SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
(Main)Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and tests (ISO 13500:1998)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and tests (ISO 13500:1998)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrien - Bohrspülungen - Spezifikationen und Prüfungen (ISO 13500:1998)
Diese Internationale Norm umfaßt physikalische Stoffeigenschaften sowie Prüfverfahren für Stoffe, die für die Verwendung in Erdöl- und Erdgas-Bohrspülungen hergestellt wurden. Die hier behandelten Stoffe sind: Schwerspat, Hämatit, Bentonit, unbehandelter Bentonit, Bentonit in OCMA-Qualität, Attapulgit, Sepiolith, niedrigviskose Carboxymethylcellulose in technischer Qualität (CMC-LVT), hochviskose Carboxymethylcellulose in technischer Qualität (CMC-HVT) und Stärke. Die vorliegende Internationale Norm ist für den Gebrauch durch Hersteller von Markenprodukten vorgesehen.
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de forage - Spécifications et essais (ISO 13500:1998)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and tests (ISO 13500:1998)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
01-december-2000
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and
tests (ISO 13500:1998)
Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling fluid materials - Specifications and tests
(ISO 13500:1998)
Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrien - Bohrspülungen - Spezifikationen und Prüfungen (ISO
13500:1998)
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Fluides de forage - Spécifications et essais (ISO
13500:1998)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13500:1998
ICS:
75.180.10 Oprema za raziskovanje in Exploratory and extraction
odkopavanje equipment
SIST EN ISO 13500:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13500
First edition
1998-07-01
Petroleum and natural gas industries —
Drilling fluid materials — Specifications and
tests
Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel — Fluides de forage —
Spécifications et essais
A
Reference number
ISO 13500:1998(E)
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
ISO 13500:1998(E)
Contents
Page
Scope.
1 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Definitions and abbreviations. 2
4 Requirements. 2
5 Calibration. 3
6 Packaged materials . 13
7 Barite. 15
8 Haematite. 24
9 Bentonite. 34
10 Nontreated bentonite . 36
11 OCMA grade bentonite . 39
12 Attapulgite . 42
13 Sepiolite . 45
14 Technical grade low-viscosity CMC (CMC-LVT) . 48
15 Technical grade high-viscosity CMC (CMC-HVT) . 51
16 Starch. 54
Annex A (informative) Mineral impurities in barite . 58
Annex B (informative) Test precision. 59
Annex C (informative) Examples of calculations. 64
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
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ISO ISO 13500:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collab-
orates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on
all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 13500 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum and
natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 3, Drilling and completion fluids,
and well cement.
Annexes A, B and C of this International Standard are for information only.
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ISO 13500:1998(E) ISO
Introduction
This International Standard covers materials which are in common usage in
petroleum and natural gas drilling fluids. These materials are used in bulk
quantities, can be purchased from multiple sources, and are available as
commodity products. No single-source or limited-source products are
included, nor are speciality products.
International Standards are published to facilitate communication between
purchasers and manufacturers, to provide interchangeability between
similar equipment and materials purchased from different manufacturers
and/or at different times, and to provide an adequate level of safety when
the equipment or materials are utilised in the manner and for the purposes
intended. This International Standard provides minimum requirements and
is not intended to inhibit anyone from purchasing or producing materials to
other standards.
This International Standard is substantially based on API Spec 13A,
th
15 Edition, May 1, 1993. The purpose of this International Standard is to
provide product specifications for barite, haematite, bentonite, nontreated
bentonite, Oil Companies Materials Association (OCMA) grade bentonite,
attapulgite, sepiolite, technical-grade low viscosity carboxymethylcellulose
(CMC-LVT), technical-grade high viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-
HVT), and starch.
The intent of the document was to incorporate all International Standards
for drilling fluid materials into an ISO formatted document. A survey of the
industry found that only the American Petroleum Institute (API) issued
testing procedures and specification standards for these materials.
Reference to OCMA materials has been included in API work, as the
OCMA and subsequent holding committees were declared defunct, and all
specifications were submitted to API in 1983.
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SIST EN ISO 13500:2000
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 13500:1998(E)
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluid
materials — Specifications and tests
1 Scope
This International Standard covers physical properties and test procedures for materials manufactured for use in oil-
and gas-well drilling fluids. The materials covered are barite, haematite, bentonite, nontreated bentonite, OCMA
grade bentonite, attapulgite, sepiolite, technical grade low-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-LVT), technical
grade high-viscosity carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-HVT), and starch. This International Standard is intended for the
use of manufacturers of named products.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 6780:1988, General-purpose flat pallets for through transit of goods — Principal dimensions and tolerances
API RP 13B-1, Recommended Practice Standard Procedure for Field Testing Water-Based Drilling Fluids (second
1)
edition, 1997)
API RP 13K, Recommended Practice for Chemical Analysis of Barite (second edition, 1996)
APME 1993 (Association of Plastic Manufacturers in Europe)
ASTM D422, Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (1963)
ASTM E11, Standard Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes (1995)
ASTM E77, Standard Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers (1992)
ASTM E691, Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test
Method. (1992)
ASTM E177, Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods (1990)
NIST (NBS) Monograph 150
1)
ISO 10414-1 under preparation.
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3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1.1
ACS reagent grade
chemicals which meet purity standards as specified by the American Chemical Society (ACS)
3.1.2
flash side
side containing residue ("flash") from stamping; also, the side with concave indentations
3.2 Abbreviations
ACS American Chemical Society
API American Petroleum Institute
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
CAS Chemical Abstracts Service
CMC-HVT Carboxymethylcellulose — High viscosity technical grade
CMC-LVT Carboxymethylcellulose — Low viscosity technical grade
OCMA Oil Companies Materials Association
NBS National Bureau of Standards
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
TC To contain
TD To deliver
4 Requirements
4.1 Quality control instructions
All quality control work shall be controlled by manufacturer's documented instructions, which include appropriate
methodology and quantitative or qualitative acceptance criteria.
4.2 Use of test calibration materials in checking testing procedures
4.2.1 Test Calibration Barite Lot 001 and Lot 002, and Test Calibration Bentonite can be obtained by contacting the
2)
API . The calibration test materials are shipped in a 7,6 litre (2 gallon) plastic container.
NOTE Test Calibration Barite 001 will be routinely supplied until quantities are exhausted, at which time Test Calibration
Barite 002 will take its place.
2)
American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005-4070, USA.
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4.2.2 The API office will forward the request to the designated custodian for further handling. The test calibration
products will be furnished with a certificate of calibration giving the established values for each property and the
confidence limits within which a laboratory's results shall fall.
4.2.3 The custodian shall furnish a certificate of analysis for each sample.
4.2.4 For calibration requirements of API Test Calibration Materials, refer to 5.2.11 and 5.3.10.
4.2.5 API Standard Evaluation Base Clay (formerly OCMA Base Clay - Not OCMA Grade Bentonite): Stocks of API
Standard Evaluation Base Clay have been set aside and can be ordered through the API.
4.3 Records retention
All records specified in this International Standard shall be maintained for a minimum of five years from the date of
preparation.
5 Calibration
5.1 Coverage
5.1.1 This clause covers calibration procedures and calibration intervals for laboratory equipment and reagents
specified. For laboratory items not listed, the manufacturer shall develop procedures where deemed appropriate.
5.1.2 The manufacturer shall control, calibrate, verify, and maintain the laboratory equipment and reagents used in
this standard for measuring product conformance to standard requirements.
5.1.3 The manufacturer shall maintain and use laboratory equipment and reagents in a manner such that
measurement uncertainty is known and meets required measurement capability.
5.1.4 The manufacturer shall document and maintain calibration procedures, including details of laboratory
equipment and reagent type, identification number, frequency of checks, acceptance criteria, and corrective action
to be taken when results are unsatisfactory.
5.1.5 The manufacturer shall establish and document responsibility for administration of the calibration program,
and responsibility for corrective action.
5.1.6 The manufacturer shall document and maintain calibration records for laboratory equipment and reagents;
shall periodically review these records for trends, sudden shifts or other signals of approaching malfunction; and
shall identify each item with a suitable indicator or approved identification record to show calibration status.
5.2 Apparatus and reagents
5.2.1 Volumetric glassware
Laboratory volumetric glassware used for final acceptance, including Le Chatelier flasks, pipettes, and burettes, are
usually calibrated by the supplier. Manufacturers of products to this International Standard shall document evidence
of glassware calibration prior to use. Supplier certification is acceptable. Calibration may be checked gravimetrically.
Periodic recalibration is not required.
5.2.2 Laboratory thermometers
The manufacturer shall calibrate all laboratory thermometers used in measuring product conformance to standards
against a secondary reference thermometer. The secondary reference thermometer shall show evidence of
calibration as performed against NIST certified master instruments in accordance with the procedures outlined by
ASTM E77-92 and NBS (NIST) Monograph 150.
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5.2.3 Laboratory balances
The manufacturer shall calibrate laboratory balances periodically in the range of use with NIST Class P, Grade 3, or
better weights; and shall service and adjust balances whenever calibration indicates a problem.
5.2.4 Sieves conforming to ASTM E11
Approximate dimensions are 76 mm diameter and 69 mm from top of frame to wire cloth. Barite (clause 7) and
haematite (clause 8) manufacturers shall calibrate 75 μm sieves using API Test Calibration Barite with established
values for residue retained. Haematite (clause 8) manufacturers shall calibrate 45 μm sieves using a suitable
quantity of uniform haematite. Bentonite (clause 9), OCMA grade bentonite (clause 11), attapulgite (clause 12) and
sepiolite (clause 13) manufacturers shall calibrate 75 μm sieves using API Test Calibration Bentonite. No sieve
calibration is available for CMC-Low Viscosity Technical Grade, CMC-High Viscosity Technical Grade and starch,
as no reference material and sieve calibration has been established.
5.2.5 Hydrometer
The manufacturer shall calibrate each hydrometer with the dispersant solution used in the sedimentation procedure.
5.2.6 Motor-driven direct-indicating viscometer
The manufacturer shall calibrate each meter with 20 mPa·s and 50 mPa·s, certified standard silicone fluids.
5.2.7 Laboratory pressure-measuring device
The manufacturer shall document evidence of laboratory pressure-measuring device calibration prior to use.
5.2.8 Mixer
3)
(e.g. Multimixer® Model 9B with 9B29X impeller blades or equivalent, mounted flash side up): The manufacturer
shall verify that all spindles rotate at 11 500 r/min ± 300 r/min under no load with one spindle operating. Each
spindle will be fitted with a single sine-wave impeller approximately 25 mm in diameter mounted flash side up. New
impellers shall be weighed prior to installation, with mass and date recorded.
5.2.9 Chemicals and solutions
Shall meet ACS or international equivalent reagent grade if available.
5.2.10 Deionized (or distilled) water
Manufacturer shall develop, document, and implement a method to determine hardness of water. The water shall
not be used if hardness is indicated.
5.2.11 API Test Calibration Materials
Manufacturer shall perform in-house verification of API Test Calibration Barite and/or (where applicable) API Test
Calibration Bentonite for properties listed with their Certificates of Analysis.
5.3 Calibration intervals
5.3.1 General
Any instrument subjected to movement which can affect its calibration shall be recalibrated prior to use.
3)
Multimixer® Model 9B is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this International Standard and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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5.3.2 Thermometers
Calibrate each thermometer before being put into service. After calibration, mark each thermometer with an
identifying number that ties it to its corresponding correction chart. Check calibration annually against the secondary
reference thermometer.
5.3.3 Laboratory balances
Calibrate each balance prior to being put into service. Check calibration at least once per month for six months, then
at least once per six months if required measurements capability is being maintained. If not, service and recalibrate,
then check at least once per month until required measurement capability is maintained for six months, then once
per six months.
5.3.4 Sieves
Calibrate each sieve (where required: see 5.2.4) prior to being put into service. Check calibration at least once per
40 tests. After calibration, mark each sieve with an identifying number that ties it to its correction record. Since sieve
calibration will change with use, maintain an up-to-date correction record.
5.3.5 Hydrometer
Calibrate each hydrometer prior to its being put into service. After calibration, note and record each hydrometer
identifying number that ties it to its correction chart. Periodic recalibration is not required.
5.3.6 Motor-driven direct-indicating viscometers
Calibrate each viscometer prior to its being put into service. Check calibration at least once per week for three
months, then at least once per month if required measurement capability is being maintained.
5.3.7 Mixer
(e.g. Multimixer® Model 9B with 9B29X impellers or equivalent): Check and record mixer spindle speed at least
once every 90 days to ensure operation within the prescribed r/min range, using a phototachometer or similar
device. Remove, clean, dry, and weigh each impeller blade in service at least once every 90 days. Record masses,
and replace blades when mass drops below 90 % of its original value.
5.3.8 Deionized (or distilled) water
Manufacturer shall determine hardness of water whenever a new batch of water is prepared or purchased, or
whenever deionizing cartridges are replaced.
5.3.9 Laboratory pressure-measuring devices
Manufacturer shall document evidence of laboratory pressure-measuring device calibration prior to placing into
service and annually thereafter.
5.3.10 API Test Calibration Materials
Manufacturer shall test the applicable API Test Calibration Material(s) at least once per three months.
5.4 Calibration procedure — Thermometers
5.4.1 Place thermometer to be calibrated side by side with secondary reference thermometer into a constant-
temperature water bath (or suitable container of 4 litres or more, filled with water, on a counter in a constant-
temperature room) and allow to equilibrate for at least 1 h.
5.4.2 Read both thermometers and record readings.
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5.4.3 Repeat readings throughout at least a 1-h interval to obtain a minimum of four readings.
5.4.4 Calculate the average and the range of readings for each thermometer. The difference between the range of
readings for each thermometer shall not exceed 0,1 °C, or the smallest scale division on the thermometer being
calibrated.
5.4.5 Calculate average deviation of thermometer reading from secondary reference thermometer reading.
Calculate and document correction for each thermometer.
5.5 Calibration procedure — Sieve 75 μm (5.2.4) for barite, haematite, bentonite, attapulgite and
sepiolite
NOTE Bentonite is tested by this calibration procedure with the following changes noted:
a) Take at least three samples of approximately 10 g Test Calibration Bentonite per 9.8.
b) Test each sample per 9.8 using the certified sieve described in 5.5.1.
c) Continue procedure outlined in 5.5.4 through 5.5.10.
5.5.1 Obtain a 75-μm sieve with a certified centreline value.
5.5.2 Take at least three samples of approximately 50 g dry API Test Calibration Barite (TCB).
5.5.3 Test each of the samples per 7.9 using the certified sieve described in 5.5.1.
5.5.4 Calculate % residue, R, for each sample by:
(mass of residue, g)
% Residue,R = 100 (1)
(mass of sample, g)
5.5.5 Calculate average % residue, S, of test calibration material on certified sieve by:
RR++R +K12 3
S = (2)
N
where
R + R + R is the sum of each individual test result
1 2 3
N is the number of samples tested
Individual sample values shall agree within ± 0,2 of their average. If not, review test procedure technique and
equipment operation for sources of error. Make corrections where needed and repeat.
5.5.6 From the intersection of % residue and certified sieve opening size on the Sieve Calibration Graph, Figure 1,
determine the calibration line (A, B, C, etc.) for use with the specific container of test calibration material. Record
this and identify the container with this value.
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Figure 1 — Sieve calibration graph, 75 μm sieve
5.5.7 Repeat 5.5.2 through 5.5.4 except substitute the working sieve to be calibrated from the certified sieve.
5.5.8 Calculate average % residue, R , of test calibration material on working sieve by:
a
RR+++RK12 3
R
= (3)
a
N
Individual sample values shall agree within ± 0,2 of their average. If not, review test procedure technique and
equipment operation for sources of error. Make corrections where needed and repeat, beginning at 5.5.7.
5.5.9 From Sieve Calibration Graph, Figure 1, determine the working sieve opening size to the nearest whole
value from intersection of % residue and the calibration line from 5.5.6 above. Record the working sieve opening
size and identify the calibrated sieve and test calibration material container.
5.5.10 Determine correction value (C) for working sieve from Table 1. Record this value and identify it with the
calibrated sieve and specified test calibration material container.
NOTE The sieve correction value obtained from Table 1 as specified is a number to be added to the residue value obtained
on a test sample. (Negative values are subtracted.)
5.5.10.1 Example of barite sieve correction value determination:
Certified sieve size = 73 μm
Test calibration barite average % residue on certified sieve, S = 2,0 %
Calibration line = F
Test calibration barite average % residue on working sieve, R = 1,3 %
a
Working sieve size average opening (determined from sieve calibration graph, Figure 1) = 78 μm
Correction value (from Table 1), C = + 0,4 %
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5.5.10.2 Example of sieve correction application:
Sieve correction value, C = + 0,4 %
Test sample % residue, R = 2,8 %
s
Corrected test sample % residue, R = 2,8 % + 0,4 % = 3,2 %
c
These correction values are valid from 0 % to 4 % residue retained on sieve.
NOTE Correction values are rounded to the nearest 0,1.
4)
Table 1 — Correction values (C) for 75 μm sieves
b
Working sieve size Correction size :
a
Average opening ,
μm
Barite/Haematite Bentonite
70 20,7 20,3
71 20,6 20,2
72 20,4 0
73 20,3 0
74 20,1 0
75 0 0
76 + 0,1 0
77 + 0,3 0
78 + 0,4 0
79 + 0,6 + 0,2
80 + 0,7 + 0,3
a
Determined from sieve calibration graph, Figure 1.
b
Value to be added to test result of sample tested on sieve to convert
results to equivalent 75 μm (NOTE Negative values are subtracted).
5.6 Calibration procedure — Sieve 45 μm (5.2.4) for haematite
5.6.1 Obtain a 45-μm sieve with a certified centreline value.
5.6.2 Obtain a suitable quantity of uniform haematite sufficient to last six months or longer. Mix thoroughly and
store in a closed container. Identify this as "uniform haematite for 45-μm sieve calibration." Take at least three
samples of approximately 50 g dry haematite.
5.6.3 Test each of the samples per 8.9 using the certified sieve described in 5.6.1.
5.6.4 Calculate % residue, R, for each sample by:
mass of residue, g
()
% Residue, R = 100 (1)
()mass of sample, g
4)
ASTM sieve specifications allow ± 5 μm variation.
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5.6.5 Calculate average % residue, S, of test calibration material on certified sieve by:
RR++R+K12 3
S= (2)
N
where
R + R + R is the sum of each individual test result
1 2 3
N is the number of samples tested
Individual sample values shall agree within ± 0,5 of their average. If not, review test procedure technique and
equipment operation for sources of error. Make corrections where needed and repeat.
5.6.6 From the intersection of % residue and certified sieve opening size on the Sieve Calibration Graph, Figure 2,
determine the calibration line (A, B, C, etc.) for use with the specific container of test calibration material. Record
this and identify the container with this value.
Figure 2 — Sieve calibration graph, 45 μm sieve
5.6.7 Repeat 5.6.2 through 5.6.4 except substitute the working sieve to be calibrated from the certified sieve.
5.6.8 Calculate average % residue, R , of test calibration material on working sieve by:
a
RR+++RK12 3
R = (3)
a
N
Individual sample values shall agree within ± 0,5 of their average. If not, review test procedure technique and
equipment operation for sources of error. Make corrections where needed and repeat, beginning at 5.6.7.
5.6.9 From Sieve Calibration Graph, Figure 2, determine the working sieve opening size to the nearest whole
value from intersection of % residue and the calibration line from 5.6.6 above. Record the working sieve opening
size and identify the calibrated sieve and test calibration material container.
5.6.10 Determine correction value (C) for working sieve from Table 2. Record this value and identify it with the
calibrated sieve and specified test calibration material container.
NOTE The sieve correction value obtained from Table 2 as specified is a number to be added to the residue value obtained
on a test sample. (Negative values are subtracted).
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5.6.10.1 Example of haematite sieve correction value determination:
Certified sieve size = 46,5 μm
Haematite average % residue on certified sieve, S = 7,0 %
Calibration line = C
Haematite average % residue on working sieve, R = 9,7 %
a
Working sieve size average opening (determined from sieve calibration graph, Figure 2) = 42,5 μm
Correction value (from Table 2), C = 21,7 %
5.6.10.2 Example of sieve correction application:
Sieve correction value, C = 21,7 %
Test sample residue, R = 8,8 %
Corrected test sample residue, R = 8,8 % + (21,7 %) = 7,1 %
c
)
5
Table 2 — Correction value (C) for 45 μm sieves
b
Working sieve size Correction size
a
Average opening Haematite
m
μ
42,0 22,0
42,5 21,7
43,0 21,3
43,5 1,0
2
44,0 20,7
44,5 20,3
45,0 0,0
45,5 + 0,3
46,0 + 0,7
46,5 + 1,0
47,0 + 1,3
47,5 + 1,7
48,0 + 2,0
NOTE Correction values are rounded to the nearest 0,1.
a
Determined from sieve calibration graph, Figure 2.
b
Value to be added to test result of sample tested on sieve to convert
results to equivalent 45 μm. (NOTE Negative values are subtracted).
5)
ASTM sieve specifications allow ± 3 μm variation.
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5.7 Calibration procedure — Hydrometers
5.7.1 Calibrate each hydrometer to be used using the same concentration dispersant solution as is used in the
test, at temperatures spanning the anticipated test temperatures, and by reading the top rather than the bottom of
the meniscus. Calibrate each hydrometer using the procedure below.
5.7.2 Prepare one litre of dispersant solution as follows:
3 3
5.7.2.1 Place 125 cm ± 2 cm (125 g ± 2 g) of dispersant solution from test procedure (7.11.1) into a 1-litre
volumetric flask.
3
5.7.2.2 Dilute to the 1 000-cm mark with deionized water. Mix thoroughly.
5.7.3 Place the dispersant solution in a sedimentation cylinder. Then place the cylinder in a constant-temperature
bath. Set bath temperature to the lowest expected temperature for any actual test. Allow to reach equilibrium
± 0,2 °C. Insert the hydrometer to be calibrated and wait at least 5 min for the hydrometer and solution to reach bath
temperature.
5.7.4 Take a hydrometer reading at the top of the meniscus formed by the stem, and take a thermometer reading.
Repeat readings at least 5 min apart so as to obtain a minimum of four readings each.
5.7.5 Calculate the average hydrometer reading and designate as R1. Calculate the average temperature reading
and designate as T1.
5.7.6
...
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