oSIST prEN 197-1:2014
(Main)Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements
This European Standard defines and gives the specifications of 35 distinct common cements, 7 sulfate resisting common cements as well as 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cements and 2 sulfate resisting low early strength blast furnace cements and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a range of nine strength classes. The definition also includes requirements which the constituents have to meet. It also includes mechanical, physical, and chemical requirements. Furthermore, this standard states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability requirements are also given.
In addition to those sulfate resisting cements defined in the present document, other cements conforming either to this standard or to other standards, European or national, have been nationally demonstrated to have sulfate resisting properties. These cements which are listed in Annex A, are considered by different CEN Member countries as sulfate resisting within the limits of their territory.
NOTE 1 In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement manufacturer and user can be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in accordance with national standards or regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 2 The word 'cement' in EN 197-1 is used to refer only to common cements unless otherwise specified.
This European Standard does not cover:
- very low heat special cement covered by EN 14216;
- supersulfated cement covered by EN 15743;
- calcium aluminate cement covered by EN 14647;
- masonry cement covered by EN 413-1.
Zement - Teil 1: Zusammensetzung, Anforderungen und Konformitätskriterien von Normalzement
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Eigenschaften und Anforderungen von 35 unterschiedlichen Normalzementen, sieben Normalzementen mit hohem Sulfatwiderstand, drei unterschiedlichen Hochofenzementen mit niedriger Anfangsfestigkeit und zwei Hochofenzementen mit niedriger Anfangsfestigkeit und hohem Sulfatwiderstand sowie ihren Bestandteilen fest. Die Definition jeder Zementart enthält die Anteile der Bestandteile, die erforderlich sind, um diese verschiedenen Produkte in neun Festigkeitsklassen herzustellen. Die Definition enthält auch die Anforderungen, die die Bestandteile erfüllen müssen, sowie die Anforderungen an die mechanischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften. Darüber hinaus enthält diese Norm die Konformitätskriterien und die damit verbundenen Regeln sowie die erforderlichen Anforderungen an die Dauerhaftigkeit.
Neben den in diesem Dokument definierten Zementen mit hohem Sulfatwiderstand gibt es weitere Zemente, die entweder dieser Norm oder anderen Normen, ob europäisch oder national, entsprechen und deren Sulfatwiderstandsfähigkeit unter nationalen Bedingungen nachgewiesen wurde. Diese Zemente, die in Anhang A aufgeführt sind, gelten in den jeweiligen CEN-Mitgliedsländern innerhalb ihrer Länder als sulfat-widerstandsfähig.
ANMERKUNG 1 Neben den festgelegten Anforderungen kann ein Austausch von zusätzlichen Informationen zwischen Zementhersteller und -anwender sinnvoll sein. Die Vorgehensweisen für einen solchen Austausch sind nicht Gegenstand dieser Norm, sondern sie sollten in Übereinstimmung mit den nationalen Normen oder Vorschriften festgelegt werden oder können zwischen den Beteiligten vereinbart werden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Wenn nicht anders angegeben, bezieht sich das Wort „Zement“ in EN 197-1 nur auf Normalzemente.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für:
- Sonderzement mit sehr niedriger Hydratationswärme nach EN 14216;
- Sulfathüttenzement nach EN 15743;
- Tonerdezement nach EN 14647;
- Putz- und Mauerbinder nach EN 413-1.
Ciment - Partie 1 : Composition, spécifications et critères des conformité des ciments courants
Cement - 1. del: Sestava, zahteve in merila skladnosti za običajne cemente
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 197-1:2014
01-september-2014
&HPHQWGHO 6HVWDYD]DKWHYHLQPHULODVNODGQRVWL]DRELþDMQHFHPHQWH
Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common
cements
Zement - Teil 1: Zusammensetzung, Anforderungen und Konformitätskriterien von
Normalzement
Ciment - Partie 1 : Composition, spécifications et critères des conformité des ciments
courants
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 197-1 rev
ICS:
91.100.10 Cement. Mavec. Apno. Malta Cement. Gypsum. Lime.
Mortar
oSIST prEN 197-1:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 197-1:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 197-1 rev
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2014
ICS Will supersede EN 197-1:2011
English Version
Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity
criteria for common cements
Ciment - Partie 1 : Composition, spécifications et critères Zement - Teil 1: Zusammensetzung, Anforderungen und
des conformité des ciments courants Konformitätskriterien von Normalzement
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 51.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 197-1 rev:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Cement . 7
5 Constituents . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Main constituents . 8
5.3 Minor additional constituents . 12
5.4 Calcium sulfate . 12
5.5 Additives . 12
6 Composition and notation . 12
6.1 Composition and notation of common cements . 12
6.2 Composition and notation of sulfate resisting common cements (SR-Cements) . 15
6.3 Composition and notation of low early strength common cements . 16
7 Mechanical, physical, chemical and durability requirements . 16
7.1 Mechanical requirements . 16
7.2 Physical requirements . 16
7.3 Chemical requirements . 17
7.4 Durability requirements . 18
7.5 Dangerous substances . 19
8 Standard designation . 19
9 Conformity criteria . 20
9.1 General requirements . 20
9.2 Conformity criteria for mechanical, physical and chemical properties and evaluation procedure22
9.3 Conformity criteria for cement composition . 25
9.4 Conformity criteria for properties of the cement constituents . 26
Annex A (informative) List of common cements considered as sulfate resisting by National Standards in
different CEN member countries but not included in Table 2 or not fulfilling the requirements given
in Table 5. 27
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European standard addressing the provisions of the EU
Construction Products Regulation . 28
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics . 28
ZA.2 Procedure for AVCP of common cements . 30
ZA.2.1 System(s) of AVCP . 30
ZA.2.2 Declaration of performance (DoP) . 31
Bibliography . 35
2
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Foreword
This document (prEN 197-1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and building
limes”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 197-1:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011.
For relationship with Regulation (EU) No. 305/2011, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Annexes A and ZA are informative.
The preparation of a standard for cement was initiated by the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1969 and, at the
request of a member state later in 1973, the work was given to the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). The
Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 was entrusted with the task of preparing a cement standard for the countries of
Western Europe, comprising the EEC and EFTA members.
In the early eighties, CEN/TC 51 decided to include in the standard for cement only those cements which are intended
for use in any plain and reinforced concrete and which are familiar in most countries in Western Europe because they
have been produced and used in these countries for many years. The EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC)
required the incorporation of all traditional and well-tried cements in order to remove technical barriers to trade in the
construction field. There are currently no criteria for the descriptions "traditional" and "well tried" and it was considered
necessary to separate the “common cements” from special cements, i.e. those with additional or special properties.
The requirements in this standard are based on the results of tests on cement in accordance with EN 196-1, EN 196-2,
EN 196-3, EN 196-5, EN 196-6, EN 196-7, EN 196-8, and EN 196-9. The scheme for the evaluation of conformity of
common cements including common cements with low heat of hydration and common cements generally accepted as
being sulfate resisting are specified in EN 197-2.
In 2006, CEN/TC 51 started to investigate the possible standardization of new cements produced with traditional
constituent materials and manufacturing methods, but according to composition limits out of the limits defined so far in
EN 197-1. Based on the results of a pre-normative study presented in 2011, new cements containing Portland cement
clinker and, as other main constituents, limestone, granulated blast furnace slag or siliceous fly ash or natural
pozzolana, have been standardized in this document as CEM II/C and CEM VI.
The strength attained at twenty-eight days is the important criterion in classifying cement for most uses. In order to
achieve a specific strength class at twenty-eight days the early strength, at two days or at seven days, can vary and
some types of cement may not attain the minimum early strengths specified in EN 197-1 for common cements.
The heat of hydration is linked to the early reactivity and lower early strengths indicate lower heat evolution and lower
temperatures in concrete. For these cements additional precautions in use can be necessary to ensure adequate curing
and safety in construction.
The purpose of this standard is to specify the composition requirements and conformity requirements for common
cements, including common cements with low heat of hydration and common cements with adequate sulfate resistance
as well as low early strength blast furnace cements and low early strength blast furnace cements with low heat of
hydration.
Cement types and strength classes defined in this European Standard allow the specifier and/or the user to fulfil
objectives of sustainability for cement based constructions. Cement types produced by using constituents listed and
defined in Clause 5 allow the manufacturer to minimize the use of natural resources in accordance with local conditions
of production.
3
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Introduction
It is recognized that different cements have different properties and performance. Those performance tests now
available (i.e. setting time, strength, soundness and heat of hydration), have been included in this standard. In addition,
work is being carried out by CEN/TC 51 to identify any additional tests which are needed to specify further performance
characteristics of cement. Until further performance tests are available it is necessary that the choice of cement,
especially the type and/or strength class in relation to the requirements for durability depending on exposure class and
type of construction in which it is incorporated, follows the appropriate standards and/or regulations for concrete or
mortar valid in the place of use.
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1 Scope
This European Standard defines and gives the specifications of 35 distinct common cements, 7 sulfate resisting
common cements as well as 3 distinct low early strength blast furnace cements and 2 sulfate resisting low early strength
blast furnace cements and their constituents. The definition of each cement includes the proportions in which the
constituents are to be combined to produce these distinct products in a range of nine strength classes. The definition
also includes requirements which the constituents have to meet. It also includes mechanical, physical, and chemical
requirements. Furthermore, this standard states the conformity criteria and the related rules. Necessary durability
requirements are also given.
In addition to those sulfate resisting cements defined in the present document, other cements conforming either to this
standard or to other standards, European or national, have been nationally demonstrated to have sulfate resisting
properties. These cements which are listed in Annex A, are considered by different CEN Member countries as sulfate
resisting within the limits of their territory.
NOTE 1 In addition to the specified requirements, an exchange of additional information between the cement manufacturer and
user can be helpful. The procedures for such an exchange are not within the scope of this standard but should be dealt with in
accordance with national standards or regulations or can be agreed between the parties concerned.
NOTE 2 The word “cement” in EN 197-1 is used to refer only to common cements unless otherwise specified.
This European Standard does not cover:
very low heat special cement covered by EN 14216;
supersulfated cement covered by EN 15743;
calcium aluminate cement covered by EN 14647;
masonry cement covered by EN 413-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its
application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement — Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 196-2, Methods of testing cement — Part 2: Chemical analysis of cement
EN 196-3, Methods of testing cement — Part 3: Determination of setting times and soundness
EN 196-5, Methods of testing cement — Part 5: Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cement
EN 196-6, Methods of testing cement — Part 6: Determination of fineness
EN 196-7, Methods of testing cement — Part 7: Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement
EN 196-8, Methods of testing cement — Part 8: Heat of hydration — Solution method
EN 196-9, Methods of testing cement — Part 9: Heat of hydration — Semi-adiabatic method
EN 197-2:2014, Cement — Part 2: Conformity evaluation
EN 451-1, Method of testing fly ash — Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content
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EN 933-9, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 9: Assessment of fines — Methylene blue test
EN 13639, Determination of total organic carbon in limestone
ISO 9277, Determination of the specific surface area of solids by gas adsorption BET method
ISO 9286, Abrasive grains and crude — Chemical analysis of silicon carbide
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
reactive calcium oxide (CaO)
fraction of the calcium oxide which, under normal hardening conditions, can form calcium silicate hydrates or calcium
aluminate hydrates
Note 1 to entry: To evaluate this fraction, the total calcium oxide content (see EN 196-2) is reduced by the fraction corresponding
), based on the measured carbon dioxide (CO ) content (see EN 196-2), and the fraction corresponding
to calcium carbonate (CaCO
3 2
to calcium sulfate (CaSO ), based on the measured sulfate (SO ) content (see EN 196-2) after subtraction of the SO taken up by
4 3 3
alkalis.
3.2
reactive silicon dioxide (SiO )
2
fraction of the silicon dioxide which is soluble after treatment with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and with boiling potassium
hydroxide (KOH) solution
Note 1 to entry: The quantity of reactive silicon dioxide is determined by subtracting from the total silicon dioxide content (see
EN 196-2) the fraction contained in the residue insoluble in hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide (see EN 196-2), both on a dry
basis.
3.3
main constituent
specially selected inorganic material in a proportion exceeding 5 % by mass related to the sum of all main and minor
additional constituents
3.4
minor additional constituent
specially selected inorganic material used in a proportion not exceeding a total of 5 % by mass related to the sum of all
main and minor additional constituents
3.5
type of common cement
one of the 35 products (see Table 1) in the family of common cements
3.6
strength class of cement
class of compressive strength
3.7
autocontrol testing
continual testing by the manufacturer of cement spot samples taken at the point(s) of release from the factory/depot
3.8
control period
period of production and dispatch identified for the evaluation of the autocontrol test results
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3.9
characteristic value
value of a required property outside of which lies a specified percentage, the percentile P , of all the values of the
k
population
3.10
specified characteristic value
characteristic value of a mechanical, physical or chemical property which in the case of an upper limit is not to be
exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached
3.11
single result limit value
value of a mechanical, physical or chemical property which – for any single test result – in the case of an upper limit is
not to be exceeded or in the case of a lower limit is, as a minimum, to be reached
3.12
allowable probability of acceptance CR
for a given sampling plan, allowed probability of acceptance of cement with a characteristic value outside the specified
characteristic value
3.13
sampling plan
specific plan which states the (statistical) sample size(s) to be used, the percentile P and the allowable probability of
k
acceptance CR
3.14
spot sample
sample which is taken at the same time and from one and the same place, relating to the intended tests, and which can
be obtained by combining one or more immediately consecutive increments
Note 1 to entry: See EN 196-7.
3.15
heat of hydration
quantity of heat developed by the hydration of a cement within a given period of time
3.16
low heat common cement
common cement with a limited heat of hydration
3.17
sulfate resisting common cement
common cement which fulfils the requirements for sulfate resisting properties
3.18
low heat low early strength blast furnace cement
low early strength blast furnace cement with a limited heat of hydration
3.19
sulfate resisting low early strength blast furnace cement
low early strength blast furnace cement which fulfils the requirements for sulfate resisting properties
4 Cement
Cement is a hydraulic binder, i.e. a finely ground inorganic material which, when mixed with water, forms a paste which
sets and hardens by means of hydration reactions and processes and which, after hardening, retains its strength and
stability even under water.
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Cement conforming to this standard, termed CEM cement, shall, when appropriately batched and mixed with aggregate
and water, be capable of producing concrete or mortar which retains its workability for a sufficient time and shall after
defined periods attain specified strength levels and also possess long-term volume stability.
Hydraulic hardening of CEM cement is primarily due to the hydration of calcium silicates but other chemical compounds
may also participate in the hardening process, e.g. aluminates. The sum of the proportions of reactive calcium oxide
(CaO) and reactive silicon dioxide (SiO ) in CEM cement shall be at least 50 % by mass when the proportions are
2
determined in accordance with EN 196-2.
CEM cements consist of different materials and are statistically homogeneous in composition resulting from quality
assured production and material handling processes. The link between these production and material handling
processes and the conformity of cement to this standard is elaborated in EN 197-2.
NOTE There are also cements whose hardening is mainly due to other compounds, e.g. calcium aluminate in calcium aluminate
cement.
5 Constituents
5.1 General
The requirements for the constituents specified in 5.2 to 5.5 shall be determined in principle in accordance with the test
methods described in EN 196 unless otherwise specified.
5.2 Main constituents
5.2.1 Portland cement clinker (K)
Portland cement clinker is made by sintering a precisely specified mixture of raw materials (raw meal, paste or slurry)
containing elements, usually expressed as oxides, CaO, SiO , Al O , Fe O and small quantities of other materials. The
2 2 3 2 3
raw meal, paste or slurry is finely divided, intimately mixed and therefore homogeneous.
Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which shall consist of at least two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates
(3CaO · SiO and 2CaO · SiO ), the remainder consisting of aluminium and iron containing clinker phases and other
2 2
compounds. The ratio by mass (CaO)/(SiO ) shall be not less than 2,0. The content of magnesium oxide (MgO) shall
2
not exceed 5,0 % by mass.
Portland cement clinker incorporated in sulfate resisting Portland cement (CEM I) and sulfate resisting pozzolanic
cements (CEM IV) shall fulfil additional requirements for tricalcium aluminate content (C A). The tricalcium aluminate
3
content of the clinker shall be calculated by Equation (1) as follows:
C A = 2,65 A – 1,69 F (1)
3
where
A is the percentage of aluminium oxide (Al O ) by mass of the clinker as determined in accordance with EN 196-
2 3
2
F is the percentage of iron (III) oxide (Fe O ) by mass of the clinker as determined in accordance with EN 196-2.
2 3
NOTE It may happen that a negative C A value is obtained from the calculation. In this case, the value 0 % should be recorded.
3
A test method to determine the C A content of clinker from the analysis of a spot sample of cement is currently under development by
3
CEN/TC 51. Until this method is available, the C A content should be directly measured on the clinker. In the specific case of CEM I,
3
it is permissible to calculate the C A content of clinker from the chemical analysis of the cement. The minimum frequency of testing
3
and the use of alternative methods for the direct or indirect evaluation of C A should be included in the factory production control (see
3
EN 197-2). A typical frequency of testing is two per month in routine situations.
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Sulfate resisting Portland cements and sulfate resisting pozzolanic cements are made with Portland cement clinker in
which the C A content does not exceed:
3
For CEM I: 0 %, 3 % or 5 % as appropriate (see 6.2)
For CEM IV/A and CEM IV/B: 9 %.
5.2.2 Granulated blast furnace slag (S)
Granulated blast furnace slag is made by rapid cooling of a slag melt of suitable composition, as obtained by smelting
iron ore in a blast furnace and contains at least two-thirds by mass of glassy slag and possesses hydraulic properties
when suitably activated.
Granulated blast furnace slag shall consist of at least two-thirds by mass of the sum of calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium
oxide (MgO) and silicon dioxide (SiO ). The remainder contains aluminium oxide (Al O ) together with small amounts of
2 2 3
other compounds. The ratio by mass (CaO + MgO)/(SiO ) shall exceed 1,0.
2
5.2.3 Pozzolanic materials (P, Q)
5.2.3.1 General
Pozzolanic materials are natural substances of siliceous or silico-aluminous composition or a combination thereof.
Although fly ash and silica fume have pozzolanic properties, they are specified in separate subclauses (see 5.2.4 and
5.2.7).
Pozzolanic materials do not harden in themselves when mixed with water but, when finely ground and in the presence
of water, they react at normal ambient temperature with dissolved calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ) to form strength-
2
developing calcium silicate and calcium aluminate compounds. These compounds are similar to those which are formed
in the hardening of hydraulic materials. Pozzolanas consist essentially of reactive silicon dioxide (SiO ) and aluminium
2
oxide (Al O ). The remainder contains iron oxide (Fe O ) and other oxides. The proportion of reactive calcium oxide for
2 3 2 3
hardening is negligible. The reactive silicon dioxide content shall be not less than 25,0 % by mass.
Pozzolanic materials shall be correctly prepared, i.e. selected, homogenized, dried, or heat-treated and comminuted,
depending on their state of production or delivery.
5.2.3.2 Natural pozzolana (P)
Natural pozzolanas are usually materials of volcanic origin or sedimentary rocks with suitable chemical and
mineralogical composition and shall conform to 5.2.3.1.
5.2.3.3 Natural calcined pozzolana (Q)
Natural calcined pozzolanas are materials of volcanic origin, clays, shales or sedimentary rocks, activated by thermal
treatment and shall conform to 5.2.3.1.
5.2.4 Fly ashes (V, W)
5.2.4.1 General
Fly ash is obtained by electrostatic or mechanical precipitation of dust-like particles from the flue gases from furnaces
fired with pulverized coal.
NOTE 1 For definition of fly ash see EN 450-1.
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Ash obtained by other methods shall not be used in cement that conforms to this standard.
Fly ash may be siliceous or calcareous in nature. The former has pozzolanic properties; the latter may have, in addition,
hydraulic properties. The loss on ignition of fly ash determined in accordance with EN 196-2, but using an ignition time
of 1 h, shall be within one of the following limits:
a) 0 % to 5,0 % by mass
b) 2,0 % to 7,0 % by mass
c) 4,0 % to 9,0 % by mass
The upper limit of loss on ignition of the fly ash used as a main constituent for the production of a cement shall be stated
on its packaging and/or delivery note.
NOTE 2 The purpose of the requirement for the loss on ignition is to limit the residue of unburnt carbon in the fly ash. It is
therefore sufficient to show, through direct measurement of unburnt carbon residue, that the content of unburnt carbon falls within the
limits of the categories specified above. The content of unburnt carbon is determined in accordance with ISO 10694.
5.2.4.2 Siliceous fly ash (V)
Siliceous fly ash is a fine powder of mostly spherical particles having pozzolanic properties. It consists essentially of
reactive silicon dioxide (SiO ) and aluminium oxide (Al O ). The remainder contains iron oxide (Fe O ) and other
2 2 3 2 3
compounds.
The proportion of reactive calcium oxide (CaO) shall be less than 10,0 % by mass, the content of free calcium oxide, as
determined by the method described in EN 451-1 shall not exceed 1,0 % by mass. Fly ash having a free calcium oxide
content higher than 1,0 % by mass but less than 2,5 % by mass is also acceptable, provided that the requirement on
expansion (soundness) does not exceed 10 mm when tested in accordance with EN 196-3 using a mixture of 30 % by
mass of siliceous fly ash and 70 % by mass of a CEM I cement conforming to EN 197-1.
The reactive silicon dioxide content shall not be less than 25,0 % by mass.
5.2.4.3 Calcareous fly ash (W)
Calcareous fly ash is a fine powder, having hydraulic and/or pozzolanic properties. It consists essentially of reactive
calcium oxide (CaO), reactive silicon dioxide (SiO ) and aluminium oxide (Al O ). The remainder contains iron oxide
2 2 3
(Fe O ) and other compounds
...
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