SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
(Main)Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests
Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests
This part of IEC 60068 provides three standardized and coordinated test methods for
determining the ability of a specimen to withstand specified severities of impact. It is used, in
particular, to demonstrate an acceptable level of robustness when assessing the safety of a
product and is primarily intended for the testing of electrotechnical items. It consists of the
application to the specimen of a prescribed number of impacts defined by their impact energy
and applied in the prescribed directions.
This part of IEC 60068 covers energy levels ranging from 0,14 J (joules) to 50 J (joules).
Three types of test apparatus are applicable to perform these tests. Annex C provides some
guidance as to this aspect.
Umgebungseinflüsse -- Teil 2-75: Prüfungen - Prüfung Eh: Hammerprüfungen
Essais d’environnement -- Partie 2-75: Essais - Essai Eh: Essais au marteau
L'IEC 60068-2-75:2014 fournit trois méthodes d'essai normalisées et coordonnées pour déterminer l'aptitude d'un spécimen à supporter des sévérités spécifiées d'impact. Elle est utilisée en particulier pour démontrer un niveau acceptable de robustesse mécanique pour l'évaluation de la sécurité d'un produit; elle est destinée, en premier lieu, à l'essai de produits électrotechniques. Elle consiste à appliquer au spécimen un nombre prescrit d'impacts définis par leur énergie et appliqués dans des directions spécifiées. La présente partie de l'IEC 60068 couvre les niveaux d'énergie allant de 0,14 J (joules) à 50 J (joules). Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition, parue en 1997, et constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut la modification technique significative suivante par rapport à l'édition précédente:br />
- réexamen de certaines valeurs figurant dans les Tableaux 1 et 2. Bien qu'elles ne soient plus recommandées, certaines valeurs ont été conservées comme alternatives dans un but de cohérence avec la pratique antérieure. Elle a le statut d'une publication fondamentale de sécurité, conformément au Guide 104 de l'IEC.
Okoljsko preskušanje - 2-75. del: Preskusi - Preskus Eh: Preskusi s kladivom (IEC 60068-2-75:2014)
V tem delu standarda IEC 60068 so podane tri standardizirane in koordinirane preskusne metode za določanje vzdržljivosti vzorca na določene stopnje udarca. Uporablja se predvsem za prikaz sprejemljive ravni robustnosti pri ocenjevanju varnosti izdelka in je prvenstveno namenjen preskušanju elektrotehničnih predmetov. Sestavljen je iz uporabe vzorca predpisanega števila udarcev, definiranih glede na silo udarca in uporabljenih v predpisanih smereh.
Ta del standarda IEC 60068 zajema ravni energije od 0,14 J (džulov) do 50 J (džulov). Za izvajanje teh preskusov se uporabljajo tri vrste preskusnih naprav. V dodatku C je podanih nekaj smernic v zvezi s tem.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Okoljsko preskušanje - 2-75. del: Preskusi - Preskus Eh: Preskusi s kladivom (IEC 60068-2-75:2014)Umgebungseinflüsse -- Teil 2-75: Prüfungen - Prüfung Eh: HammerprüfungenEssais d’environnement -- Partie 2-75: Essais - Essai Eh: Essais au marteauEnvironmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests19.040Preskušanje v zvezi z okoljemEnvironmental testingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 60068-2-75:2014SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014en01-december-2014SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 60068-2-75:20011DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 60068-2-75
October 2014 ICS 19.040
Supersedes EN 60068-2-75:1997
English Version
Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - Test Eh: Hammer tests (IEC 60068-2-75:2014)
Essais d'environnement -
Partie 2-75: Essais - Test Eh: Essais au marteau (CEI 60068-2-75:2014)
Umgebungseinflüsse -
Teil: 2-75: Prüfungen - Prüfung Eh: Hammerprüfungen (IEC 60068-2-75:2014) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-10-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 60068-2-75:2014 E SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
EN 60068-2-75:2014 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 104/635/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60068-2-75, prepared by IEC/TC 104 "Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60068-2-75:2014.
The following dates are fixed: • latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-07-08 • latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-10-08
This document supersedes EN 60068-2-75:1997.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60068-2-75:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
- 3 - EN 60068-2-75:2014 Annex ZA (normative)
Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60068-1 -
Environmental testing -
Part 1: General and guidance EN 60068-1 -
IEC 60721-1 -
Classification of environmental
conditions -
Part 1: Environmental parameters
and their severities EN 60721-1 -
IEC Guide 104 -
The preparation of safety publications
and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications - -
IEC Guide 108 -
Guidelines for ensuring the coherency of IEC publications - Application of horizontal standards - -
ISO 1052 -
Steels for general engineering purposes - -
ISO 2039-2 -
Plastics - Determination of hardness -
Part 2: Rockwell hardness EN ISO 2039-2 -
ISO 2041 -
Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring - Vocabulary - -
ISO 2768-1 -
General tolerances -
Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications EN 22768-1 -
ISO 6508 Series
Metallic materials - Rockwell hardness
test EN ISO 6508 Series
SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
IEC 60068-2-75 Edition 2.0 2014-09 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Environmental testing –
Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests
Essais d’environnement –
Partie 2-75: Essais – Test Eh: Essais au marteau INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE V ICS 19.040 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-8322-1842-6
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale ®
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé. SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
– 2 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions. 8 4 Provisions common to all hammer test methods . 8 4.1 Severities . 8 4.1.1 General . 8 4.1.2 Impact energy value . 8 4.1.3 Number of impacts . 9 4.2 Test apparatus . 9 4.2.1 Description . 9 4.2.2 Mounting . 10 4.3 Preconditioning . 10 4.4 Initial measurements . 10 4.5 Testing . 10 4.5.1 General . 10 4.5.2 Attitudes and impact locations . 11 4.5.3 Preparation of the specimen . 11 4.5.4 Operating mode and functional monitoring . 11 4.6 Recovery . 11 4.7 Final measurements . 11 4.8 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 11 5 Test Eha: Pendulum hammer . 12 5.1 Test apparatus . 12 5.1.1 General . 12 5.1.2 Test apparatus for severities not exceeding 1 J . 12 5.1.3 Test apparatus for severities of 2 J and above. 12 5.2 Height of fall . 12 5.3 Testing . 13 6 Test Ehb: Spring hammer . 13 6.1 Test apparatus . 13 6.2 Influence of earth's gravity . 14 6.3 Calibration . 14 7 Test Ehc: Vertical hammer . 14 7.1 Test apparatus . 14 7.2 Height of fall . 14 Annex A (normative)
Shapes of striking elements . 15 Annex B (normative)
Procedure for the calibration of spring hammers. 18 B.1 Principle of calibration . 18 B.2 Construction of the calibration device . 18 B.3 Method of calibration of the calibration device . 18 B.4 Use of the calibration device. 19 Annex C (informative)
Guidance notes. 25 C.1 When is an impact test appropriate? . 25 SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
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C.2 Choice of test apparatus. 25 C.3 Choice of energy level . 25 C.4 Information for testing . 26 Annex D (informative)
Example of pendulum hammer test apparatus . 27 Annex E (informative)
Example of spring hammer test apparatus . 30 Bibliography . 32
Figure 1 – Example sketch of a striking element . 10 Figure 2 – Derivation of measuring point . 13 Figure 3 – Shape of release head for 2 J . 14 Figure A.1 – Example of a striking element for ≤ 1 J . 15 Figure A.2 – Example of a striking element for 2 J . 15 Figure A.3 – Example of a striking element for 5 J . 16 Figure A.4 – Example of a striking element for 10 J . 16 Figure A.5 – Example of a striking element for 20 J . 17 Figure A.6 – Example of a striking element for 50 J . 17 Figure B.1 – Calibration device . 20 Figure B.2 – Pendulum "c" . 21 Figure B.3 – Steel spring of pendulum "c" . 21 Figure B.4 – Details of calibration device . 22 Figure B.5 – Arrangement for the calibration of the calibration device . 23 Figure B.6 – Division of scale plate "f" . 24 Figure D.1 – Test apparatus . 27 Figure D.2 – Striking element of the pendulum hammer for energies ≤ 1 J . 28 Figure D.3 – Mounting fixture . 28 Figure D.4 – Adapter for flush-type switches . 29 Figure D.5 – Adapter for lamp holders . 29 Figure E.1 – Spring hammer test apparatus . 31
Table 1 – Coordinated characteristics of the striking elements . 9 Table 2 – Height of fall . 12 Table C.1 – Energy levels in joules . 25 Table E.1 – Kinetic energy of striking element . 30
SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
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ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-75: Tests –
Test Eh: Hammer tests
FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60068-2-75 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104: Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1997, and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous edition: – reconsideration of some values in Tables 1 and 2. Although some values are no longer recommended, they have been retained as alternatives for historical consistency purposes.
It has the status of:a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104. SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 104/635/FDIS 104/637/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 60068 series, published under the general title Environmental testing, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed, • withdrawn, • replaced by a revised edition, or • amended.
SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
– 6 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 INTRODUCTION Mechanical impacts likely to stress electrotechnical equipment in service can be generated by hammers of various types. For standardization purposes, the results of such testing should not depend on the type of testing apparatus and therefore, the characteristics of the various types of test hammers described in this part of IEC 60068 are intended to be as close as practicable for the same severity level. It is important to note that both Clause 3 and the test method selected from Clauses 4, 5, and 6 need to be complied with in order to satisfy the requirements of this International Standard. The severity levels are, in general, taken from IEC 60721-1. For coordination purposes, it has been necessary to change certain fundamental parameters of the previous tests Ef: Impact, pendulum hammer, and Eg: Impact, spring hammer. In all cases, both sets of parameters are shown at the appropriate places in the text. Although some values are no longer recommended, they have been retained as alternatives for historical consistency purposes. This is because they have application in certain industries as historic comparators. SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
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ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-75: Tests –
Test Eh: Hammer tests
1 Scope This part of IEC 60068 provides three standardized and coordinated test methods for determining the ability of a specimen to withstand specified severities of impact. It is used, in particular, to demonstrate an acceptable level of robustness when assessing the safety of a product and is primarily intended for the testing of electrotechnical items. It consists of the application to the specimen of a prescribed number of impacts defined by their impact energy and applied in the prescribed directions. This part of IEC 60068 covers energy levels ranging from 0,14 J (joules) to 50 J (joules). Three types of test apparatus are applicable to perform these tests. Annex C provides some guidance as to this aspect. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance IEC 60721-1, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 1: Environmental parameters and their severities IEC Guide 104, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications and group safety publications IEC Guide 108, Guidelines for ensuring the coherency of IEC publications – Application of horizontal standards ISO 1052, Steels for general engineering purposes ISO 2039-2, Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 2: Rockwell hardness ISO 2041, Vibration and shock and condition monitoring – Vocabulary ISO 2768-1, General tolerances – Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerances indications ISO 6508 (all parts), Metallic materials – Rockwell hardness test SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
– 8 – IEC 60068-2-75:2014 © IEC 2014 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions used
in ISO 2041 or in IEC 60068-1, together with the following, apply. 3.1
combined mass of the striking element sum of the masses of the striking element and of the element's fixing system 3.2
fixing point part of the specimen in contact with the mounting fixture at the point where the specimen is normally fastened in service 3.3
equivalent mass mass of the striking element and any relevant portions of the test apparatus which, combined with its velocity, provides the impact energy Note 1 to entry: For the particular application to the pendulum hammer apparatus, mass of the simple pendulum hammer calculated from the measure of the vertical force (in newtons) to be applied in the axis of the striking element to maintain the arm of the pendulum in a horizontal position, divided by the earth's gravity. When the mass of the arm is evenly distributed, the equivalent mass is equal to the sum of the combined mass of the striking element plus half the mass of the arm. 3.4
measuring point point marked on the surface of the striking element where the line through the point of intersection of the axes of the arms of both of the pendulum and of the striking element, and perpendicular to the plane through both axes, meets the surface (see Figure 2). Note 1 to entry: In some IEC standards which include a pendulum hammer test, the term "checking point" has been used but it has not been used here in order to avoid confusion with "check point " in other parts of IEC 60068-2. Note 2 to entry: Theoretically, the centre of gravity of the striking element should be the measuring point. In practice, the centre of gravity is either difficult to determine or inaccessible, and the measuring point is therefore defined as above. 3.5
height of fall vertical distance between the position of the measuring point when the pendulum is released and its position at the moment of impact (see Figure D.1). 4 Provisions common to all hammer test methods 4.1 Severities 4.1.1 General The severity is defined by the impact energy value chosen from 4.1.2, and the number of impacts according to 4.1.3. 4.1.2 Impact energy value The impact energy value shall be one of the following, as prescribed by the relevant specification:
0,14 – 0,2 – (0,3) – 0,35 – (0,4) – 0,5 – 0,7 – 1 – 2 – 5 – 10 – 20 – 50 J (joules). SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
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NOTE Figures in brackets appear in previous IEC 60068-2 standards, although no longer recommended, they may be used for historic consistency. 4.1.3 Number of impacts Unless otherwise prescribed by the relevant specification, the number of impacts shall be three per location. 4.2 Test apparatus 4.2.1 Description Three types of test apparatus are available to perform these tests:
– the pendulum hammer; – the spring hammer; – the vertical hammer. The types of test apparatus are defined in Clauses 5, 6 and 7 as tests Eha, Ehb and Ehc, respectively. The coordinated characteristics of the striking element are, in principle, similar in all three cases and are stated in Table 1 in relation to the outline shown in Figure 1. Dimensions are in millimetres. Tolerances are as per class m of ISO 2768-1, unless otherwise stated. Table 1 – Coordinated characteristics of the striking elements Energy value J ≤1 2 5 10 20 50 ±10 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % ±5 % Equivalent mass
±2 % kg 0,25 (0,2) 0,5 1,7 5 5 10 Material Polyamide a Steel b R
mm 10 25 25 50 50 50 D
mm 18,5 (20) 35 60 80 100 125 f
mm 6,2(10) 7 10 20 20 25 r
mm – – 6 – 10 17 l
mm To be adjusted to match the equivalent mass, see Annex A. a 85 ≤ HRR ≤100, Rockwell hardness according to ISO 2039-2. b Fe 490-2, according to ISO 1052: Rockwell hardness: HRE 80.85 according to ISO 6508. NOTE The values shown in brackets for the equivalent mass and the diameter of the striking element for the energy value equal to or less than 1 J are those in the current test Ef. The values currently in test Eg are also shown for these two parameters. Although, for coordination reasons, these values are no longer recommended, they are used by some industries for historical comparison purposes.
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Figure 1 – Example sketch of a striking element The striking surface shall be visually examined before each impact in order to ensure that there is no damage that might affect the result of the test. 4.2.2 Mounting As prescribed by the relevant specification, the specimen shall either a) be mounted by its normal means on a rigid plane support, or b) be placed against a rigid plane support. In order to ensure that the specimen is rigidly supported, it may be necessary when performing the test to place the specimen against a plane solid support, for example a wall or a floor made of brick or concrete, covered by a sheet of polyamide which is tightly fixed to the support. Care shall be taken to ensure that there is no appreciable air gap between the sheet and the support. The sheet shall have a Rockwell hardness of 85 ≤HRR ≤100 according to ISO 2039-2, a thickness of approximately 8 mm and a surface area such that no parts of the specimen are mechanically over-stressed due to the supporting area being insufficient. The mounting arrangement is deemed to be sufficiently rigid if the displacement of the impact surface of the plane support does not exceed 0,1 mm when struck by an impact applied directly to it with the same level of energy as for the specimen. NOTE 1 For specimens to be subjected to impact energies not exceeding 1 J, some examples of mounting and support are shown in Figures D.3, D.4 and D.5. NOTE 2 When the mass of the mounting is at least 20 times that of the specimen, the rigidity of the mounting is likely to be sufficient. 4.3 Preconditioning The relevant specification may call for preconditioning; it shall then prescribe the conditions. 4.4 Initial measurements The specimen shall be submitted to the visual, dimensional and functional checks prescribed by the relevant specification. 4.5 Testing 4.5.1 General Secondary impacts, i.e. rebounds, shall be avoided. r R f l D IEC Axis of striking
element SIST EN 60068-2-75:2014
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4.5.2 Attitudes and impact locations The relevant specification shall prescribe the attitudes of the specimen and the locations on the specime
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