oSIST prEN IEC 60676:2023
(Main)Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
Industrielle Elektrowärmeanlagen - Prüfverfahren für Lichtbogen-Schmelzöfen
Chauffage électrique industriel - Méthodes d'essai des fours à arc direct
Oprema za industrijsko električno ogrevanje - Preskusne metode za peči z odkritim oblokom
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60676:2023
01-junij-2023
Oprema za industrijsko električno ogrevanje - Preskusne metode za peči z
odkritim oblokom
Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
Industrielle Elektrowärmeanlagen - Prüfverfahren für Lichtbogen-Schmelzöfen
Chauffage électrique industriel - Méthodes d'essai des fours à arc direct
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60676:2023
ICS:
25.180.10 Električne peči Electric furnaces
oSIST prEN IEC 60676:2023 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN IEC 60676:2023
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oSIST prEN IEC 60676:2023
27/1163/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60676 ED4
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2023-04-28 2023-07-21
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
27/1152/CD, 27/1160/CC
IEC TC 27 : INDUSTRIAL ELECTROHEATING AND ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSING
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Poland Mrs Mariola Nowecka
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if any,
in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for
Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of
• any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation,
• any relevant “in some countries” clauses to be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are reminded that
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TITLE:
Industrial electroheating equipment - Test methods for direct arc furnaces
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2029
Copyright © 2023 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this
electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions.
You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without
permission in writing from IEC.
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NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:
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1
2 CONTENTS
3
4 INTRODUCTION . 7
5 1 Scope . 7
6 2 Normative references . 8
7 3 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms . 8
8 3.1 Terms and definitions. 8
9 3.2 Abbreviated terms . 12
10 4 Basic provisions for testing and test conditions . 12
11 Aim of testing . 12
12 Communication of test results . 12
13 Boundaries of the energy using system for testing . 12
14 General considerations . 12
15 Batch type installations . 12
16 Continuous type installations . 13
17 General requirements for testing . 13
18 Operating conditions during tests . 13
19 Environmental conditions during tests . 13
20 Supply voltage . 13
21 5 Comparing equipment or installations . 14
22 6 Measurements and workloads . 14
23 General . 14
24 Time resolution . 14
25 Frequency measurement . 14
26 Measurement of electrical data . 14
27 Supply voltage and current . 14
28 Voltage, current and electrical power . 14
29 Measurement positions . 14
30 Temperature measurement . 15
31 Dipping probes for liquid steel or slag . 15
32 Measurement of pressure, humidity, or composition of fluids . 15
33 Workload . 15
34 7 Numerical modelling . 16
35 8 Technical tests . 16
36 General . 16
37 Electrical insulation . 16
38 Cold function test . 16
39 Hot commissioning . 17
40 General . 17
41 Energy consumption during holding operation . 17
42 Energy consumption during normal operation . 17
43 Rated arc furnace capacity . 17
44 Preparation for performance test . 17
45 Performance dependence on supply voltage . 18
46 Processing range of intended operation . 18
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47 Short circuit test . 18
48 Electrode consumption . 18
49 Tap to tap time . 18
50 Power on time . 18
51 Arcing time . 18
52 Process time. 18
53 Apparent power . 19
54 Active power . 19
55 Reactive power . 19
56 Power factor . 19
57 9 Efficiency of the installation . 19
58 General . 19
59 Specific energy consumption of the workload . 19
60 Heating efficiency of arc furnace installation . 19
61 Supply power usage efficiency . 20
62 Energy transfer efficiency . 20
63 Annex A (informative) Energy efficiency assessment . 21
64 Annex B (informative) Visual display of energy efficiency related information . 22
65 B.101 General . 22
66 B.102 Sankey diagram of power balance – to be adapted to EAF route . 22
67 B.103 Time resolved power usage diagram . 22
68 Annex C (informative) Estimating energy use . 25
69 C.1 General . 25
70 C.2 Minimum energy consumption . 25
71 C.3 Holding power . 26
72 C.4 Transfer losses and transfer efficiency . 26
73 C.5 Examples . 26
74 Annex D (informative) Energy recoverability . 27
75 Annex AAA (informative) Short circuit test procedures (dip test) . 28
76 AAA.1 General . 28
77 AAA.1.1 EAF AC . 28
78 AAA.1.2 EAF DC . 28
79 AAA.2 High current system: resistance and reactance of EAF AC . 28
80 AAA.3 Impedances determined by short circuit test . 28
81 AAA.4 Test procedures for EAF AC . 28
82 AAA.5 Reactance asymmetry factor . 33
83 AAA.6 Uncertainties of the operational short circuit measurements . 33
84
85
86
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87 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
88 ____________
89
90 INDUSTRIAL ELECTROHEATING EQUIPMENT –
91 TEST METHODS FOR DIRECT ARC FURNACES
92
93 FOREWORD
94 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
95 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
96 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
97 in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
98 Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
99 preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
100 may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
101 with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
102 Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
103 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
104 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
105 interested IEC National Committees.
106 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
107 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
108 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
109 misinterpretation by any end user.
110 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
111 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
112 any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
113 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
114 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
115 services carried out by independent certification bodies.
116 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
117 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
118 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
119 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
120 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
121 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
122 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
123 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
124 rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
125 International Standard IEC 60676 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 27: Industrial
126 electroheating.
127 This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2011. It constitutes a
128 technical edition.
129 Significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
130 – The structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60398: 2015
131 – The scope has been redrafted
132 – The terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and
133 completed
134 – The test methods and content from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or
135 complimented with regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF)
136 – The annexes from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or complimented with
137 regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF).
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138 The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
27/xxx/FDIS 27/xxx/RVD
139
140 Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
141 voting indicated in the above table.
142 This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 60398:2015. It supplements or replaces the
143 corresponding clauses of IEC 60398:2015. Where the text indicates a “modification” of,
144 “addition” to or a “replacement” of the relevant provision of IEC 60398:2015, these changes are
145 made to the relevant text of IEC 60398:2015. Where no change is necessary, the words “This
146 clause of IEC 60398:2015 is applicable“ are used. When a particular subclause of IEC
147 60398:2015 is not mentioned in this standard, that subclause applies as far as it is reasonable.
148 When a particular subclause of IEC 60398:2015 is not applicable, the word “Void” is used.
149 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
150 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
151 stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
152 the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
153 • reconfirmed,
154 • withdrawn,
155 • replaced by a revised edition, or
156 • amended.
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157 INDUSTRIAL ELECTROHEATING EQUIPMENT –
158 TEST METHODS FOR DIRECT ARC FURNACES
159
160 INTRODUCTION
161 Direct electrical arc furnaces are very important applications for steel scrap melting, melting of
162 direct reduced iron (DRI), hot bricked iron (HBI) or hot metal. While ladle furnaces are mainly
163 used for providing the required quality and final adjustment of temperature of molten steel
164 before send to casting machine or to vacuum treatment stations.
165 The manufacturer of the installation or equipment usually needs to fulfil the following
166 requirements, which come from different sources and are quite often in this order of priorities:
167 a) to enable the intended process and make the installation to work properly
168 b) to be cost effective during design and manufacturing
169 c) to ensure that the equipment is safe to use in the sense of providing freedom from
170 unacceptable risk of physical injury or damage to the health of the operator (safety in the
171 narrower sense of ISO 12100:2010)
172 d) to prove that the equipment is cost effective to operate and uses sufficiently small amounts
173 of energy, material and other resources
174 e) to ensure that the equipment is safe to use in the sense of providing freedom from
175 unacceptable risk or physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to
176 property or the environment (adding other safety aims to c) and in the much broader
177 definition of safety according to ISO/IEC Guide 51)
178 It is usually part of the proprietary knowledge of the manufacturer or user of the equipment, to
179 make it cost effective or enabling intended processes with a benefit. IEC 60519-1 and
180 IEC 60519-4 assists with achieving safety in the ISO 12100:2010 sense. The focus of this
181 standard is on basic requirements for measuring instrumentation and test methods concerned
182 with energy and resource efficiency, performance of the intended process and assessing cost
183 of ownership for installations and equipment.
184 This document presumes that the installation or equipment is operated and maintained only by
185 personnel consisting of skilled or instructed persons.
186
187 1 Scope
188 This clause of IEC 60398 is replaced by the following.
189 Replacement:
190 This document specifies the basic test procedures, conditions and methods for establishing the
191 main performance parameters and the main operational characteristics of furnaces for direct
192 arc heating, forming arcs between the electrode and metal such as the electric arc furnace
193 using alternating current (EAF AC) or direct current (EAF DC), and ladle furnace (LF).
194 Measurements and tests that are solely used for the verification of safety requirements of
195 equipment for direct electrical arc furnaces are outside the scope of this document and are
196 covered by IEC 60519-1, IEC 60519-4 and ISO 13578.
197 This document is applicable for the commissioning, verification of design improvements or for
198 energy related tasks with respect to energy use or energy efficiency, establishing of an energy
199 baseline, and labelling. Some concepts from this document can directly be used as key
200 performance indicators.
201 Detailed tests for specific types of electric arc furnace equipment and installations are beyond
202 the scope of this document. This document is intended as general reference for all future test
203 standards applicable to particular electric arc furnace equipment or installations.
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204 This document includes the concept and material presented in IEC 60398 on energy efficiency
205 dealing with the electrical and processing parts of the equipment, as well as the overall
206 performance.
207 Test methods for some special equipment, e.g., controlled rectifiers, are covered by
208 IEC 60146-1-1 and furnace transformers are covered by IEC 60076 series.
209 Test methods for submerged arc furnaces (SAF) are covered by IEC 60683.
210 2 Normative references
211 This clause of IEC 60398 is replaced by the following.
212 Replacement:
213 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
214 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
215 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
216 IEC 60398:2015, Industrial electroheating installations – General test methods
217 IEC 60519-1, Safety in electroheating installations – Part 1: General requirements
218 IEC 60519-4, Safety in electroheating installations – Part 4: Particular requirements for arc
219 furnace installations
220 ISO 13578, Industrial furnaces, and associated processing equipment: Safety requirements for
221 machinery and equipment for production of steel by electric arc furnaces
222 3 Terms and definitions and abbreviated terms
223 3.1 Terms and definitions
224 For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in IEC 60398:2015 and the
225 following apply.
226 NOTE 1 Refer to International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, IEC 60050, for general definitions. Terms relating to
227 industrial electro heat are defined in IEC 60050-841.
228 NOTE 2 The terms and definitions refer to EAF and/or LF where applicable.
229 3.1.101
230 active power
231 P
232 under periodic conditions, mean value, taken over one period T of the instantaneous power p
T
1
233
P= p dt
∫
T
0
234 Note 1 to entry: Under sinusoidal conditions, the active power is the real part of the complex power S,
235 thus P = Re (S).
236 Note 2 to entry: The coherent SI unit for active power is Watt, W.
237 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-131:2002, 131-11-42]
238 3.1.102
239 apparent power
240 S
241 power rating of the furnace transformer, energizing the EAF or LF (in MVA)
S= 3 UI
242 (for three-phase system)
243 where
U is the voltage, r.m.s., sinusoidal value [in kV]
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I is the current, r.m.s. sinusoidal value [in kA]
244 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-131:2002, 131-11-41, modified – more precise]
245 3.1.103
246 arc furnace
247 furnace with a vessel, in which metal or other charged conducting material is heated mainly by
248 electric arc or joule effect using alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC)
249 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-26-05, modified – more precise]
250 3.1.104
251 arcing time
252 actual current flow time during power-on time (in min).
253 Note 1 to entry: Arcing time represents a high percentage of power on time
254 3.1.105
255 asymmetry factor
256 K
257 difference between maximum and minimum impedance of any phase, divided by the mean
258 impedance of all three phases (in %)
259 Note 1 to entry: Not applicable for EAF DC.
260 Note 2 to entry: The reactance’s are decisive for the unsymmetry for EAF AC
261 3.1.106
262 furnace transformer
263 transformer changing high voltage electrical supply to a lower voltage and higher current
264 for an arc furnace process
265 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-26-55, modified – more precise]
266 3.1.107
267 capacity (of EAF)
268 volume of liquid material, which can be produced in the EAF during one heat (in t)
269 Note 1 to entry: Whether metric or short tons according to pre-requisites.
270 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-21-40, modified – more precise]
271 3.1.108
272 cold state (of EAF)
273 thermal state of EAF installation when the temperature of all parts equals the ambient
274 temperature
275 3.1.109
276 clean bus
277 high voltage bus system which supplies the auxiliary equipment (e.g., motor control center,
278 control system) where the network distortions are considered to be lower than in the dirty bus
279 system
280 3.1.110
281 DC reactor (smoothing choke)
282 inductor smoothing electrical high frequency fluctuations in EAF DC, due to changes in arc
283 conditions
284 Note 1 to entry: In case multiple rectifiers are coupled in the system, inductors can decrease the fluctuations as
285 well.
286 3.1.111
287 dirty bus
288 high voltage bus system which supplies the furnace transformer and contains the network
289 distortions from the process (e.g., flicker, harmonics)
290 Note 1 to entry: Distortion values on the dirty bus can exceed the limits of power quality of the grid.
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291 3.1.112
292 disconnector
293 grounding switch
294 motor operated non load switch providing visible safety distance and connection to ground
295 installed between the furnace switchgear and the furnace transformer
296 3.1.113
297 electric arc furnace using alternating current EAF AC
298 furnace, in which electric arcs between the electrodes and conducting material are formed,
299 using alternating current
300 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-26-07 modified – more precise]
301 3.1.114
302 electric arc furnace using direct current EAF DC
303 furnace, in which the direct current is conducted via bottom electrode(s) (anode) to the
304 material to be processed, forming arcs between the material and the electrode(s) from top
305 (cathode)
306 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-26-06, modified – more precise]
307 3.1.115
308 electrode (EAF)
309 part produced from high density graphite to transfer the electrical energy forming arcs between
310 tip and charge material
311 Note 1 to entry: In EAF DC, a bottom electrode (anode) is metallic or conductive material in the bottom of an EAF
312 and arcs are formed between the charge material and the graphite electrode from top (cathode).
313 Note 2 to entry: In EAF AC electrodes are typically named as electrode A, electrode B, electrode C or electrode 1,
314 electrode 2, electrode 3.
315 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-26-38, modified – more precise]
316 3.1.116
317 furnace shell
318 vessel of arc furnace made from metal (currently: steel) and covered by a roof
319 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-26-20, modified – more precise]
320 3.1.117
321 furnace switchgear
322 high-voltage switchgear connecting the furnace transformer to the electrical supply providing
323 switching on/off under load
324 3.1.118
325 heat melt
326 liquid material which is tapped after one process batch from an EAF into a ladle
327 Note 1 to entry One heat produced during one process cycle.
328 3.1.119
329 high current system
330 assembly of conductors to carry the high current between furnace transformer secondary
331 bushings and electrode(s) of an EAF
332 Note 1 to entry: It consists of the bus bar system, cables and either a current tube system or current conducting
333 electrode arm to the electrodes.
334 [SOURCE: IEC 60050-841:2004, 841-26-54, modified – more precise]
335 3.1.120
336 hot state (of EAF)
337 thermal state of an EAF in which the li
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