SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms (ISO 3382-2:2008)
Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms (ISO 3382-2:2008)
This part of ISO 3382 specifies methods for the measurement of reverberation time in ordinary rooms. It describes the measurement procedure, the apparatus needed, the required number of measurement positions, and the method for evaluating the data and presenting the test report. The measurement results can be used for correction of other acoustic measurements, e.g. sound pressure level from sound sources or measurements of sound insulation, and for comparison with requirements for reverberation time in rooms.
Akustik - Messung von Parametern der Raumakustik - Teil 2: Nachhallzeit in gewöhnlichen Räumen (ISO 3382-2:2008)
Dieser Teil von ISO 3382 legt Verfahren zur Messung der Nachhallzeit in Räumen fest. Sie legt das Messverfahren, die benötigten Geräte, die erforderliche Anzahl der Messpunkte und das Verfahren zur Auswertung der Daten und zur Abfassung des Prüfberichts fest.
Die Messergebnisse können für die Korrektur weiterer akustischer Messungen angewendet werden, z. B. die Bestimmung des Schalldruckpegels von Schallquellen oder Messungen der Schalldämmung und für den Vergleich mit den Anforderungen an die Nachhallzeit in Räumen.
Acoustique - Mesurage des parametres acoustiques des salles - Partie 2: Durée de réverbération des salles ordinaires (ISO 3382-2:2008)
L'ISO 3382-2:2008 spécifie des méthodes de mesurage de la durée de réverbération des salles. Elle décrit le mode opératoire de mesurage, l'équipement nécessaire, le nombre requis de positions de mesurage et la méthode d'évaluation des données et de présentation du rapport d'essai.
Les résultats du mesurage peuvent être utilisés pour corriger d'autres mesurages acoustiques (le niveau de pression acoustique provenant de sources sonores ou les mesurages de l'isolement acoustique, par exemple) et pour la comparaison avec les exigences en matière de durée de réverbération des salles.
Akustika - Merjenje parametrov prostorske akustike - 2. del: Odmevni čas v običajnih prostorih (ISO 3382-2:2008)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Akustik - Messung von Parametern der Raumakustik - Teil 2: Nachhallzeit in gewöhnlichen Räumen (ISO 3382-2:2008)Acoustique - Mesurage des parametres acoustiques des salles - Partie 2: Durée de réverbération des salles ordinaires (ISO 3382-2:2008)Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms (ISO 3382-2:2008)91.120.20L]RODFLMDAcoustics in building. Sound insulation17.140.01Acoustic measurements and noise abatement in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN ISO 3382-2:2008SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008en01-november-2008SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN ISO 3382:20011DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN ISO 3382-2June 2008ICS 91.120.20Supersedes EN ISO 3382:2000
English VersionAcoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 2:Reverberation time in ordinary rooms (ISO 3382-2:2008)Acoustique - Mesurage des paramètres acoustiques dessalles - Partie 2: Durée de réverbération des sallesordinaires (ISO 3382-2:2008)Akustik - Messung von Parametern der Raumakustik - Teil2: Nachhallzeit in gewöhnlichen Räumen (ISO 3382-2:2008)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 May 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 3382-2:2008: ESIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
EN ISO 3382-2:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
EN ISO 3382-2:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 3382-2:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 "Acoustics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 “Acoustic properties of building elements and of buildings” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2008. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 3382:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 3382-2:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 3382-2:2008 without any modification.
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
Reference numberISO 3382-2:2008(E)© ISO 2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO3382-2First edition2008-06-15Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms Acoustique — Mesurage des paramètres acoustiques des salles —
Partie 2: Durée de réverbération des salles ordinaires
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword.iv Introduction.v 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Terms and definitions.1 4 Measurement conditions.2 4.1 General.2 4.2 Equipment.3 4.3 Measurement positions.4 5 Measurement procedures.5 5.1 General.5 5.2 Interrupted noise method.5 5.3 Integrated impulse response method.6 6 Evaluation of decay curves.7 7 Measurement uncertainty.7 7.1 Interrupted noise method.7 7.2 Integrated impulse response method.8 7.3 Lower limits for reliable results caused by filter and detector.8 8 Spatial averaging.8 9 Statement of results.9 9.1 Tables and curves.9 9.2 Test report.9 Annex A (informative)
Measurement uncertainty.10 Annex B (informative)
Evaluation of non-linear decay curves.14 Annex C (informative)
Formulas for the least-squares fit method.16 Bibliography.17
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3382-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building acoustics. ISO 3382-2, together with ISO 3382-1 and ISO 3382-3, cancel and replace ISO 3382:1997. ISO 3382 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters: ⎯ Part 1: Performance rooms ⎯ Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms The following part is in preparation: ⎯ Part 3: Open plan spaces SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved vIntroduction This part of ISO 3382 specifies three levels of measurement accuracy: survey; engineering; and precision. The main difference concerns the number of measurement positions and thus the time required for the measurements. Annex A contains some additional information about the measurement uncertainty of the reverberation time. The introduction of the option of a survey measurement is intended to promote more frequent measurement of reverberation time in rooms where it is relevant. It is obvious that a very simple measurement is better than no measurement. There are several reasons to measure reverberation time. First, the sound pressure level from noise sources, the intelligibility of speech, and the perception of privacy in a room are strongly dependent on reverberation time. Rooms may include domestic rooms, stairways, workshops, industrial plants, classrooms, offices, restaurants, exhibition centres, sports halls, and railway and airport terminals. Second, reverberation time is measured to determine the correction term for room absorption inherent in many acoustic measurements, such as sound insulation measurements according to ISO 140 (all parts) and sound power measurements according to ISO 3740. In some countries, building codes specify the required reverberation times in classrooms and other categories of room. However, in the vast majority of rooms, it is left to the design team to specify and design for a reverberation time that is reasonable for the purpose of a room. This part of ISO 3382 is intended to contribute to the general understanding and acceptance of reverberation time for room quality and usability. Two different evaluation ranges are defined in this part of ISO 3382, 20 dB and 30 dB. However, a preference has been given to the 20 dB evaluation range for several reasons: a) the subjective evaluation of reverberation is related to the early part of the decay; b) for the estimation of the steady-state sound level in a room from its reverberation time, it is appropriate to use the early part of the decay: and c) the signal-to-noise ratio is often a problem in field measurements, and it is often difficult or impossible to get a evaluation range of more than 20 dB. This requires a signal-to-noise level of at least 35 dB. The traditional measuring technique is based on visual inspection of every single decay curve. With modern measuring equipment, the decay curves are normally not displayed and this may introduce a risk that abnormal decay curves are used for the determination of the reverberation time. For this reason, Annex B introduces two new measures that quantify the degree of non-linearity and the degree of curvature of the decay curve. These measures may be used to give warnings when the decay curve is not linear, and consequently the result should be marked as less reliable and not having a unique reverberation. The use of rotating microphones during the measurement of decay curves has been considered by the working group, and this procedure is found to be without a clear physical meaning and thus it is only accepted for the interrupted noise method and only when the result is used for a correction term. For other reverberation time measurements, ISO 3382-1 covers auditoria and performance spaces, and ISO 354 absorption coefficient measurements in a reverberation room. Neither ISO 3382-1 nor ISO 354 is suitable for measurements in rooms like those mentioned above. Thus, this part of ISO 3382 fills a gap among measurement standards for acoustic properties of buildings. This part of ISO 3382 does not repeat the technical details of ISO 3382-1, but deals with the measurement of reverberation time, only, in any kind of room.
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3382-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 1Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms 1 Scope This part of ISO 3382 specifies methods for the measurement of reverberation time in ordinary rooms. It describes the measurement procedure, the apparatus needed, the required number of measurement positions, and the method for evaluating the data and presenting the test report. The measurement results can be used for correction of other acoustic measurements, e.g. sound pressure level from sound sources or measurements of sound insulation, and for comparison with requirements for reverberation time in rooms. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3382-1:—1), Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 1: Performance rooms ISO 18233, Acoustics — Application of new measurement methods in building and room acoustics IEC 61260, Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 decay curve graphical representation of the decay of the sound pressure level in a room as a function of time after the sound source has stopped [ISO 354:2003, 3.1] NOTE It is possible to measure this decay either after the actual cut-off of a continuous sound source in the room or derived from the reverse-time integrated squared impulse response of the room, see Clause 5.
1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 3382:1997) SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) 2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 3.2 interrupted noise method method of obtaining decay curves by direct recording of the decay of sound pressure level after exciting a room with broadband or band-limited noise [ISO 354:2003, 3.3] 3.3 integrated impulse response method method of obtaining decay curves by reverse-time integration of squared impulse responses [ISO 354:2003, 3.4] 3.4 impulse response temporal evolution of the sound pressure observed at a point in a room as a result of the emission of a Dirac impulse at another point in the room [ISO 354:2003, 3.5] NOTE It is impossible in practice to create and radiate true Dirac delta functions but short transient sounds (e.g. from gunshots) can offer close enough approximations for practical measurement. An alternative measurement technique, however, is to use a period of maximum-length sequence (MLS) type signal or other deterministic, flat-spectrum signal like a sine sweep and transform the measured response back to an impulse response. 3.5 reverberation time T 〈room acoustic parameters〉 duration required for the space-averaged sound energy density in an enclosure to decrease by 60 dB after the source emission has stopped NOTE 1 The reverberation time is expressed in seconds. NOTE 2 T can be evaluated based on a smaller dynamic range than 60 dB and extrapolated to a decay time of 60 dB. It is then labelled accordingly. Thus, if T is derived from the time at which the decay curve first reaches 5 dB and 25 dB below the initial level, it is labelled T20. If decay values of 5 dB to 35 dB below the initial level are used, it is labelled T30. 3.6 large room volume an enclosed space of volume greater than 300 m3 4 Measurement conditions 4.1 General In many rooms, the number of people present can have a strong influence on the reverberation time. Reverberation time measurements should be made in a room containing no people. However, a room with up to two persons present may be allowed to represent its unoccupied state, unless otherwise specified. If the measurement result is used for correction of a measured sound pressure level, the number of persons present in the room should be the same for that measurement. In large rooms, attenuation by air can contribute significantly to sound absorption at high frequencies. For precision measurements, the temperature and relative humidity of the air in the room shall normally be measured. The contribution from air absorption is negligible if the reverberation time is shorter than 1,5 s at 2 kHz and shorter than 0,8 s at 4 kHz. In this case, it is not necessary to measure the temperature and relative humidity. SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 34.2 Equipment 4.2.1 Sound source The source should be as omnidirectional as possible. For precision measurements, the directivity of the sound source shall fulfil the requirements of ISO 3382-1:—, A.3.1. For the survey and engineering measurements, there are no specific requirements for the directivity. It shall produce a sound pressure level sufficient to provide decay curves with the required minimum dynamic range without contamination by background noise. 4.2.2 Microphones and analysis equipment Omnidirectional microphones shall be used to detect sound pressure and the output may be taken either ⎯ directly to an amplifier, filter set and a system for displaying decay curves or analysis equipment for deriving the impulse responses; or ⎯ to a signal recorder for later analysis. 4.2.2.1 Microphone and filters The microphone should be as small as possible and preferably have a maximum diaphragm diameter of 14 mm. Microphones with diameters up to 27 mm are allowed, if they are of the pressure response type or of the free field response type but supplied with a random incidence corrector. The octave or one-third-octave filters shall conform to IEC 61260. 4.2.2.2 Apparatus for forming decay record of level The apparatus for forming (and displaying and/or evaluating) the decay record shall use any of the following: a) exponential averaging, with continuous curve as output; b) exponential averaging, with successive discrete sample points from the continuous average as output; c) linear averaging, with successive discrete linear averages as output. The averaging time, i.e. time constant of an exponential averaging device, shall be less than, but as close as possible to T/30. Similarly, the averaging time of a linear averaging device shall be less than T/12. Here T is the reverberation time being measured. In apparatus where the decay record is formed as a succession of discrete points, the time interval between points on the record shall be less than 1,5 times the averaging time of the device. In all cases where the decay record is to be evaluated visually, adjust the time scale of the display so that the slope of the record is as close as possible to 45°. NOTE 1 The averaging time of an exponential averaging device is equal to 4,34 [= 10 lg(e)] divided by the decay rate in decibels per second of the device. NOTE 2 Commercial level recorders, in which sound pressure level is recorded graphically as a function of time, are usually equivalent to exponential averaging devices. NOTE 3 When an exponential averaging device is used, there is little advantage in setting the averaging time very much less than T/30. When a linear averaging device is used there is no advantage in setting the interval between points at very much less than T/12. In some sequential measuring procedures, it is feasible to set the averaging time appropriately for each frequency band. In other procedures, this is not feasible, and an averaging time or interval chosen as above with reference to the shortest reverberation time in any band has to serve for measurements in all bands. SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) 4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 4.2.2.3 Overload No overloading shall be allowed in any stage of the measuring apparatus. Where impulsive sound sources are used, peak-level indicating devices shall be used for checking against overloading. 4.3 Measurement positions 4.3.1 General The minimum numbers of measurement positions to achieve an appropriate coverage in a room are given in Table 1. In rooms with a complicated geometry, more measurement positions should be used. A distribution of microphone-positions shall be chosen which anticipates the major influences likely to cause differences in reverberation time throughout the room. Table 1 — Minimum numbers of positions and measurements
Survey Engineeringa Precision Source-microphone combinations 2 6 12 Source-positionsb W 1 W 2 W 2 Microphone-positionsc W 2 W 2 W 3 No. decays in each position (interrupted noise method) 1 2 3 a When the result is used for a correction term to other engineering-level measurements, only one source-position and three microphone-positions are required. b For the interrupted noise method uncorrelated sources may be used simultaneously. c For the interrupted noise method and when the result is used for a correction term a rotating microphone boom may be used instead of multiple microphone-positions.
For the interrupted noise method, the total number of decays is normally obtained by a number of repeated decays in each position. However, it is also allowed to take a new position for each decay, provided that the total number of decays is as prescribed. Source-positions may be chosen as the normal position according to the use of the room. In small rooms such as domestic rooms or when no normal positions exist, one source-position should be in a corner of the room. Microphone-positions should preferably be at least half a wavelength apart, i.e. a minimum distance of around 2 m for the usual frequency range. The distance from any microphone-position to the nearest reflecting surface, including the floor, should preferably be at least a quarter of a wavelength, i.e. normally around 1 m. Symmetric positions should be avoided. In the special case of a moving microphone, the sweep radius shall be at least 0,7 m. The plane of the traverse shall not lie within 10° of any plane of the room (wall, floor, ceiling). The duration of a traverse period shall not be less than 15 s. The microphone-positions shall not be too close together. Otherwise the number of independent positions is less than the actual number of measurement positions. The minimum numbers given in Table 1 are the numbers of independent positions. No microphone-position shall be too close to any source-position in order to avoid too strong influence from the direct sound. The minimum distance, dmin, in metres, can be calculated from Equation (1): lmin2VdcT= (1) where V is the volume, in cubic metres; SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved 5c is the speed of sound, in metres per second; lT is an estimate of the expected reverberation time, in seconds. 4.3.2 Survey method The survey method is appropriate for the assessment of the amount of the room absorption for noise control purposes, and survey measurements of the airborne and impact sound insulation. It should be used for measurements in ISO 10052. Survey measurements are made in octave bands, only. The nominal accuracy is assumed to be better than 10 % for octave bands, see Annex A. Make measurements of the reverberation time for at least one source-position. Find the average of results from at least two source-microphone combinations, see Table 1. 4.3.3 Engineering method The engineering method is appropriate for verification of building performance for comparison with specifications of reverberation time or room absorption. It should be used for measurements in ISO 140 (all parts) with remarks to reverberation time measurements. The nominal accuracy is assumed to be better than 5 % in octave bands and better than 10 % in one-third-octave bands, see Annex A. Make measurements of the reverberation time for at least two source-positions. At least six independent source-microphone combinations are required, see Table 1. 4.3.4 Precision method The precision method is appropriate where high measurement accuracy is required. The nominal accuracy is assumed to be better than 2,5 % in octave bands and better than 5 % in one-third-octave bands, see Annex A. Make measurements of the reverberation time for at least two source-positions. At least 12 independent source-microphone combinations are required, see Table 1. 5 Measurement procedures 5.1 General Two methods of measuring the reverberation time are described in this part of ISO 3382: the interrupted noise method; and the integrated impulse response method. Both methods have the same expectation value. The frequency range depends on the purpose of the measurements. Where there is no requirement for specific frequency bands, the frequency range should cover at least 250 Hz to 2 000 Hz for the survey method. For the engineering and precision methods, the frequency range should cover at least 125 Hz to 4 000 Hz in octave bands, or 100 Hz to 5 000 Hz in one-third-octave bands. 5.2 Interrupted noise method 5.2.1 Excitation of the room A loudspeaker source shall be used and the signal fed into the loudspeaker shall be derived from broadband random or pseudo-random electrical noise. When using a pseudo-random noise, it shall be randomly stopped, not using a repeated sequence. The source shall be able to produce a sound pressure level sufficient to ensure a decay curve starting at least 35 dB above the background noise in the corresponding frequency band. If T30 is to be measured, it is necessary to create a level at least 45 dB above the background level. SIST EN ISO 3382-2:2008
ISO 3382-2:2008(E) 6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved For measurements in octave bands, the bandwidth of the signal shall be greater than or equal to one octave; for measurements in one-third-octave bands, the bandwidth of the signal shall be greater than or equal to one-third octave. The spectrum shall be reasonably flat within the actual octave band to be measured. Alternatively, the broadband noise spectrum may be shaped to provide a pink spectrum of steady-state reverberant sound in the enclosure from 88 Hz to 5 657 Hz. Thus the frequency range covers the one-third-octave bands with mid-band frequencies from 100 Hz to 5 kHz or octave bands from 125 Hz to 4 kHz. For the engineering and precision methods, the duration of excitation of the room needs to be
...
SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN ISO 3382-2:2006
PREDSTANDARD
junij 2006
Akustika - Merjenje akustičnih parametrov v prostorih - 2. del: Odmevni čas v
običajnih prostorih (ISO/DIS 3382 -2:2006)
Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 2: Reverberation time
in ordinary rooms (ISO/DIS 3382-2:2006)
ICS 91.120.20 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN ISO 3382-2:2006(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN ISO 3382-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2006
ICS Will supersede EN ISO 3382:2000
English Version
Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 2:
Reverberation time in ordinary rooms (ISO/DIS 3382-2:2006)
Acoustique - Mesurage des paramètres acoustiques des Akustik - Messung von Parametern der Raumakustik - Teil
salles - Partie 2: Durée de réverbération des salles 2: Nachhallzeit in gewöhnlichen Räumen (ISO/DIS 3382-
ordinaires (ISO/DIS 3382-2:2006) 2:2006)
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for parallel enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 126.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN ISO 3382-2:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN ISO 3382-2:2006 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN ISO 3382-2:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC
43 "Acoustics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 "Acoustic properties of
building elements and of buildings", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the parallel Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN ISO 3382:2000.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3382-2:2006 has been approved by CEN as prEN ISO 3382-2:2006 without
any modifications.
2
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3382-2
ISO/TC 43/SC 2 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2006-03-02 2006-08-02
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters —
Part 2:
Reverberation time in ordinary rooms
Acoustique — Mesurage des paramètres acoustiques des salles —
Partie 2: Durée de réverbération des salles ordinaires
ICS 91.120.20
ISO/CEN PARALLEL ENQUIRY
The CEN Secretary-General has advised the ISO Secretary-General that this ISO/DIS covers a subject
of interest to European standardization. In accordance with the ISO-lead mode of collaboration as
defined in the Vienna Agreement, consultation on this ISO/DIS has the same effect for CEN
members as would a CEN enquiry on a draft European Standard. Should this draft be accepted, a
final draft, established on the basis of comments received, will be submitted to a parallel two-month FDIS
vote in ISO and formal vote in CEN.
In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993 this document is circulated in
the English language only.
Conformément aux dispositions de la Résolution du Conseil 15/1993, ce document est distribué
en version anglaise seulement.
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at publication
stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
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ISO/DIS 3382-2
Contents Page
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Measurement conditions .2
5 Measurement procedures.5
6 Evaluation of decay curves .7
7 Measurement uncertainty.7
8 Spatial averaging.8
9 Statement of results.8
Annex A (informative) Measurement uncertainty .10
Annex B (informative) Evaluation of non-linear decay curves.13
Annex C (informative) Formulas for the least square fit method.15
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3382-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2.
It has been agreed with the Technical Committee ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building
acoustics that this document should form a new Part 2 of ISO 3382. The existing International Standard
ISO 3382:1997, Acoustics – Measurement of the reverberation time of rooms with reference to other
acoustical parameters should be made Part 1. In this way it will be clear that the two standards are closely
related but that they cover different applications. Part 1 contains the technical details of the measurement
technique and the information for room acoustic measurements in performance spaces, including the
measurement of other room acoustic parameters. Part 2 will not repeat the technical details of Part 1, but it
deals with the measurement of reverberation time, only, in any kind of room.
ISO 3382 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic
parameters:
⎯ Part 1: Performance rooms;
⎯ Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms.
The Annexes A, B and C are for information only.
Introduction
The reverberation time is important in many kinds of rooms and there are several purposes for measuring the
reverberation time. The sound pressure level from noise sources, the intelligibility of speech and the privacy in
a room are strongly dependent on the reverberation time. Examples of relevant rooms are living rooms,
stairways, workshops, industrial halls, classrooms, offices, restaurants, exhibition areas, sports halls and
railway and airport terminals. Another reason for measuring the reverberation time is for the correction term
for room absorption inherent in many acoustic measurements. Examples of this are sound insulation
measurements according to the ISO 140 series and sound power measurements according to the ISO 3740
series.
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ISO/DIS 3382-2
In some countries building codes specify the required reverberation times in classrooms and other categories
of room. However, in the vast majority of rooms it is left for the design team to specify and design for a
reverberation time that is reasonable for the purpose of a room. It is the hope that the present standard may
contribute to the general understanding and acceptance of the importance of reverberation time for the quality
and usability of rooms.
The standard specifies three levels of measurement accuracy: survey, engineering and precision. The main
difference concerns the number of measurement positions and thus the time required for the measurements.
Annex A contains some additional information about the measurement uncertainty of the reverberation time.
By introducing the option of a survey measurement it is the hope that reverberation time will be measured
more often in rooms where it is relevant. It seems obvious that even a very simple measurement is much
better than no measurement.
Two different evaluation ranges are defined in the standard, 20 dB and 30 dB. However, a preference has
been given to the 20 dB evaluation range for several reasons:
• The subjective evaluation of reverberation is related to the early part of the decay.
• For the estimation of the steady state sound level in a room from its reverberation time, it is appropriate to
use the early part of the decay.
• The signal-to-noise ratio is often a problem in field measurements, and it is often difficult or impossible to
get a evaluation range of more than 20 dB. This requires a signal-to-noise level of at least 35 dB.
The traditional measuring technique is based on visual inspection of every single decay curve. With modern
measuring equipment the decay curves are normally not displayed and this may introduce a risk that
abnormal decay curves are used for the determination of the reverberation time. For this reason Annex B
introduces two new measures that quantify the degree of non-linearity and the degree of curvature of the
decay curve. These measures may be used to give warnings when the decay curve is not linear, and
consequently the result should be dismissed or marked as less reliable.
The use of rotating microphones during the measurement of decay curves has been considered by the
working group, and this procedure is found to be without a clear physical meaning and thus it is not accepted
in this standard.
Two other standards for reverberation time measurement already exist: ISO 3382 for auditoriums and
performance spaces and ISO 354 for absorption coefficient measurements in a reverberation room. Neither of
these standards is suited for measurements in rooms like those mentioned above. Thus the present standard
is assumed to fill a gap among the measuring standards for acoustic properties of buildings.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 3382-2
Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters —
Part 2: Reverberation time in ordinary rooms
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for the measurement of reverberation time in rooms. It specifies
the measurement procedure, the apparatus needed, the required number of measurement positions, and the
method for evaluating the data and presenting the test report.
The measurement results may be used for correction of other acoustic measurements, e.g. sound pressure
level from sound sources or measurements of sound insulation. The results may also be used for comparison
with requirements for reverberation time in rooms. This standard is not applicable for concert halls and other
performance spaces.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 140 (all parts), Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements
ISO 10052, Acoustics — Field measurements of airborne and impact sound insulation and of service
equipment sound — Survey method
ISO/FDIS 18233, Acoustics – Application of new measurement methods in building acoustics
ISO/CD 3382-1:2005, Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 1: Performance spaces
IEC 60268-1:1985, Sound system equipment – Part 1: General
IEC 61260, Electro acoustics — Octave-band filters and fractional-octave-band filters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
decay curve
decay of sound pressure level as a function of time at one point of the room after the source of sound has
ceased
NOTE 1 This decay can be either measured after the actual cut-off of a continuous sound source in the room or
derived from the reverse-time integrated squared impulse response of the room, see clause 5.
NOTE 2 The decay directly obtained after non-continuous excitation of a room (e.g. by recording a gunshot with a level
recorder) is not recommended for accurate evaluation of the reverberation time. This method should only be used for
survey purposes following the procedure for survey measurements.
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3.2
interrupted noise method
method of obtaining decay curves by direct recording of the decay of sound pressure level after exciting a
room with broadband or band limited noise and turning it off
3.3
integrated impulse response method
method of obtaining decay curves by reverse-time integration of squared impulse responses
3.4
impulse response
plot as a function of time of the sound pressure received in a room as a result of an acoustical excitation of the
room by a Dirac delta signal
NOTE It is impossible in practice to create and radiate true Dirac delta functions but short transient sounds (e.g. from
gunshots) may offer close enough approximations for practical measurement. An alternative measurement technique,
however, is to use a period of maximum-length sequence type signal or other deterministic, flat-spectrum signal like a sine
sweep and transform the measured response back to an impulse response.
3.5
reverberation time
T
time, expressed in seconds, that would be required for the sound pressure level to decrease by 60 dB
NOTE The range to be evaluated is defined by the times at which the decay curve first reaches 5 dB and 25 dB
below the initial level, respectively. A value for T based on the decay rate over an extended dynamic range of 30 dB is also
allowable provided the results are appropriately labelled. In the case of ambiguity the measure for T using the decay
between 5 dB and 35 dB should be labelled T . Using 5 dB and 25 dB, the result should be labelled T .
30 20
3.6
large room volume
2
a room volume over 300 m
4 Measurement conditions
4.1 General
In many commonly encountered rooms the number of people present may have a strong influence on the
reverberation time. Preferably reverberation time measurements should be made in a room containing no
people. However, it may normally be allowed to represent an unoccupied state of the room with up to two
persons present in the room, unless something else is demanded by the requirements. If the measuring result
is used for correction of a measured sound pressure level the number of persons present in the room should
be the same for that measurement.
In large rooms the attenuation by the air may contribute significantly to the sound absorption at high
frequencies. For precision measurements the temperature and relative humidity of the air in the room shall
normally be measured.
NOTE The contribution from air absorption is of minor importance if the reverberation time is shorter than 1,5 s at
2 kHz and shorter than 0,8 s at 4 kHz. In this case it is not necessary to measure the temperature and relative humidity.
4.2 Equipment
4.2.1 Sound source
For precision measurements the sound source should be as close to omni-directional as possible (see
ISO/CD 3382-1, A.3.1). The sound source should not be strongly directional for any level of accuracy. For the
survey and engineering measurements any loudspeaker which is not strongly directional may be used. It shall
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produce a sound pressure level sufficient to provide decay curves with the required minimum dynamic range
without contamination by background noise.
4.2.2 Microphones and analysis equipment
Omni-directional microphones shall be used to detect the sound pressure and the output may be taken either
⎯ directly to an amplifier, filter set and a system for displaying decay curves or analysis equipment for
deriving the impulse responses; or
⎯ to a signal recorder for later analysis.
4.2.2.1 Microphone and filters
The microphone should be as small as possible and preferably have a maximum diaphragm diameter
of 14 mm. Microphones with diameters up to 27 mm are allowed, if they are of the pressure response type or
of the free field response type but supplied with a random incidence corrector. The octave or one-third-octave
filters shall conform to IEC 61260.
4.2.2.2 Apparatus for forming decay record of level
The apparatus for forming (and displaying and/or evaluating) the decay record shall use any of the following:
a) exponential averaging, with continuous curve as output;
b) exponential averaging, with successive discrete sample points from the continuous average as output;
c) linear averaging, with successive discrete linear averages as output (in some cases with small pauses
between performance of averages).
The averaging time, i.e. time constant of an exponential averaging device shall be less than, but as close as
possible to T/30. Similarly, the averaging time of a linear averaging device shall be less than T/12. Here T is
the reverberation time being measured.
In apparatus where the decay record is formed as a succession of discrete points, the time interval between
points on the record shall be less than 1,5 times the averaging time of the device.
In all cases where the decay record is to be evaluated visually, adjust the time scale of the display so that the
slope of the record is as close as possible to 45°.
NOTE 1 The averaging time of an exponential averaging device is equal to 4,34 (=10 lg e) divided by the decay rate in
decibels per second of the device.
NOTE 2 Commercial level recorders, in which sound pressure level is recorded graphically as a function of time, are
usually equivalent to exponential averaging devices.
NOTE 3 When an exponential averaging device is used there is little advantage in setting the averaging time very
much less than T/30. When a linear averaging device is used there is no advantage in setting the interval between points
at very much less than T/12. In some sequential measuring procedures it is feasible to set the averaging time
appropriately for each frequency band. In other procedures this is not feasible, and an averaging time or interval chosen
as above with reference to the shortest reverberation time in any band has to serve for measurements in all bands.
4.2.2.3 Overload
No overloading shall be allowed in any stage of the measuring apparatus. Where impulsive sound sources are
used, peak-level indicating devices shall be used for checking against overloading.
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4.3 Measurement positions
4.3.1 General
The number of measurement positions is chosen in order to achieve an appropriate coverage in the room (see
Table 1). The numbers in the table are minimum values. In rooms with a complicated geometry more
measurement positions should be used. A distribution of microphone-positions shall be chosen which
anticipates the major influences likely to cause differences in reverberation time throughout the room.
Table 1 — Minimum number of positions and measurements
c
Survey Engineering Precision
Source-microphone
2 6 12
combinations
Source positions
≥ 1 ≥ 2 ≥ 2
Microphone positions
≥ 2 ≥ 2 ≥ 3
Number of decays in each
position (interrupted noise 1 2 3
method)
a
For the interrupted noise method uncorrelated sources may be used simultaneously.
b
For the interrupted noise method and when the result is used for a correction term a rotating microphone boom may be used instead
of multiple microphone positions.
c
For the interrupted noise method and when the result is used for a correction term to other engineering-level measurements, only
one source position and three microphone positions are required.
For the interrupted noise method the total number of decays is normally obtained by a number of repeated
decays in each position. However, it is also allowed to take a new position for each decay, provided that the
total number of decays is as prescribed.
Source positions may be chosen as the normal position according to the use of the room. In small rooms such
as domestic rooms and when no normal positions exist, one source position should be in a corner of the room.
Microphone positions shall be at least half a wavelength apart, i.e. a minimum distance of around 2 m for the
usual frequency range. The distance from any microphone position to the nearest reflecting surface, including
the floor, shall be at least a quarter of a wavelength, i.e. normally around 1 m. Symmetric positions should be
avoided.
NOTE It is essential that the microphone positions are not too close together. Otherwise the number of independent
positions is less than the actual number of measurement positions. The minimum numbers given in Table 1 are the
numbers of independent positions.
No microphone position shall be too close to any source position in order to avoid too strong influence from
the direct sound. The minimum distance d , in metres, can be calculated from:
min
V
d = 2 (1)
min
cT
where
V is the volume, in cubic metres;
c is the speed of sound, in metres per second;
T is an estimate of the expected reverberation time, in seconds.
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4.3.2 Survey method
The survey method is appropriate for the assessment of the amount of the room absorption for noise control
purposes, and survey measurements of the airborne and impact sound insulation. It should be used for
measurements in ISO 10052. Survey measurements are made in octave bands, only. The nominal accuracy
is assumed to be better than 10% for octave bands, see Annex A.
Make measurements of the reverberation time for at least one source-position. Find the average of results
from at least two microphone-positions, see Table 1.
4.3.3 Engineering method
The engineering method is appropriate for verification of building performance for comparison with
specifications of reverberation time or room absorption. It should be used for measurements in all parts of
ISO 140 with remarks to reverberation time measurements. The nominal accuracy is assumed to be better
than 5% in octave bands and better than 10% in one-third octave bands, see Annex A.
Make measurements of the reverberation time for at least two source positions. At least 6 independent
source-microphone positions are required, see Table 1.
4.3.4 Precision method
The precision method is appropriate where high measurement accuracy is required. The nominal accuracy is
assumed to be better than 2,5% in octave bands and better than 5% in one-third octave bands, see Annex A.
Make measurements of the reverberation time for at least two source positions. At least 12 independent
source-microphone positions are required, see Table 1.
5 Measurement procedures
5.1 General
Two methods of measuring the reverberation time are described in this standard: the interrupted noise method
and the integrated impulse response method. Both methods have the same expectation value. The frequency
range depends on the purpose of the measurements. Where there is no requirement for specific frequency
bands, the frequency range should cover at least 250 Hz to 2 000 Hz for the survey method. For the
engineering and precision methods the frequency range should cover at least 125 Hz to 4 000 Hz in octave
bands, or 100 Hz to 5 000 Hz in one-third octave bands.
5.2 Interrupted noise method
5.2.1 Excitation of the room
A loudspeaker source shall be used and the signal fed into the loudspeaker shall be derived from broadband
random or pseudo-random electrical noise. When using a pseudo-random noise, it shall be randomly ceased,
not using a repeated sequence. The source shall be able to produce a sound pressure level sufficient to
ensure a decay curve starting at least 35 dB
...
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