oSIST prEN IEC 61462:2022
(Main)Composite hollow insulators - Pressurized and unpressurized insulators for use in electrical equipment with AC rated voltage greater than 1 000 V AC and D.C. voltage greater than 1500V - Definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and design recommendations
Composite hollow insulators - Pressurized and unpressurized insulators for use in electrical equipment with AC rated voltage greater than 1 000 V AC and D.C. voltage greater than 1500V - Definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and design recommendations
This International Standard applies to composite hollow insulators consisting of a load-bearing insulating tube made of resin impregnated fibres, a housing (outside the insulating tube) made of elastomeric material (for example silicone or ethylene-propylene) and metal fixing devices at the ends of the insulating tube. Composite hollow insulators as defined in this standard are intended for general use (unpressurized) or for use with a permanent gas pressure (pressurized). They are intended for use in both outdoor and indoor electrical equipment operating on alternating current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V a.c. and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct current equipment with a rated voltage greater than 1 500 V d.c.
The object of this standard is:
- to define the terms used;
- to prescribe test methods;
- to prescribe acceptance criteria.
Hollow insulators are integrated into electrical equipment which is electrically type tested as required by the applicable equipment standard. So, it is not the object of this standard to prescribe dielectric type tests because the withstand voltages and flashover behaviour are not characteristics of the hollow insulator itself but of the apparatus of which it ultimately forms a part.
All the tests in this standard, apart from the thermal-mechanical test, are performed at normal ambient temperature. This standard does not prescribe tests that may be characteristic of the apparatus of which the hollow insulator ultimately forms a part.
Composite hollow insulators are intended for use in electrical equipment, such as, but not limited to:
- HV circuit-breakers,
- switch-disconnectors,
- disconnectors,
- station posts,
- disconnecting circuit breakers,
- earthing switches,
- instrument- and power transformers,
- bushings,
- cable terminations.
Additional testing defined by the relevant IEC equipment standard may be required.
Verbundhohlisolatoren - Druckbeanspruchte und drucklose Isolatoren für den Einsatz in elektrischen Betriebsmitteln mit Bemessungsspannungen über 1 000 V - Begriffe, Prüfverfahren, Annahmekriterien und Konstruktionsempfehlungen
Isolateurs composites creux - Isolateurs avec ou sans pression interne pour utilisation dans des appareillages électriques de tensions alternatives assignées supérieures à 1 000 V et de tensions continues supérieures à 1 500 V - Définitions, méthodes d’essai, critères d’acceptation et recommandations de conception
Votli kompozitni izolatorji - Tlačni in breztlačni izolatorji za električno opremo z naznačeno izmenično napetostjo, višjo od 1000 V, in enosmerno napetostjo, višjo od 1500 V - Definicije, preskusne metode, merila sprejemljivosti in priporočila za načrtovanje
General Information
RELATIONS
Standards Content (sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 61462:2022
01-junij-2022
Votli kompozitni izolatorji - Tlačni in breztlačni izolatorji za električno opremo z
naznačeno izmenično napetostjo, višjo od 1000 V, in enosmerno napetostjo, višjood 1500 V - Definicije, preskusne metode, merila sprejemljivosti in priporočila za
načrtovanjeComposite hollow insulators - Pressurized and unpressurized insulators for use in
electrical equipment with AC rated voltage greater than 1 000 V AC and D.C. voltage
greater than 1500V - Definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and designrecommendations
Verbundhohlisolatoren - Druckbeanspruchte und drucklose Isolatoren für den Einsatz in
elektrischen Betriebsmitteln mit Bemessungsspannungen über 1 000 V - Begriffe,Prüfverfahren, Annahmekriterien und Konstruktionsempfehlungen
Isolateurs composites creux - Isolateurs avec ou sans pression interne pour utilisation
dans des appareillages électriques de tensions alternatives assignées supérieures à 1
000 V et de tensions continues supérieures à 1 500 V - Définitions, méthodes d’essai,
critères d’acceptation et recommandations de conceptionTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 61462:2022
ICS:
29.080.10 Izolatorji Insulators
oSIST prEN IEC 61462:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 61462:2022
36/540/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 61462 ED2
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2022-03-18 2022-06-10
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
36/509/CD, 36/531A/CC
IEC TC 36 : INSULATORS
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Sweden Mr Dan Windmar
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
TC 17,SC 17A,SC 17C
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel votingThe attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.TITLE:
Composite hollow insulators - Pressurized and unpressurized insulators for use in electrical
equipment with AC rated voltage greater than 1 000 V AC and D.C. voltage greater than 1500V -
Definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and design recommendationsPROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
Copyright © 2022 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to
download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National
Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for
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IEC CDV 61462 © IEC 2022 2 36/540/CDV
1 CONTENTS
2 FORE WORD ........................................................................................................................ 4
3 INTR ODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6
4 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................ 7
5 2 Normative references ..................................................................................................... 8
6 3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................... 8
7 4 Relationships of mechanical loads ................................................................................ 12
8 4.1 Loads from outside the insulator .......................................................................... 12
9 4.2 Pressures ............................................................................................................ 12
10 5 Marking ........................................................................................................................ 12
11 6 Classification of tests .................................................................................................... 12
12 6.1 Design tests ........................................................................................................ 12
13 6.2 Type tests ........................................................................................................... 14
14 6.3 Sample tests ....................................................................................................... 14
15 6.4 Routine tests ....................................................................................................... 14
16 7 Design tests ................................................................................................................. 15
17 7.1 General ............................................................................................................... 15
18 7.2 Tests on interfaces and connections of end fittings ............................................... 15
19 7.3 Tests on shed and housing material ..................................................................... 17
20 7.4 Tests on the tube material .................................................................................... 17
21 7.5 Tests on the tube material and housing ................................................................ 18
22 8 Type tests (only mechanical tests) ................................................................................ 18
23 8.1 General ............................................................................................................... 18
24 8.2 Test specimens ................................................................................................... 18
25 8.3 Preparation of the test specimen .......................................................................... 19
26 8.4 Internal pressure test ........................................................................................... 20
27 8.5 Bending test ........................................................................................................ 21
28 9 Sample tests ................................................................................................................ 22
29 9.1 Selection and number of insulators ...................................................................... 22
30 9.2 Testing ................................................................................................................ 23
31 9.3 Verification of dimensions .................................................................................... 23
32 9.4 Mechanical tests .................................................................................................. 23
33 9.5 Galvanizing test ................................................................................................... 24
34 9.6 Re-test procedure ................................................................................................ 24
35 10 Routine tests ................................................................................................................ 25
36 10.1 General ............................................................................................................... 25
37 10.2 Visual examination............................................................................................... 25
38 10.3 Routine mechanical test ....................................................................................... 25
39 10.4 Routine pressure test ........................................................................................... 25
40 10.5 Routine tightness test .......................................................................................... 26
41 11 Documentation ............................................................................................................. 26
42 Annex A (Normative) Tolerances of form and position ......................................................... 31
43 Annex B (informative) General recommendations for design and construction ..................... 34
44 B.1 Guidance for design ...................................................................................................... 34
45 B.2 Guidance for the maximum service pressure ................................................................. 34
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46 B.3 Guidance on sample testing of tube material ................................................................. 34
47 B.4 Guidance for the temperature required by the equipment manufacturer .......................... 35
48 B.5 Guidance for the mechanical loads required by the equipment manufacturer .................. 35
49 B.6 Summary of the tests .................................................................................................... 36
50 Annex C (informative) Principles of damage limit and use of reversible and irreversible
51 strain caused by internal pressure and/or bending loads on composite hollow52 insulator tubes .............................................................................................................. 39
53 C.1 Introductory remarks ..................................................................................................... 39
54 C.2 Definition ...................................................................................................................... 39
55 C.3 Example of determining the strain tolerance .................................................................. 39
56 Annex D (informative) Principle sketch of hollow insulators design assembly ....................... 42
57 Annex E (informative) Type tests on tapered (conical) insulators .......................................... 43
58 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................... 46
60 Figure 1 – Thermal-mechanical pre-stressing test – Typical cycles ....................................... 27
61 Figure 2 – Thermal-mechanical pre-stressing test – Typical test arrangement ...................... 28
62 Figure 3 – Test arrangement for the leakage rate test .......................................................... 29
63 Figure 4 – Examples of sealing systems for composite hollow insulators .............................. 30
64 Figure A.1 – Parallelism, coaxiality and concentricity ........................................................... 31
65 Figure A.2 – Angular deviation of fixing holes: Example 1 .................................................... 32
66 Figure A.3 – Angular deviation of fixing holes: Example 2 .................................................... 32
67 Figure A.4 – Tolerances according to standard drawing practice .......................................... 33
68 Figure B.1 – Relationship of bending loads .......................................................................... 38
69 Figure B.2 – Relationship of pressures ................................................................................ 38
70 Figure C.1 – Position of strain gauges for pressure load and bending load ........................... 40
71 Figure C.2 – Strain/time curve, reversible elastic phase ....................................................... 41
72 Figure C.3 – Strain/time curve, irreversible plastic phase, damage limit ................................ 41
73 Figure D.1.- Interface description for insulator with housing made by modular assembly ....... 42
74 Figure D.2.- Interface description for insulator with housing made by injection molding
75 and overmolded end fitting ............................................................................................ 42
76 Figure E.1 Illustration of tapered insulators in bending. ........................................................ 44
77 Figure E.2. Illustration of axial membrane stress along the insulator when the length of
78 the cylindrical parts is changed. .................................................................................... 45
79 Table 1 – Mechanical loads applied to the insulator ............................................................. 12
80 Table 2 – Pressures applied to the insulator ........................................................................ 12
81 Table 3 – Tests to be carried out after design changes ........................................................ 13
82 Table 4 – Sample sizes ....................................................................................................... 22
83 Table 5 – Choice of re-test procedure .................................................................................. 24
84 Table B.1 – Loads/stress and classification of tests ............................................................. 36
85 Table B.2 – Example of pressure/bending values – Practical relationship of the values ......... 37
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88 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
89 ____________
91 COMPOSITE HOLLOW INSULATORS –
93 PRESSURIZED AND UNPRESSURIZED INSULATORS
94 FOR USE IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WITH AC RATED VOLTAGE
95 GREATER THAN 1 000 V AC AND D.C. VOLTAGE GREATER THAN 1 500 V
96 –
97 DEFINITIONS, TEST METHODS, ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND
98 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
100
101 FOREWORD
102 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
103 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
104 international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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106 Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
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110 with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
111 agreement between the two organizations.112 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
113 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
114 interested IEC National Committees.115 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
116 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
117 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
118 misinterpretation by any end user.119 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
120 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
121 between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
122 the latter.123 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
124 equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.125 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
126 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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128 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
129 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
130 Publications.131 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
132 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.133 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
134 patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
135 This new edition cancels and replaces the previous edition. It constitutes a technical revision
136 and has the status of an International Standard since 2007.137
138
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139 The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
To be completed/FDIS To be completed/RVD
140
141 Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
142 voting indicated in the above table.143 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
144 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
145 the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the
146 data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
147 • reconfirmed,148 • withdrawn,
149 • replaced by a revised edition, or
150 • amended.
151
152
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153 INTRODUCTION
154 Composite hollow insulators consist of an insulating tube bearing the mechanical load
155 protected by an elastomeric housing, the loads being transmitted to the tube by metal fittings.
156 Despite these common features, the materials used and the construction details employed by
157 different manufacturers may vary.158 Some tests have been grouped together as "Design tests" to be performed only once for
159 insulators of the same design and material. The design tests are performed in order to eliminate
160 designs and materials not suitable for high-voltage applications.161 The relevant design tests defined in IEC 62217 are applied for composite hollow insulators;
162 additional specific mechanical tests are given in this standard. The influence of time on the
163 electrical and mechanical properties of the complete composite hollow insulator and its
164 components (tube material, housing material, interfaces, etc.) has been considered in specifying
165 the design tests in order to ensure a satisfactory lifetime under normal service conditions. These
166 conditions may also depend on the equipment inside or outside the composite hollow insulators;
167 however, this matter has not been covered in this standard. Test methods not specified in this
168 standard may be considered for specific combinations of materials and specific applications,
169 and are a matter of agreement between manufacturers and users. In this standard, the term
170 “user” in general means the equipment manufacturer using composite hollow insulators.
171 Composite hollow insulators are used in both a.c. and d.c. applications. Before the
172 appropriate standard for d.c. applications will be issued, the majority of tests listed in this
173 standard can also be applied to d.c. insulators. In spite of this, a specific tracking and erosion
174 test procedure for d.c. applications as a design test is still being considered to be developed.
175 Some information about the difference of a.c. and d.c. material erosion test can be found in
176 the CIGRE Technical Brochure 611. For the time being, the 1 000 h a.c. tracking and erosion
177 test of IEC 62217 is used to establish a minimum requirement for the tracking and erosion
178 resistance, for both a.c. and d.c.179 This standard distinguishes between design tests and type tests because several general
180 characteristics of a specific design and specific combinations of materials do not vary for
181 different insulator types. In these cases results from design tests can be adopted for different
182 insulator types.183 Pollution tests according to IEC 60507 or IEC 61245 are not included in this standard since
184 they are designed for non-polymeric items. Specific pollution tests for polymeric insulators are
185 still under consideration.186 The mechanical characteristics of composite hollow insulators are quite different compared to
187 those of hollow insulators made of ceramics. In order to determine the onset of mechanical
188 deterioration of composite hollow insulators under the influence of mechanical stress, strain
189 gauge measurements are used.190 This standard refers to different characteristic pressures which are used for design and testing
191 of composite hollow insulators. The term "maximum service pressure" (MSP) is equivalent to
192 the term "design pressure" which is used in other standards for ceramic hollow insulators;
193 however, this latter term is not used in this standard in order to avoid confusion with "design"
194 as used in "design tests".195 General recommendations for the design and construction of composite hollow insulators are
196 presented in Annex B.197
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198 COMPOSITE HOLLOW INSULATORS –
199
200 PRESSURIZED AND UNPRESSURIZED INSULATORS
201 FOR USE IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WITH A.C. RATED VOLTAGE
202 GREATER THAN 1 000 V AND D.C. VOLTAGE GREATER THAN 1 500 V –
203 DEFINITIONS, TEST METHODS, ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA AND
204 DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
205
206
207
208 1 Scope
209 This International Standard applies to composite hollow insulators consisting of a load-bearing
210 insulating tube made of resin impregnated fibres, a housing (outside the insulating tube) made
211 of elastomeric material (for example silicone or ethylene-propylene) and metal fixing devices
212 at the ends of the insulating tube. Composite hollow insulators as defined in this standard are
213 intended for general use (unpressurized) or for use with a permanent gas pressure
214 (pressurized). They are intended for use in both outdoor and indoor electrical equipment
215 operating on alternating current with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V a.c. and a frequency
216 not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct current equipment with a rated voltage greater
217 than 1 500 V d.c.218 The object of this standard is:
219 – to define the terms used;
220 – to prescribe test methods;
221 – to prescribe acceptance criteria.
222 Hollow insulators are integrated into electrical equipment which is electrically type tested as
223 required by the applicable equipment standard. So, it is not the object of this standard to
224 prescribe dielectric type tests because the withstand voltages and flashover behaviour are not
225 characteristics of the hollow insulator itself but of the apparatus of which it ultimately forms a
226 part.227 All the tests in this standard, apart from the thermal-mechanical test, are performed at normal
228 ambient temperature. This standard does not prescribe tests that may be characteristic of the
229 apparatus of which the hollow insulator ultimately forms a part.230
231 Composite hollow insulators are intended for use in electrical equipment, such as, but not
232 limited to:233 HV circuit-breakers,
234 switch-disconnectors,
235 disconnectors,
236 station posts,
237 disconnecting circuit breakers,
238 earthing switches,
239 instrument- and power transformers,
240 bushings,
241 cable terminations.
242
243 Additional testing defined by the relevant IEC equipment standard may be required.
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245 2 Normative references
246 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
247 For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
248 of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.249 IEC 60060-1: High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
250 IEC 62155: Hollow pressurized and unpressurized ceramic and glass insulators for use in
251 electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1 000 V252 IEC 62217: Polymeric insulators for indoor and outdoor use with a nominal voltage >1 000 V-
253 General definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria254 3 Terms and definitions
255 For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
256 3.1257 composite hollow insulator
258 insulator consisting of at least two insulating parts, namely a tube and a housing
259 Note 1 to entry - The housing may consist either of individual sheds mounted on the tube, with or without an
260 intermediate sheath, or directly applied in one or several pieces onto the tube. A composite hollow insulator unit is
261 permanently equipped with fixing devices or end fittings262 [IEV 471-01-08, modified]
263 3.2
264 tube (core)
265 central internal insulating part of a composite hollow insulator which provides the mechanical
266 characteristics267 Note 1 to entry – The housing and sheds are not part of the core.
268 Note 2 to entry – The tube is generally cylindrical or conical, but may have other shapes (for example barrel). The
269 tube is made of resin impregnated fibres.270 Note 3 to entry – Resin impregnated fibres are structured in such a manner as to achieve sufficient mechanical
271 strength. Layers of different fibres may be used to fulfil special requirements.
272 [IEV 471-01-03, modified by the addition of a synonym]273 3.3
274 fixing device
275 end fitting
276 integral component or formed part of an insulator, intended to connect it to a supporting
277 structure, or to a conductor, or to an item of equipment, or to another insulator
278 Note 1 to entry – Where the end fitting is metallic, the term “metal fitting” is normally used.
279 [IEV 471-01-06, modified by the addition of a synonym]280 3.4
281 coupling
282 part of the fixing device which transmits load to the hardware external to the insulator
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284 3.5
285 connection zone
286 zone where the mechanical load is transmitted between the insulating body and the end fitting
287 [IEC 62217, section 3]288 3.6
289 housing
290 external insulating part of composite hollow insulator providing necessary creepage distance
291 and protecting tube from environment292 Note 1 to entry – If an intermediate sheath is used it forms a part of the housing
293 [IEC 62217, section 3]294 [SOURCE: IEV 471-01-09, modified]
295 3.7
296 shed (of an insulator)
297 insulating part, projecting from the insulator trunk, intended to increase the creepage distance
298 Note 1 to entry – The shed can be with or without ribs.299 [IEV 471-01-15]
300 3.8
301 insulator trunk
302 central insulating part of an insulator from which the sheds project
303 Note 1 to entry – Also known as shank on smaller insulators.
304 [IEV 471-01-11]
305 3.9
306 creepage distance
307 shortest distance or the sum of the shortest distances along the surface on an insulator
308 between two conductive parts which normally have the operating voltage between them
309 Note 1 to entry – The surface of any non-insulating jointing material is not considered as forming part of the
310 creepage distance.311 [IEV 471-01-04, modified]
312 3 . 10
313 arcing distance
314 shortest distance in the air external to the insulator between the metallic parts which normally
315 have the operating voltage between them316
317 Note 1 to entry – The term “dry arcing distance” is also used.
318 [IEV 471-01-01]
319 3 . 11
320 tracking
321 process which forms irreversible degradation by formation of conductive paths (tracks)
322 starting and developing on the surface of an insulating material323 Note 1 to entry – These paths are conductive even under dry conditions.
324 [IEC 62217, section 3]
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325 3 . 12
326 erosion
327 irreversible and non-conducting degradation of the surface of the insulator that occurs by loss
328 of m...
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