you with a quick and easy way to compare the main changes
between this edition of the standard and its previous edition. It doesn’t capture all single
changes such as punctuation but highlights the modifications providing customers with
the most valuable information. Therefore it is important to note that this Redline version is
not the official ISO standard and that the users must consult with the clean version of the
standard, which is the official standard, for implementation purposes.
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12647-2:redline:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Data files, colour-separation films  and printing formes . 3
4.3 Proof or production print . 6
5 Test methods — Tone value and tone-value increase of a print.24
6 5 Reporting of printing conditions Measurement methods .24
5.1 Computation of densities, CIELAB colour coordinates and CIELAB colour differences .24
5.2 Control strip .24
Annex A (informative) Methods for establishing the colour of a standard ink on the paper types .26
Annex B (informative) Dependence of the tone value increase of press printson
screen frequency .28
Annex C A (informative) Grey reproduction and grey balance .30
Annex B (informative) Handling differences in paper colour .34
Bibliography .36
ISO 12647-2:redline:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards areThe procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its
further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval
criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted
in accordance with the rules given ineditorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.
org/directives).
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part ofdocument ISO 12647may
be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
ISO 12647-2 was prepared by Technical CommitteeThe committee responsible for this document is
ISO/TC 130, Graphic Technology.
This secondthird edition cancels and replaces the firstsecond edition (ISO 12647-2:1996), which has
been extensively revised. The revisions include the following:
a) introduction of digital data as inputdeletion of film-based requirements;
b) reduction of the tone value increase by roughly 3 %changes in proof requirements;
c) changes in printing conditions;
c d) changes in the colouration of the primary and secondary solids (Table 2);
d e) introduction of an additional measurement condition with a specified white backingnew tone value
increase curves;
e f) general clean- up.
In view of the misconceptions about the use of density and grey balance values, it was decided to move
this information to an informative annex.
ISO 12647 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology — Process control
for the production of half-tone colour separations, proof and production prints:
— Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods
— Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12647-2:redline:2014(E)
— Part 3: Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint
— Part 4: Publication gravure processprinting
— Part 5: Screen printing
— Part 6: Flexographic printing
— Part 7: Proofing processes working directly from digital data
— Part 8: Validation print processes working directly from digital data
ISO 12647-2:redline:2014(E)
Introduction
Part 1 of ISO 12647 serves to provide definitions, the general principles, the general order of the material
to be covered in the subsequent parts 2 to 6, the definition of the data, the measurement conditions and
the reporting style.
This part of ISO 12647 lists values or sets of values of the primary process parameters specified in
ISO 12647-1 and related technical properties of a half-tone offset lithographic print. Primary parameters
include the screening parametersconstitute a general printing condition and are defined here as the
substrate description, the colorant description, the screening description, the tone value increase, the
colours of the solids and the print substrate. Conformance to the specified values in proof and production
printing assure and the ink sequence. Since the printing ink to be used in this International Standard is
to conform to ISO 2846-1, in principle, a good visual match between specimens produced. Exceptions
from this general observation are discussed in the following paragraphit is in general not necessary to
name it as a primary process parameter.
Conformance to the specified values in proof and production printing ensures, in principle, a good visual
match between specimens produced. A visual and in part measurement-wise “proof-to-print match” is
essential for globally consistent printing and publishing workflows in general. A press proof print might
be necessary when using specific printing conditions that use different types of surface finishing.
The purpose of a proof print is to simulate the visual characteristics of the finished print product as
closely as possibleAs the printing and publishing world has accepted former editions of this International
Standard, it has struggled to implement the different paper types. The paper type specifications by
means of tristimulus values, originally defined as a guideline for press proof prints, have been wrongly
interpreted as an exclusive prerequisite for papers to be “in conformance with ISO 12647-2. In order
to visually match a particular print, off-press proofing processes often require values for solid-tone
coloration and tone-value increase that are different from those of the printing process they are meant
to simulate. This is caused by differences in phenomena such as gloss, light scatter (within the print
substrate or the colorant), metamerism and transparency. Such differences are likely for those off-press
proofing processes in which the print substrate, the colorants and the technology for applying them are
significantly different from offset press printing. In such cases the user or the supplier needs to ensure
that appropriate corrections are specified.”. In addition, it has become evident that the paper types
defined by this International Standard reflect market papers poorly. Therefore, some industry groups,
while using the general principles of this International Standard, have established additional printing
conditions with different paper specifications.
When revising this International Standard a new paper categorization was established. This was
necessary since there is no agreed upon method to predict the printing behaviour based on colorimetric
readings of the unprinted print substrate. When the visual printing characteristics of typical printed
papers were analysed, different sets of colorant descriptions were identified. A closer look revealed
that these sets corresponded to the surface (CIE whiteness, gloss, and coating) and mass per area
characteristics (opacity).
A print is therefore in conformance with this International Standard when:
— the colorimetric aims of the process colours, defined by the general printing conditions and using
typical means of inking, are achievable;
— by agreement between all parties, an additional printing condition is established and aim values for
this printing condition are clearly communicated, for example by exchanging a characterization.
Another problem area is the matching of a digital off-press proof on an opaque substrate to a double-
sided print on a less-than-opaque, lightweight printing paper as used in heat-set web printing. If the
proof is made with colour management profiles based on measurements with white backing, there
will be an unavoidable difference between proof and production prints, placed on a black backing
in accordance with the specifications of this part of This International Standard addresses typical
industrial printing under feasible economical constraints. The tolerance values have therefore been
chosen to provide a reasonable balance between customer expectations (meaning small variations),
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 12647-2:redline:2014(E)
technical production limits and production costsISO 12647. The possible occurrence of such differences
needs to be well communicated, in advance, to the parties concernedAssuming agreements between
all parties concerned, tolerances might be tightened especially when primary or secondary process
parameters (e.g. paper) can be fixed in the planning stage.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12647
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 12647-2
Troisième édition
2013-12-15
Technologie graphique — Maîtrise
des procédés pour la fabrication
des séparations de couleur en ton
tramé, des épreuves et des tirages en
production —
Partie 2:
Procédés lithographiques offset
Graphic technology — Process control for the production of half-tone
colour separations, proof and production prints —
Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2013
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2013
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée
sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie, l’affichage sur
l’internet ou sur un Intranet, sans autorisation écrite préalable. Les demandes d’autorisation peuvent être adressées à l’ISO à
l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
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Version française parue en 2014
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2013 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 2
4 Exigences . 2
4.1 Généralités . 2
4.2 Fichiers de données et formes d’impression . 3
4.3 Épreuve ou tirage de production . 5
5 Méthodes de mesure .19
5.1 Calcul des densités, des coordonnées de couleurs CIELAB et des différences de
couleurs CIELAB .19
5.2 Barre de contrôle .19
Annexe A (informative) Reproduction du gris et balance de gris .20
Annexe B (informative) Traitement des différences de couleurs de papier .24
Bibliographie .26
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne
la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 1. Il convient en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2, (voir www.
iso.org/directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant les
références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de l’élaboration
du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou sur la liste ISO des déclarations de brevets reçues
(voir www.iso.org/patents).
Les éventuelles appellations commerciales utilisées dans le présent document sont données pour
information à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne constituent pas une approbation ou une recommandation.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation
de la conformité, aussi bien que pour des informations au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes de
l’OMC concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC) voir le lien suivant: Avant-propos —
Informations supplémentaires.
Le comité responsable pour le présent document est l’ISO/TC 130, Technologie graphique.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition qui a fait l’objet d’une révision approfondie.
Les révisions incluent ce qui suit:
a) suppression des exigences liées aux films;
b) changements d’exigences applicables aux épreuves;
c) changements de conditions d’impression;
d) changements dans la coloration des aplats primaires et secondaires;
e) introduction de nouvelles courbes d’augmentation de valeur tonale;
f) toilettage général.
La norme ISO 12647 comprend les parties suivantes, regroupées sous le titre général Technologie
graphique — Contrôle des processus de confection de sélections couleurs tramées, d’épreuves et de tirages:
— Partie 1: Paramètres et méthodes de mesure
— Partie 2: Procédés lithographiques offset
— Partie 3: Impression offset sans sécheur sur papier journal
— Partie 4: Processus de gravure
— Partie 5: Sérigraphie
— Partie 6: Processus flexographique
iv © ISO 2013 – Tous droits réservés

— Partie 7: Processus d’épreuve travaillant directement à partir de données numériques
— Partie 8: Processus d’impression de maquette couleur produite à partir de données numériques
Introduction
La présente partie de l’ISO 12647 liste les valeurs ou l’ensemble des valeurs des paramètres primaires
liés au procédé spécifiés dans l’ISO 12647-1 ainsi que les propriétés techniques associées à la réalisation
d’une impression lithographique offset tramée. La définition de l’ensemble des paramètres primaires
constitue ce que l’on appelle une condition d’impression générale. Cette condition d’impression générale
est définie ici comme: la description du support d’impression, la description des colorants, la description
du tramage, l’augmentation de valeur tonale et la séquence d’impression. Dans la mesure où la série
d’encre d’impression à utiliser selon la présente Norme internationale est conforme à l’ISO 2846-1,
il n’est généralement pas nécessaire de la nommer en tant que paramètre primaire de définition du
procédé d’impression.
La conformité par rapport aux valeurs spécifiées dans la présente norme pour les épreuves et le
tirage imprimé assure, en principe, une bonne correspondance visuelle entre les deux. Une bonne
«correspondance entre épreuve et tirage», contrôlée visuellement et pour partie par la mesure, est
essentielle pour obtenir une cohérence générale tout au long du flux d’impression et tout au long de la
chaîne graphique de façon plus générale. Il peut être parfois nécessaire de réaliser une épreuve BAT
sur la presse en cas d’utilisation d’une condition d’impression spécifique faisant appel à des supports
présentant une finition de surface différente de celle des papiers décrits dans la présente norme.
Bien que le monde de l’imprimerie et de l’édition ait depuis longtemps déjà adopté les précédentes
éditions de la présente Norme internationale, il a rencontré beaucoup de difficultés pour intégrer
les différents types de papier qui y étaient décrits. Les spécifications de type de papier au moyen de
valeurs trichromatiques, définies à l’origine comme lignes directrices pour la création des épreuves BAT
sur la presse, ont été perçues à tort comme des paramètres normatifs exigeant l’utilisation exclusive
de papiers «en conformité avec l’ISO 12647-2». De plus, il est apparu évident que les types de papier
définis par la présente Norme internationale ne reflètent pas suffisamment bien les différents types de
papier présents sur le marché. Par conséquent, quelques groupements d’industriels, tout en utilisant
les principes généraux de la présente Norme internationale, ont défini des conditions d’impression
supplémentaires, reposant sur des spécifications de papiers différentes.
Lors de la révision de la présente Norme internationale, une nouvelle catégorisation des types de papier
a été établie. Cette démarche s’est révélée nécessaire car il n’existe pas à ce jour de méthode faisant
l’unanimité pour anticiper sur le comportement d’un support en impression en se basant uniquement sur
la mesure colorimétrique du support d’impression vierge. Après analyse des caractéristiques visuelles
d’impression des papiers imprimés typiques les plus couramment utilisés, différents ensembles de
valeurs ont pu être mis en relation avec les propriétés de surface (degré de blancheur CIE, brillant et
couchage) et de grammage (opacité du support).
Par conséquent, une impression est conforme à la présente Norme internationale si:
— les objectifs colorimétriques des couleurs primaires, définis par les conditions générales d’impression
et faisant appel à des moyens d’encrage typiques, sont atteignables;
— sous réserve d’un accord préalable entre toutes les parties, une condition d’impression
supplémentaire peut être établie et les valeurs cibles associées clairement communiquées, par
exemple en échangeant un fichier de données de caractérisation.
La présente Norme internationale s’adresse typiquement à l’imprimerie industrielle conventionnelle
sous réserve de contraintes économiques acceptables. Par conséquent, les valeurs des tolérances ont été
choisies de manière à offrir un équilibre raisonnable entre les attentes du client (c’est-à-dire de faibles
variations), les limites de la production technique et les coûts de production. En supposant l’existence
d’accords conclus entre toutes les parties impliquées, les tolérances peuvent être resserrées, notamment
lorsque les paramètres de procédés de production primaires ou secondaires (par exemple, le papier)
peuvent être anticipés dès l’étape de planification.
vi © ISO 2013 – Tous droits réservés

NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 12647-2:2013(F)
Technologie graphique — Maîtrise des procédés pour la
fabrication des séparations de couleur en ton tramé, des
épreuves et des tirages en production —
Partie 2:
Procédés lithographiques offset
1 Domaine d’application
Cette partie de l’ISO 12647 spécifie un certain nombre de paramètres liés au procédé d’impression et
les valeurs cibles applicables pour la séparation couleurs, la préparation de la forme d’impression et la
réalisation de tirages de production en quadrichromie imprimés sur des presses offset en feuilles ou
rotatives, à l’exception de l’impression offset sans sécheur sur papier journal.
Les paramètres et valeurs choisis permettent de définir les étapes typiques du procédé d’impression:
«séparation couleurs», «production d’une épreuve», «fabrication de la forme d’impression», «BAT»,
«tirage imprimé» sur tous types de supports de production disponibles sur le marché.
La présente partie de l’ISO 12647:
— s’applique directement aux épreuves BAT réalisées sur presse et aux procédés d’impression utilisant
des formes d’impression séparées colorimétriquement en entrée;
— s’applique aux épreuves BAT sur presse et aux procédés d’impression comptant plus de quatre
couleurs primaires, du moment que certaines analogies directes avec l’impression en quadrichromie,
telles que les données numériques et le tramage, les supports et paramètres d’impression, sont
conservées;
— s’applique à l’impression sur carton pour le marché de l’emballage;
— s’applique à toutes sortes de méthodes de séchage telles que l’air chaud, l’infrarouge et l’ultraviolet;
— donne des références pour la mise en place d’une démarche de contrôle et de management de la
qualité.
Cette partie de l’ISO 12647 ne s’applique pas aux procédés d’impression autres que l’offset, tels que
l’impression directe à partir de données numériques sans forme imprimante intermédiaire, ou lorsque la
forme imprimante peut être mise à jour à chaque impression et que, par conséquent, chaque impression
peut présenter un contenu différent.
2 Références normatives
Les documents référencés ci-après, dans leur intégralité ou non, sont des références normatives
indispensables à l’application du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée
s
...