This part of IEC 60383 applies to insulators of ceramic material or glass for use on a.c. overhead power lines and overhead traction lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to insulators for use on d.c. overhead electric traction lines. This part applies to string insulator units, rigid overhead line insulators and to insulators of similar design when used in substations. lt does not apply to insulators forming parts of electrical apparatus or to parts used in their construction or to post insulators which are covered by IEC 60168: Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1 000 V. Tests on insulator strings and insulator sets (for example, wet switching impulse voltage) are dealt with in part 2 of IEC 60383. The object of this part is: - to define the terms used - to define insulator characteristics and to prescribe the conditions under which the specified values of these characteristics shall be verified - to prescribe test methods - to prescribe acceptance criteria. This part does not include requirements dealing with the choice of insulators for specific operating conditions. Specific requirements on the use of coatings on ceramic or glass insulators are described in the informative Annex C. NOTE A guide for the choice of insulators under polluted conditions has been published, see IEC 60815-1 and -2. Numerical values for insulator characteristics are specified in IEC 60305, IEC 60433 and IEC 60720.

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IEC 60383-1:2023 applies to insulators of ceramic material or glass for use on AC overhead power lines and overhead traction lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to insulators for use on DC overhead electric traction lines. This document applies to string insulator units, rigid overhead line insulators and to insulators of similar design when used in substations. lt does not apply to insulators forming parts of electrical apparatus or to parts used in their construction or to post insulators which are covered by IEC 60168, Tests on indoor and outdoor post insulators of ceramic material or glass for systems with nominal voltages greater than 1 000 V.
The object of this document is:
- to define the terms used
- to define insulator characteristics and to prescribe the conditions under which the specified values of these characteristics shall be verified
- to prescribe test methods
- to prescribe acceptance criteria.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 1993. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The layout of the document has been changed in order to increase readability;
b) RIV test has been added (Clause 14);
c) Impulse puncture test in air has been added (15.2);
d) Residual strength test has been added (Clause 21);
e) Zinc sleeve test has been added (Clause 28);
f) Impact test has been added (Clause 30);
g) Annex C, coatings on ceramic and glass insulators has been added;
h) Annex D, impact test has been added.

  • Standard
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This part of IEC 61952 is applicable to composite line post insulators for AC overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to line post insulators of similar design used in substations or on electric traction lines. This document applies to line post insulators of composite type, generally with metallic couplings, with and without a base plate. It also applies to such insulators when used in complex structures. It does not apply to hollow insulators adapted for use as line post insulators. The object of this document is to specify the main dimensions of the couplings to be used on the composite line post insulators in order to permit the assembly of insulators or fittings supplied by different manufacturers and to allow, whenever practical, interchangeability with existing installations. It also specifies a standard designation system for composite line post insulators.

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This International Standard applies to composite line post insulators consisting of a loadbearing cylindrical insulating solid core consisting of fibres - usually glass - in a resin-based matrix, a housing (outside the insulating core) made of polymeric material and end fittings permanently attached to the insulating core. Composite line post insulators covered by this standard are subjected to cantilever, tensile and compressive loads, when supporting the line conductors. They are intended for use on a.c. overhead lines with a rated voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. The object of this standard is - to define the terms used, - to prescribe test methods, - to prescribe acceptance or failure criteria. This standard does not include requirements dealing with the choice of insulators for specific operating conditions.

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This International Standard applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type with
insulating parts of ceramic material or glass, intended for AC overhead lines with a nominal
voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to
insulators of similar design used in substations.
This document applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type either with ball and
socket couplings or with clevis and tongue couplings.
This document applies to string insulator units for use on overhead lines in clean areas and
polluted areas. For use in areas characterized by very heavy pollution levels and for other
particular or extreme environmental conditions, it may be necessary for certain dimensions to
be changed and insulator units having different creepage distances, spacing and forms may
be preferred (for example, flat profile, hemispherical etc.). Insulators for use on DC systems
may also need different dimensions. In any case, it is applicable that the standardized
mechanical characteristics of this document and coupling sizes are retained.
The object of this document is to prescribe specified values for the mechanical characteristics
and for the main dimensions of string insulator units of the cap and pin type.
The power frequency, lightning impulse and puncture withstand voltages of string insulator
units are not specified in this document. IEC 60383-1 gives the electrical characteristics which
define string insulator units; their values are agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.
Ball and socket couplings are covered by IEC 60120, clevis and tongue couplings by
IEC 60471.
NOTE For the definition of site pollution severity see IEC TS 60815-1.

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This International Standard is applicable to string insulator units of the long rod type with
insulating parts of ceramic material intended for use in AC overhead power lines with a
nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It is also
applicable to insulators of similar design, used in substations.
This document is applicable to ceramic string insulator units of the long rod type, either with a
clevis end fitting at both ends for coupling with a tongue, or with a socket end fitting at both
ends for coupling with a pin ball.
The object of this document is to prescribe specified values for electrical and mechanical
characteristics, and for the principal dimensions of ceramic string insulator units of the long
rod type.
This document is applicable to string insulator units for use on overhead lines situated in
lightly polluted areas, and the creepage distances given in Table 1 have been established
accordingly, using the IEC TS 60815-2 recommendation of 27,8 mm/kV for SPS class.
However, shorter creepage distances are applicable for use in some non-polluted areas. If
specific operating conditions require or allow non-standard (longer or shorter) creepage
distances, the mechanical characteristics as well as the lengths L (see Clause 4) of this
document are intended to be used unless the need for exceptionally long creepage distances
requires values of L greater than those given in Table 1. In the case of special requirements,
e.g. very heavy polluted areas and for other particular or extreme environmental conditions, it
may be necessary for certain dimensions to be changed.
As far as reasonably applicable, this document is also applicable to be applied to similar
insulator units outside the scope of this standard, such as insulators for electric traction lines.
This document does not include tests on insulators and dimensions of end fittings.
Ball and socket couplings are covered by IEC 60120, clevis and tongue couplings by
IEC 60471.
NOTE 1 For the definition of site pollution severity, see applicable part of IEC TS 60815.
NOTE 2 The term "ceramic" is used in this document to refer to porcelain materials and, contrary to North
American practice, does not include glass.

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IEC TR 62039:2021(E) presents the important material properties of polymeric materials used in outdoor insulation and, where applicable, lists standardized test methods including minimum requirements. If no standardized tests are available, the test methods reported in literature are summarized.
This document is valid for insulating materials having polymeric insulation, which are used in outdoor high voltage electrical applications with a system voltage greater than 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC (several tests are only defined for alternating current, which are not applicable for direct current). Such applications are relevant where the housing is an integral part of the device, for example in surge arresters and cable terminations. The scope of this document is limited to the insulation materials only and is not generally intended for coating materials (coating materials are, for example, thin layers applied on toughened glass and ceramic). Some tests mentioned in this document are applicable for coating and are under consideration by CIGRE. The performance of insulators in service depends on several factors such as the type of material, the design and environmental conditions. Consequently, the choice of materials that fulfil the requirements listed in Table 1 is a necessary condition but does not guarantee satisfactory performance when used in outdoor insulation.

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IEC 60305:2021 applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type with insulating parts of ceramic material or glass, intended for AC overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to insulators of similar design used in substations. This document applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type either with ball and socket couplings or with clevis and tongue couplings. This document applies to string insulator units for use on overhead lines in clean areas and polluted areas. For use in areas characterized by very heavy pollution levels and for other particular or extreme environmental conditions, it may be necessary for certain dimensions to be changed and insulator units having different creepage distances, spacing and forms may be preferred (for example, flat profile, hemispherical etc.). Insulators for use on DC systems may also need different dimensions. In any case, it is applicable that the standardized mechanical characteristics of this document and coupling sizes are retained. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 1995. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - wording in Scope changed from "it is recommended" to "it is applicable"; - new normative references added; - electromechanical or mechanical failing load in Clause 4 specified; - new figures added showing profiles.

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IEC 60433:2021 is applicable to string insulator units of the long rod type with insulating parts of ceramic material intended for use in AC overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It is also applicable to insulators of similar design, used in substations. This document is applicable to ceramic string insulator units of the long rod type, either with a clevis end fitting at both ends for coupling with a tongue, or with a socket end fitting at both ends for coupling with a pin ball. The object of this document is to prescribe specified values for electrical and mechanical characteristics, and for the principal dimensions of ceramic string insulator units of the long rod type. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 1998. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - wording in Scope changed from "should" to "are intended to"; - new normative references added; - title of Clause 4 amended, new Note 4 added; - Table 1 expanded to include more specified mechanical failing loads.

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IEC 61083-1:2021 is applicable to digital recorders, including digital oscilloscopes, used for measurements during tests with high impulse voltages and high impulse currents. It specifies the measuring characteristics and calibrations required to meet the measuring uncertainties and procedures specified in IEC 60060-2 and IEC 62475.
This document
• defines the terms specifically related to digital recorders;
• specifies the necessary requirements for such instruments to ensure their compliance with the requirements for high-voltage and high-current impulse tests;
• establishes the tests and procedures necessary to demonstrate their compliance;
• covers digital recorders that permit access to raw data from permanent or temporary storage;
• covers peak meters used for measuring the extreme value of lightning impulses, the peak value of switching or current impulses.
It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
This horizontal standard is primarily intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 108. One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of horizontal standards in the preparation of its publications. The contents of this horizontal standard will not apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Requirements for static integral non-linearity and static differential non-linearity have been removed.
b) Requirement for impulse scale factor non-linearity has been added.
c) Uncertainty requirements for impulse calibrators have been revised.
d) Requirements for peak voltmeter have been revised.

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IEC 60433:2021 is applicable to string insulator units of the long rod type with insulating parts of ceramic material intended for use in AC overhead power lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It is also applicable to insulators of similar design, used in substations. This document is applicable to ceramic string insulator units of the long rod type, either with a clevis end fitting at both ends for coupling with a tongue, or with a socket end fitting at both ends for coupling with a pin ball. The object of this document is to prescribe specified values for electrical and mechanical characteristics, and for the principal dimensions of ceramic string insulator units of the long rod type. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 1998. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- wording in Scope changed from "should" to "are intended to";
- new normative references added;
- title of Clause 4 amended, new Note 4 added;
- Table 1 expanded to include more specified mechanical failing loads.

  • Standard
    21 pages
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IEC 60305:2021 applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type with insulating parts of ceramic material or glass, intended for AC overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to insulators of similar design used in substations. This document applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type either with ball and socket couplings or with clevis and tongue couplings. This document applies to string insulator units for use on overhead lines in clean areas and polluted areas. For use in areas characterized by very heavy pollution levels and for other particular or extreme environmental conditions, it may be necessary for certain dimensions to be changed and insulator units having different creepage distances, spacing and forms may be preferred (for example, flat profile, hemispherical etc.). Insulators for use on DC systems may also need different dimensions. In any case, it is applicable that the standardized mechanical characteristics of this document and coupling sizes are retained. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 1995. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- wording in Scope changed from "it is recommended" to "it is applicable";
- new normative references added;
- electromechanical or mechanical failing load in Clause 4 specified;
- new figures added showing profiles.

  • Standard
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This international standard is applicable to locking devices used with ball and socket
couplings of string insulator units and used with the corresponding metal fittings standardized
in IEC 60120, when they are supplied separately.
When these locking devices are supplied with an insulator or fitting, they are considered as an
integral part of it. In this case, the relevant test is to be included with those of insulators, as
specified in IEC 60383-1 and IEC 61325. On request, a certificate is to be delivered
confirming that the tests on locking devices as specified in this document have been carried
out. The locking devices are usually supplied with the insulator or corresponding metal fittings.
The object of this document is
• to define the shapes and some standard dimensions for locking devices,
• to define the test methods for locking devices,
• to state the acceptance conditions for supply,
• to give other dimensions for guidance of manufacturing only.
The object of this document does not include the specification of the nature of the material,
and the material covered by the scope of this document does not have a surface coating for
corrosion protection. However, the material which will give rise to significant contact
corrosion(chemical reaction) between the locking device and the ball and socket coupling
does not covered by this document.

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The object of this international standard is to define the dimensions of a series of standard
ball and socket couplings using the standard locking devices (see IEC 60372) in order to
permit the assembly of insulators or metal fittings supplied by different manufacturers.
This document applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin and long rod types and their
associated metal fittings.
For the pin ball and the socket, dimensions apply to the finished product after any surface
treatment.
Extreme positions of the pin ball in the socket are given in Annex A.
Typical examples of gauges for checking the dimensions of pin balls and sockets are given in
Annex B.
NOTE Only the dimensions necessary for assembly are dealt with in this standard. Properties of material and
working loads are not specified. The co-ordination of dimensions with strength classes is specified in IEC 60305
and IEC 60433.

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This international standard applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type and also of
the long rod type as well as the fittings used with such insulators.
The object of this document is to define the dimensions of a series of clevis and tongue
couplings to permit the assembly of insulators or fittings supplied by different manufacturers.
NOTE 1 IEC 60305 gives the coordination between the standardized dimensions of Table 1 and the strength
classes of cap and pin insulator. IEC 60433 gives the coordination between the standardized dimensions of Table 2
and the strength classes of long rod insulators.
NOTE 2 If the dimensions given in Table 1 are not sufficient, higher strength classes are given in IEC 60305.

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IEC 60372:2020 is applicable to locking devices used with ball and socket couplings of string insulator units and used with the corresponding metal fittings standardized in IEC 60120, when they are supplied separately.The object of this document is - to define the shapes and some standard dimensions for locking devices, - to define the test methods for locking devices, - to state the acceptance conditions for supply, - to give other dimensions for guidance of manufacturing only. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 1984. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a. Two new designated size of couplings, 36 and 40, were introduced; b. the relevant content of the 28B W-clip was deleted; c. Annex A is informative, Annex B is normative, Annex C is informative.

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IEC 60120:2020 define the dimensions of a series of standard ball and socket couplings using the standard locking devices (see IEC 60372) in order to permit the assembly of insulators or metal fittings supplied by different manufacturers. This document applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin and long rod types and their associated metal fittings. For the pin ball and the socket, dimensions apply to the finished product after any surface treatment. Extreme positions of the pin ball in the socket are given in annex. Typical examples of gauges for checking the dimensions of pin balls and sockets are given in REF _Ref22908296 \r \hannex.

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IEC 60471:2020 applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type and also of the long rod type as well as the fittings used with such insulators. The object of this document is to define the dimensions of a series of clevis and tongue couplings to permit the assembly of insulators or fittings supplied by different manufacturers. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1977. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - there are no new clevis and tongue couplings; - For the dimensions of the existing designated size of couplings that characterize the same location, the effective number of the size is unified.

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IEC 60372:2020 is applicable to locking devices used with ball and socket couplings of string insulator units and used with the corresponding metal fittings standardized in IEC 60120, when they are supplied separately.The object of this document is
- to define the shapes and some standard dimensions for locking devices,
- to define the test methods for locking devices,
- to state the acceptance conditions for supply,
- to give other dimensions for guidance of manufacturing only.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 1984. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Two new designated size of couplings, 36 and 40, were introduced;
b. the relevant content of the 28B W-clip was deleted;
c. Annex A is informative, Annex B is normative, Annex C is informative.

  • Standard
    37 pages
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IEC 60120:2020 define the dimensions of a series of standard ball and socket couplings using the standard locking devices (see IEC 60372) in order to permit the assembly of insulators or metal fittings supplied by different manufacturers. This document applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin and long rod types and their associated metal fittings. For the pin ball and the socket, dimensions apply to the finished product after any surface treatment. Extreme positions of the pin ball in the socket are given in annex. Typical examples of gauges for checking the dimensions of pin balls and sockets are given in annex.

  • Standard
    74 pages
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IEC 60471:2020 applies to string insulator units of the cap and pin type and also of the long rod type as well as the fittings used with such insulators. The object of this document is to define the dimensions of a series of clevis and tongue couplings to permit the assembly of insulators or fittings supplied by different manufacturers.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1977. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- there are no new clevis and tongue couplings;
- For the dimensions of the existing designated size of couplings that characterize the same location, the effective number of the size is unified.

  • Standard
    20 pages
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This document is applicable to composite line post insulators for AC overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to line post insulators of similar design used in substations or on electric traction lines. This document applies to line post insulators of composite type, generally with metallic couplings, with and without a base plate. It also applies to such insulators when used in complex structures. It does not apply to hollow insulators adapted for use as line post insulators. The object of this document is to specify the main dimensions of the couplings to be used on the composite line post insulators in order to permit the assembly of insulators or fittings supplied by different manufacturers and to allow, whenever practical, interchangeability with existing installations. It also specifies a standard designation system for composite line post insulators.

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IEC 62772:2016 applies to composite hollow core station post insulators consisting of a load-bearing insulating tube (core) made of resin impregnated fibres an insulating filler material (e.g. solid, liquid, foam, gaseous pressurized or unpressurized), a housing (outside the insulating tube) made of polymeric material (for example silicone or ethylene-propylene) and metal fixing devices at the ends of the insulating tube. Composite hollow core station post insulators as defined in this standard are intended for general use in substations in both, outdoor and indoor environments, operating with a rated AC voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct current systems with a rated voltage greater than 1 500 V. The object of this standard is: - to define the terms used; - to prescribe test methods; - to prescribe acceptance criteria. All the tests in this standard, apart from the thermal-mechanical test, are performed at normal ambient temperature. This standard does not prescribe tests that may be characteristic of the apparatus of which the composite hollow core station post insulator ultimately may form a part.

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Prescribes specified values for the mechanical characteristics of the composite string insulator units. Defines the main dimensions of the couplings to be used on the composite string insulator units in order to permit the assembly of insulators of fittings supplied by different manufacturers and to allow, whenever practical, interchangeability with existing installations. It also defines a standard designation system for composite string insulator units.

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IEC 61952-1:2019 is applicable to composite line post insulators for AC overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to line post insulators of similar design used in substations or on electric traction lines.
This document applies to line post insulators of composite type, generally with metallic couplings, with and without a base plate. It also applies to such insulators when used in complex structures. It does not apply to hollow insulators adapted for use as line post insulators
The object of this document is to specify the main dimensions of the couplings to be used on the composite line post insulators in order to permit the assembly of insulators or fittings supplied by different manufacturers and to allow, whenever practical, interchangeability with existing installations. It also specifies a standard designation system for composite line post insulators.

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IEC - Corrected version

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IEC 62231-1:2015 specifies main dimensions and values for mechanical and electrical characteristics of composite station post insulators.

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IEC - Corrected version

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Is applicable to composite string insulators with a specified mechanical load (SML) of 40 kN and 70 kN for a.c. overhead distribution lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to insulators of similar design used in substations or on electric traction lines.

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IEC 60404-16:2018 is applicable to Fe-based amorphous strips specified in IEC 60404-8-11 for the measurement of AC magnetic properties at frequencies up to 400 Hz.
The object of this part is to define the general principles and technical details of the measurement of the magnetic properties of Fe-based amorphous strips by means of a single sheet tester.
The contents of the corrigendum of November 2018 have been included in this copy.

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    53 pages
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IEC 62688:2017 describes the fundamental construction and testing requirements for Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies in order to provide safe electrical and mechanical operation during their expected lifetime. Specific topics are provided to assess the prevention of electrical shock, fire hazards, and personal injury due to mechanical and environmental stresses. This document attempts to define the basic requirements for various application classes of concentrator photovoltaic modules and assemblies, but does not encompass all national and regional codes. This document is designed so that its test sequence can coordinate with those of IEC 62108, so that a single set of samples may be used to perform both the safety and performance evaluation of a CPV module and assembly.

  • Standard
    158 pages
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In some cases, it has been necessary to include in an IEV part a concept taken from another
IEV part, or from another authoritative terminology document (VIM, ISO/IEC 2382, etc.), in
both cases with or without modification to the definition (and possibly to the term).
This is indicated by the mention of this source, printed in lightface, and placed between
square brackets at the end of the definition.
Example: [131-03-13 MOD]
(MOD indicates that the definition has been modified)
Terms in additional IEV languages
These terms are placed at the end of the entry, on separate lines (one single line for each
language), preceded by the alpha-2 code for the language defined in ISO 639, and in the
alphabetic order of this code. Synonyms are separated by semicolons.

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  • Standard
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IEC 60507:2013 is applicable for the determination of the power frequency withstand characteristics of ceramic and glass insulators to be used outdoors and exposed to polluted atmospheres, on a.c. systems with the highest voltage of the system greater than 1 000 V. These tests are not directly applicable to polymeric insulators, to greased insulators or to special types of insulators (insulators with semiconducting glaze or covered with any organic insulating material). The object of this International Standard is to prescribe procedures for artificial pollution tests applicable to insulators for overhead lines, substations and traction lines and to bushings. It may also be applied to hollow insulators with suitable precautions to avoid internal flashover. In applying these procedures to apparatus incorporating hollow insulators, the relevant technical committees should consider their effect on any internal equipment and the special precautions which may be necessary. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Corrections and the addition of explanatory material; b) The addition of Clause 4.3.2 on atmospheric correction; c) The change of the upper limit of conductivity of water to 0.1 S/m; and d) The extension to UHV voltages.

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This International Standard applies to composite hollow core station post insulators consisting
of a load-bearing insulating tube (core) made of resin impregnated fibres an insulating filler
material (e.g. solid, liquid, foam, gaseous – pressurized or unpressurized), a housing (outside
the insulating tube) made of polymeric material (for example silicone or ethylene-propylene)
and metal fixing devices at the ends of the insulating tube. Composite hollow core station post
insulators as defined in this standard are intended for general use in substations in both,
outdoor and indoor environments, operating with a rated AC voltage greater than 1 000 V and
a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct current systems with a rated voltage
greater than 1 500 V.
The object of this standard is:
– to define the terms used;
– to prescribe test methods;
– to prescribe acceptance criteria.
All the tests in this standard, apart from the thermal-mechanical test, are performed at normal
ambient temperature. This standard does not prescribe tests that may be characteristic of the
apparatus of which the composite hollow core station post insulator ultimately may form a
part. Further technical input is required in this area.
NOTE 1 "Pressurized" means a permanent gas or liquid pressure greater than 0,05 MPa (0,5 bar) gauge. The gas
can be dry air or inert gases, for example sulphur hexafluoride, nitrogen, or a mixture of such gases.
NOTE 2 "Unpressurized" means a gas or liquid pressure smaller than or equal to 0,05 MPa (0,5 bar) gauge.

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IEC 62282-3-400:2016 applies to small stationary fuel cell power systems serving as a heating appliance providing both electric power and useful heat with or without a supplementary heat generator providing peak load function. This standard applies to fuel cell power systems that are intended to be permanently connected to the electrical system of the customer (end user). Direct connection to the mains (parallel operation) is also within the scope of this standard. This standard is limited to gas and liquid fuelled fuel cell CHP appliances that have a heat input based on lower heating value of less than or equal to 70 kW. This standard specifies the requirements for construction, safety, installation, fitness for purpose, rational use of energy, marking, and performance measurement of these appliances. This standard also provides regional and country specific requirements to facilitate the worldwide application of this IEC standard.

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Prescribes specified values for the mechanical characteristics of the composite string insulator units. Defines the main dimensions of the couplings to be used on the composite string insulator units in order to permit the assembly of insulators of fittings supplied by different manufacturers and to allow, whenever practical, interchangeability with existing installations. It also defines a standard designation system for composite string insulator units.

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IEC TS 60815-4:2016(E) which is a Technical Specification, is applicable as first approach for the determination of the required d.c. Unified Specific Creepage Distance for insulators with respect to pollution. To avoid excessive over or under design, existing operation experience should be compared and eventually additional appropriate tests may be performed by agreement between supplier and customer. It is applicable to:
- Glass and porcelain insulators;
- Composite and hybrid insulators with an HTM or non-HTM housing. This part of IEC 60815 gives specific guidelines and principles to arrive at an informed judgement on the probable behaviour of a given insulator in certain pollution environments.

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IEC 62772:2016 applies to composite hollow core station post insulators consisting of a load-bearing insulating tube (core) made of resin impregnated fibres an insulating filler material (e.g. solid, liquid, foam, gaseous pressurized or unpressurized), a housing (outside the insulating tube) made of polymeric material (for example silicone or ethylene-propylene) and metal fixing devices at the ends of the insulating tube. Composite hollow core station post insulators as defined in this standard are intended for general use in substations in both, outdoor and indoor environments, operating with a rated AC voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz or for use in direct current systems with a rated voltage greater than 1 500 V. The object of this standard is:
- to define the terms used;
- to prescribe test methods;
- to prescribe acceptance criteria.
All the tests in this standard, apart from the thermal-mechanical test, are performed at normal ambient temperature. This standard does not prescribe tests that may be characteristic of the apparatus of which the composite hollow core station post insulator ultimately may form a part.

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IEC 61000-4-9:2016 is available as IEC 61000-4-9:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61000-4-9:2016 specifies the immunity requirements, test methods, and range of recommended test levels for equipment subjected to impulse magnetic disturbances mainly encountered in industrial installations, power plants, railway installations, and medium voltage and high voltage sub-stations. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1993 and Amendment 1:2000. This edition constitutes a technical revision.

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This International Standard specifies characteristics for composite insulators of electric traction
overhead contact line systems for railways, as defined in IEC 60913. Insulators specified in this
standard are applied for electric traction supply voltages with a nominal voltage greater than
1 000 V for a.c. or a nominal voltage greater than 1 500 V for d.c.. Specific applications where
high torsional loads can occur are outside the scope of this standard and particular tests are
agreed between the supplier and customer to represent the critical loading arrangements.
This International Standard applies to composite insulators as defined in 3.1 below and not to
other polymeric insulators.
The provisions contained in this standard are intended for the design and construction of new
electric traction overhead contact line systems using insulators, or when complete
refurbishment of existing overhead contact line systems takes place.
This standard provides the purchaser and manufacturer with a range of tests which are used to
evaluate the suitability of an insulator product for a given railway environment. Additional tests
may be specified by the client to measure the compliance of the insulator under particular
operating conditions.
The standard establishes the product characteristics, the test methods and acceptance criteria.
The object of this standard is to stipulate the provisions for the design and provision of the
service indicated by the manufacturer to the customer or informed buyer for application on the
railway infrastructure.

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IEC 61466-1:2016 is applicable to composite string insulator units for a.c. overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. It also applies to insulators of similar design used in substations or on electric traction lines. This standard applies to string insulator units of composite type with ball, socket, tongue, clevis, Y-clevis or eye couplings, or a combination thereof. The object of this standard is to prescribe specified values for the mechanical characteristics of the composite string insulator units and define the main dimensions of the couplings to be used on the composite string insulator units in order to permit the assembly of insulators or fittings supplied by different manufacturers and to allow, whenever practical, interchangeability with existing installations. It also defines a standard designation system for composite string insulator units. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Addition of strength classes reflecting UHV practice;
b) Inclusion of Corrigendum 1:2008 for Y fitting hole dimensions.

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This part of IEC 62231 is applicable to composite station post insulators for substations with
a.c. voltages greater than 1 000 V up to 245 kV.
It also applies to composite station post insulators of similar design used in power stations of
railway systems.
This part of IEC 62231 specifies main dimensions and values for mechanical and electrical
characteristics of composite station post insulators.
NOTE The composite station post insulators covered by this standard are primarily intended for outdoor service,
but can also be used indoor.

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IEC TS 62073:2016(E) specifies the measurement of the hydrophobicity of the shed and housing material of composite insulators for overhead lines, substations and equipment or ceramic insulators covered or not covered by a coating. The obtained value represents the hydrophobicity at the time of the measurement. The object of this technical specification is to describe three methods that can be used to determine the hydrophobicity of insulators. The determination of the ability of water to wet the surface of insulators may be useful to evaluate the condition of the surface of insulators in service, or as part of the insulator testing in the laboratory. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Changed wettability to hydrophobicity throughout the document
b) Redefined the criteria for the determination of hydrophobicity class in paragraph 3.4.

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IEC TS 62896:2015(E) applies to hybrid insulators for a.c. and d.c. applications consisting of a load-bearing insulating solid or hollow core consisting of ceramic or glass, a housing (defined geometry, outside the insulating core) made of polymeric material and end fittings permanently attached to the insulating core. Hybrid insulators covered by this technical specification are intended for use as suspension/tension line insulators, line post insulators, station post insulators and hollow core insulators for apparatus. The object of this technical specification is to:
- define the terms used;
- prescribe test methods;
- prescribe acceptance criteria.
Silicone or other functional coatings (CIGRE Technical Brochure No. 478, Appendix B), booster sheds, shed extenders and rain deflectors are not within the scope of this technical specification. This technical specification does not include requirements dealing with the choice of insulators for specific operating conditions.

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IEC 62217:2012 is applicable to polymeric insulators whose insulating body consists of one or various organic materials. Polymeric insulators covered by this standard include both solid core and hollow insulators. They are intended for use on HV overhead lines and in indoor and outdoor equipment. The object of this standard is: - to define the common terms used for polymeric insulators; - to prescribe common test methods for design tests on polymeric insulators; - to prescribe acceptance or failure criteria, if applicable. These tests, criteria and recommendations are intended to ensure a satisfactory life-time under normal operating and environmental conditions. This standard shall only be applied in conjunction with the relevant product standard. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes a significant technical change with respect to the previous edition. The first edition of IEC 62217 (2005) included two other alternative tracking and erosion tests (a 5 000 hour multi-stress test and a tracking wheel test) which were based on tests developed by CIGRE and utilities. These tests are no longer given as normative alternatives following the results of a study/questionnaire by TC 36 on the relative merits of all three tracking and erosion tests. The 5 000 hour multi-stress test and a tracking wheel test are described in IEC/TR 62730 (2012).

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