Animal and vegetable fats and oils -- Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids

Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale -- Préparation des esters méthyliques d'acides gras

Rastlinske in živalske maščobe in olja - Priprava metil estrov maščobnih kislin

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Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-May-1995
Withdrawal Date
31-Jan-2001
Current Stage
9900 - Withdrawal (Adopted Project)
Start Date
01-Feb-2001
Due Date
01-Feb-2001
Completion Date
01-Feb-2001

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 5509
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATION.ME~YHAPO~HAR OPrAHM3Al&lR IlO CTAHAAPTM3ALU ’WWORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Preparation of methyl
esters of fatty acids
Corps gras d ’origines animale et v&g&ale - Prgpara tion des esters m&h yligues d ‘acides gras
First edition - 1978-10-15
Corrected and reprinted -
Ref. No. IS0 5509-1978 (E)
UDC 664.3 : 661.73
fats, animal fats, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, fatty acids, methyl ester, test specimens.
Descriptors :
Price based on 6 pages

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
FOREWORD
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
of national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing
International Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every
member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set
up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International
Standards by the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 5509 was developed by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 34, Agricultural food products, and was circulated to the member bodies
in July 1976.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Poland
Australia Hungary
I ran
Austria Romania
Canada Israel South Africa, Rep. of
Chile Korea, Rep. of Spain
Czechoslovakia Mexico Thai land
Ethiopia Netherlands Turkey
France New Zealand United Kingdom
Peru
Germany, F. R. Yugoslavia
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
@ International Organization for Standardization, 1978 l
Printed in Switzerland

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
-- - --_~
,
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 55094978 (E)
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Preparation of methyl
esters of fatty acids
1 SCOPE more carbon atoms, from neutral oils and fats (acid value
less than 2), principally for analysis by gas-liquid chromato-
This International Standard specifies methods of preparing
graphy l
the methyl esters of fatty acids.
The methyl esters so produced can be used in the various
analytical procedures requiring such derivatives, for example
3 REFERENCE
gas-liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography,
infrared spectrophotometry, etc.
ISO/R 661, Crude vegetable oils and fats - Preparation of
con tract sample for analysis.
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
2.1 The methods specified in clauses 4 and 5 are applicable
4 GENERAL METHOD USING BORON TRIFLUORIDE
to the preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids with 6 or
more carbon atoms, from all types of animal and vegetable
WARNING - Boron trifluoride is poisonous. For this
fats, oils and fatty acids. In the presence of fatty acids
reason, it is not recommended that the analyst prepare the
with 6 or 8 carbon atoms, and in the case of preparing
methanolic solution of boron trifluoride from methanol
methyl esters for gas-liquid chromatography, it is essential
and boron trifluoride (see 8.3).
that the solvent should not be removed from the solution
of methyl esters.
The methods described involve the use of potentially
hazardous reagents. Normal precautions should be taken
The general method using boron trifluoride (clause 4) is
for eye protection and for protection from the dangers of
to be preferred for most oils and fats, but may lead to
corrosive chemical burns.
erroneous results in the following cases :
-
4.1 Principle
compounds having secondary oxygen groupings
(hydroxy-, hydroperoxy-, keto-, epoxy-);
Saponification of the glycerides, and esterification of the
-
compounds containing cyclopropane- and cyclo- liberated fatty acids in the presence of boron trifluoride.
propene- groups;
4.2 Reagents
-
conjugated polyunsaturated compounds and
acetylenic compounds;
Unless stated otherwise, all reagents and solvents shall be of
analytical quality, and the water shall be distilled water or
- waxes.
water of equivalent quality.
For these it is preferable to use one of the methods de-
scribed in clause 5. Nevertheless, if the fatty matter contains methanolic solution, approxi-
4.2.1 Sodium hydroxide,
such compounds only in very small amount (for example
mately 0,5 N.
cottonseed oil), it may be esterified according to the
Dissolve 2 g of sodium hydroxide in 100 ml of methanol
general method in clause 4.
containing not more than 0,5 % (m/m) of water. If the
See also 8.1.
solution has to be stored for a considerable time, a small
amount of white precipitate of sodium carbonate may be
2.2 The special method described in clause 6 is applicable formed; this has no effect on the preparation of the methyl
to the preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids with 4 or esters.
1

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 55094978 (E)
appropriate size of flask (4.3.1) and the quantities of
4.2.2 Boron trifluoride, methanolic solution, 12 % to
the reagents and solvent may be selected according to the
15 % (m/m) ‘) (see 8.2).
following table :
4.2.3 Heptane, of chromatographic quality (see 8.2
and 8.4).
NaOH
BF3
Flask Heptane
Test portion solution solution
(4.3.1) (4.2.3)
(4.2.1) (4.2.2)
42.4 Light petroleum, redistilled (boiling range 40
to 60 “C), bromine value less than 1, residue-free, or
ml ml ml ml
w
hexane (see 8.2).
100 to 250 50
4 5 lto 3
4.2.5 Sodium sulphate, anhydrous.
250 to
500 50 6 7 2to 5
4.2.6
Sodium chloride, saturated aqueous solution.
500 to 750 100 8 9 4to 8
4.2.7 Methyl red, 1 g/l solution in 60 % (V/V) ethanol.
750 to 1 000 100 10 12
7tolO
4.2.8 Nitrogen, having an oxygen content less than 5 mg/kg.
If the methyl esters are intended for an analysis by gas-
liquid chromatography, a test portion of about 350 mg is
4.3 Apparatus
to be preferred (see 8.5). If it is smaller, care should be
taken to ensure that the sample is representative.
Usual laboratory equipment, and in particular :
4.3.1
Flask, 50 ml or 100 ml, with ground neck.
4.3.2 Reflux condenser, 20 to 30 cm effective length,
4.4.3 Saponification (see 8.1)
with ground joint to fit the flask (4.3.1).
4.4.3.1 GENERAL CASE OF FATS AND OILS
4.3.3 Boiling aid, fat-free.
Introduce the test portion into the appropriate flask (see
4.4.2). Add the appropriate amount (see 4.4.2) of the
4.3.4 Graduated pipette, capacity at least 10 ml and
methanolic sodium hydroxide solution (4.2.1) and a boiling
fitted with a rubber bulb; or an automatic pipette.
aid (4.3.3). Fit the condenser (4.3.2) to the flask.
4.3.5 Inlet tube for nitrogen.
NOTE - In the presence of fatty acids containing more than two
double bonds it is recommended that the air in the methanolic
solution and in the flask be removed by bubbling nitrogen (4.2.8)
4.3.6 Test tube with ground neck and fitted with a ground
through the solution for a few minutes and maintaining a current of
glass stopper.
nitrogen into the upper part of the condenser during the following
saponification.
4.3.7 Separating funnels, 250 ml.
Boil under reflux until the droplets of fat disappear (this
usually takes 5 to 10 min, but in certain exceptional cases
4.4 Procedure
it may take longer) (see 8.7). Add the appropriate amount
(see 4.4.2) of the methanolic boron trifluoride solution
Because of the toxic character of boron trifluoride, the
(4.2.2) from the graduated pipette or automatic pip-
following operations are best performed under a ventilated
ette (4.3.4) through the top of the condenser to the boiling
hood. It is essential to wash all glassware with water .
liquid. Proceed in accordance with 4.4.4.
immediately after use.
4.4.1 Preparation of the test sample
The test sample shall be dry and clear. Proceed therefore in
4.4.3.2 SPECIAL CASE OF FATTY ACIDS
accordance with ISO/R 661, but heat the sample to just
above the melting point.
If the sample consists entirely of fatty acids, the saponifi-
cation step is not necessary.
4.4.2 Test portion
Introduce the test portion into the appropriate flask
Precise weighing is not normally necessary (see 8.8). The (see 4.4.2). Add the appropriate amount (see 4.4.2) of
size of the test portion is only required in order that the the methanolic boron trifluoride solution (4.2.2) from the
1) 14 and 50 % solutions are available commercially.
2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
IS0 55094978 (E)
graduated pipette or automatic pipette (4.3.4). Fit the 5.1.2.2 Potassium hydroxide, methanolic solution, ap-
condenser (4.3.2) to the flask and bring to the boil. proximately 1 N.
Dissolve 5,6 g of potassium hydroxide in 100 ml of
4.4.4 Preparation of the methyl esters
methanol (5.1.2.1).
4.4.4.1 Continue boiling for 2 min.
5.1.2.3 Heptane, of chromatographic quality (see 8.2
and 8.4).
4.4.4.2 Add the appropriate amount (see 4.4.2) of the
heptane (4.2.3) (see 8.4) to the boiling mixture through
5.1.2.4 Sodium sulphate, anhydrous.
the top of the condenser (the precise amount does not
affect the reaction), and continue boiling for 1 min.
5.1.2.5 Nitrogen, having an oxygen content less than
Stop heating, cool to room temperature and then remove 5 mgkg.
the condenser. Add a small portion of the saturated sodium
chloride solution (4.2.6) and swirl the flask gently several
5.1.3 Apparatus
times.
Usual laboratory equipment, and in particular :
to the flask
Add more saturated sodium ch loride solution
orde r to bring the level of liqui d into the neck of the flask
5.1.3.1 High-speed stirrer and appropriate means of
heating (for example a magnetic stirrer equipped with a
4.4.4.3 Transfer about 1 ml of the upper layer (heptane
heater).
solution) into a test tube (4.3.6) and add anhydrous sodium
sulphate (4.2.5) to remove any traces of water.
5.1.3.2 Flask, 100 ml, with ground neck.
This solution will contain about 100 mg/mI of methyl
esters and may be injected directly into the column for gas-
5.1.3.3 Inlet tube for nitrogen.
liquid chromatography (see 7.1).
5.1.3.4 Reflux condenser, with ground joint to fit the
4.4.4.4 If it is required that the whole of the dry esters
flask (5.1.3.2).
should be recovered, transfer the saline solution and the
heptane layer to a 250 ml separating funnel (4.3.7).
5.1.3.5 Boiling aids, fat-free.
Separate the layers. Retain the heptane solution. Extract
the saline solution twice with 50 ml portions of light
5.1.3.6 Separating funnels, 250 ml.
petroleum or hexane (4.2.4).
Combine the heptane solution and the two extracts, and
5.1.3.7 Conical flask, 50 ml, with narrow neck.
wash them with 20 ml portions of water until free from
acid, using the methyl red solution (4.2.7) as indicator.
5.1.4 Procedure
Dry over anhydrous sodium sulphate (4.2.5), filter and
evaporate the solvent on a water bath under a stream
5.1.4.1 PREPARATION OF THE TEST SAMPLE
of nitrogen (4.2.8) (see 8.6). For test portions less than
500 mg, it is preferable to reduce proportionately the
The test sample shall be dry and clear. Proceed therefore in
volumes of solvent and water.
accordance with ISO/R 661, but heat the sample to just
above the melting point.
5 ALTERNATIVE METHODS NOT INVOLVING THE
5.1.4.2 TEST PORTION
USE OF BORON TRIFLUORIDE
Weigh approximately 4 g of the test sample (see 8.5).
5.1 Method applicable to neutral fats and oils (acid value
less than 2)
5.1.4.3 PREPARATION OF THE METHYL ESTERS
(see 8.1)
5.1 .I Principle
Introduce the test portion into the flask (5.1.3.2). Add
Methanolysis of the glycerides in an alkaline medium.
about 40 ml of the methanol (5.1.2.1), 0,5 ml of the
methanolic potassium hydroxide solution (5.1.2.2) and a
5.1.2 Reagents boiling aid (5.1.3.5). Fit the condenser (5.1.3.4) to the
flask.
Unless stated otherwise, all reagents and solvents shall be of
analytical quality, and the water shall be distilled water or NOTE - In the presence of fatty acids containing more than two
double bonds, it is recommended that the air in the methanolic
water of equivalent quality.
solution and in the flask be removed by bubbling nitrogen (5.1.2.5)
through the solution for a few minutes and maintaining a current
5.1.2.1 Methanol, containing not more than 0,5 % (m/m)
of nitrogen into the upper part of the condenser during the follow-
ing saponification.
of water.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
IS0 55094978 (E)
5.2.2.5 Methyl red, 1 g/l solution in 60 % (V/V) ethanol.
Bring to the boil. The solution should become clear. The
reaction is normally complete after 5 to 10 min (see 8.7).
5.2.2.6 Nitrogen, having an oxygen content less than
Cool the flask under running water, and transfer the
5 mgkg.
contents to a separating funnel (5.1.3.6).
Rinse the flask into the separating funnel with 20 ml of the
heptane (5.1.2.3) (see 8.4). Add about 40 ml of water,
5.2.3 Apparatus
shake and allow to separate. The esters pass into the upper
heptane layer. Draw off the aqueous layer into a second
Usual laboratory equipment, and in particular :
separating funnel and extract it ag
...

NORME INTERNATIONALE 5509
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION.MEmYHA~ILHAR OPrAHH3AUHR Il0 CTAHILAmH3AUHH.ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Ls Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale - Préparation des
esters méthyliques d'acides gras
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids
Première édition - 1978-10-15
Réf. no : IS0 5509-1978 (FI
CDU 664.3 : 661.73
DacripMin : corps gras, corps gras animal, corps gras végétal, huile vbWale, acide gras, ester méthylique, spécimen d'essai.
Prix basé sur 6 pages

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
AVANT-PROPOS
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale
d'organismes nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de I'ISO). L'élaboration
des Normes internationales est confiée aux comités techniques de I'ISO. Chaque
comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partiedu comité technique
correspondant. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec I'ISO, participent également aux travaux.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont
soumis aux comités membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme
Normes internationales par le Conseil de I'ISO.
La Norme internationale IS0 5509 a été élaborée par le comité technique
ISO/TC 34, Produits agricoles alimentaires, et a été soumise aux comités membres
en juillet 1976.
Les comités membres des pays suivants l'ont approuvée :
Afrique du Sud, Rép. d' É th iopie Pérou
France Pologne
Allemagne, R.F.
Hongrie Roumanie
Australie
Autriche I ran Royaume-Uni
Tchécoslovaquie
Canada Israël
Chili Mexique Th aï I a nde
Corée, Rép. de Nouvelle-Zélande Turquie
Yougoslavie
Espagne Pays-Bas
Aucun comité membre ne l'a désapprouvée.
O Organisation internationale de normalisation, 1978 0
Imprimé en Suisse

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE IS0 5509-1978 (F)
Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale - Préparation des
esters méthyliques d'acides gras
1 OBJET
2.2 La méthode particulière décrite au chapitre 6 est appli-
cable à la préparation des esters méthyliques des acides gras
La présente Norme internationale spécifie des méthodes de
à 4 atomes de carbone, ou plus, à partir des corps gras
préparation des esters méthyliques d'acides gras.
neutres (indice d'acide inférieur à 2), principalement en vue
de l'analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse.
Les esters méthyliques ainsi obtenus peuvent être utilisés
dans diverses méthodes d'analyse exigeant une telle trans-
t.
3 RÉFÉRENCE
formation, par exemple chromatographie en phase gazeuse,
chromatographie en couche mince, spectrophotométrie
ISO/R 661, Matières grasses végétales brutes - Préparation
infra-rouge, etc.
de l'échantillon pour laboratoire en vue de l'analyse.
4 MÉTHODE GÉNÉRALE UTILISANT LE
TRIFLUORURE DE BORE
2 DOMAINE D'APPLICATION
AVERTISSEMENT - Le trifluorure de bore est un
2.1 Les méthodes spécifiées dans les chapitres 4 et 5 sont
composé toxique. C'est pourquoi il n'est pas conseillé à
applicables à la préparation des esters méthyliques des
l'analyste de préparer lui-même cette solution à partir du
acides gras ayant 6 atomes de carbone ou plus, à partir
trifluorure de bore et de méthanol (voir 8.3).
de tous les types de corps gras et d'acides gras d'origines
animale et végétale. En présence d'acides gras à 6 OU 8 Les méthodes décrites nécessitent l'utilisation de réactifs
atomes de carbone et, dans le cas de la préparation des pouvant présenter un danger. Les précautions habituelles
esters méthyliques en vue de la chromatographie en phase doivent être prises pour la protection des yeux et contre
gazeuse, il est essentiel que le solvant ne soit pas éliminé de les risques de brûlures chimiques.
la solution des esters méthyliques.
4.1 Principe
La méthode générale utilisant le trifluorure de bore (cha-
Saponification des glycérides, puis estérification des acides
pitre 4) doit être utilisée de préférence pour la plupart
gras libérés en présence de trifluorure de bore.
L/ des corps gras, mais peut fournir des résultats erronés dans
les cas suivants :
4.2 Réactifs
- composés à fonctions oxygénées secondaires
(hydroxy, hydroperoxy, céto, époxy); Sauf indication contraire, les réactifs doivent être de qua-
lité analytique et l'eau utilisée doit être de l'eau distillée
- composés à fonction cyclopropanique et composés à
ou de qualité équivalente.
fonction cyclopropénique;
4.2.1 Hydroxyde de sodium, solution méthanolique
- composés polyinsaturés conjugués et composés
environ 0.5 N.
acétyléniques;
Dissoudre 29 d'hydroxyde de sodium dans 100ml de
- cires.
méthanol ne contenant pas plus de 0.5 % (rnlrn) d'eau.
Lorsque la solution doit être utilisée durant une période
Pour ces produits, il est préférable d'utiliser l'une des
de temps assez longue, un peu de carbonate de sodium se
méthodes décrites au chapitre 5. Toutefois, les corps gras
forme (précipité blanc); celui-ci n'a aucune influence sur
contenant de telles fonctions en très faibles proportions
la préparation des esters méthyliques.
(huile de coton par exemple) peuvent être estérifiés selon
la méthode générale du chapitre 4.
4.2.2 Trifluorure de bore, solution méthanolique de 12
Voir aussi 8.1. à 15 % (m/m)l) (voir 8.2).
1) Des solutions à 14 et 50 %existent dans le commerce.
1

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
IS0 5509-1978 (FI
et les quantités de réactif et de solvant selon le tableau
4.2.3 Heptane, pour chromatographie (voir 8.2 et 8.4).
suivant :
4.2.4 Éther de pétrole, redistillé (intervalle d'ébullition 40
à 60 OC), indice de brome inférieur a 1, exempt de résidu,
Solution Solution
ou hexane (voir 8.2). Prised'esai 1 2;; I NaOH 1 deBF3 1
I (4.2.1) (4.2.2)
I
I I I I
t I t
4.2.5 Sulfate de sodium, anhydre.
4.2.6 Chlorure de sodium, solution aqueuse saturée.
100à 250 50 4
250à 500 50 6
4.2.7 Rouge de méthyle, solution éthanolique a 1 g/1 dans
à 60 % (V/V).
l'éthanol
500à 750 1 O0 8
4.2.8 Azote, contenant moins de 5 mglkg d'oxygène.
750 à 1 O00 1 O0 10
Dans le cas où les esters méthyliques sont destinés à I'ana-
lyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse, la prise d'essai
W
4.3 Appareillage
doit être de préférence d'environ 350 mg (voir 8.5). Si elle
Matériel courant de laboratoire, et notamment est plus faible, il y a lieu de prendre des précautions pour
que l'échantillon prélevé soit représentatif.
4.3.1 Ballons à fond rond, de 50 ou de 1 O0 ml, à col rodé.
4.3.2 Réfrigérant droit, à reflux, de 20 à 30cm de lon-
4.4.3 Saponification (voir 8.1 )
gueur, avec rodage adaptable sur le ballon (4.3.1 1.
4.4.3.1 CAS GENÉRAL DES CORPS GRAS
4.3.3 Régularisateur d'ébullition, exempt de matières
grasses. Introduire la prise d'essai dans le ballon approprié (voir
4.4.2). Ajouter la quantité indiquée (voir 4.4.2) de la
4.3.4 Pipette graduée, d'une capacité au moins égale solution méthanolique d'hydroxyde de sodium (4.2.1)
à 1 O ml et munie d'une poire pour pipette; ou pipette auto- et un régularisateur d'ébullition (4.3.3). Adapter le réfri-
matique. gérant (4.3.2) sur le ballon.
NOTE - En présence d'acides gras contenant plus de deux doubles
4.3.5 Tubulure, pour barbotage d'azote.
liaisons, il est recommande d'éliminer l'air contenu dans la solution
(4.2.8) dans la
methanolique et le ballon par un barbotage d'azote
solution pendant quelques minutes et en maintenant un courant
4.3.6 Tube à essais, muni d'un rodage et d'un bouchon
d'azote dans la partie supérieure du réfrigérant pendant la saponi-
rodé en verre, adapté.
fi cation.
U
Porter à l'ébullition à reflux jusqu'à disparition des goutte-
4.3.7 Ampoules à décanter de 250 ml.
lettes de matière grasse (cette opération dure en général 5
à IOmin, mais, dans certains cas exceptionnels, peut
demander plus de temps) (voir 8.7). Dans le mélange main-
tenu à l'ébullition, ajouter la quantité prescrite (voir 4.4.2)
4.4 Mode opératoire
de la solution méthanolique de trifluorure de bore (4.2.2)
par le haut du réfrigérant en utilisant la pipette graduée
Par suite des propriétés toxiques du trifluorure de bore, les
munie d'une poire ou la pipette automatique (4.3.4). Pro-
opérations suivantes seront de préférence effectuées sous
céder ensuite comme indiqué en 4.4.4.
une hotte ventilée. Toute la verrerie doit être lavée à l'eau
immédiatement après emploi.
4.4.1 Préparation de l'échantillon pour essai
4.4.3.2 CAS PARTICULIER DES ACIDES GRAS
L'échantillon pour essai doit être sec et limpide. En consé-
Si l'échantillon est constitué uniquement d'acides gras, la
quence, opérer selon I'ISO/R 661, mais en chauffant
saponification n'est pas nécessaire.
l'échantillon juste au-dessus de son point de fusion.
Introduire la quantité voulue d'acides gras dans le ballon
approprié (4.4.2). Ajouter la quantité prescrite (voir 4.4.2)
4.4.2 Prise d'essai
de la solution méthanolique de trifluorure de bore (4.2.2)
en utilisant la pipette graduée munie d'une poire ou la
Une pesée précise n'est pas normalement nécessaire
(voir 8.8). L'importance de la prise d'essai a seulement pipette automatique (4.3.4). Adapter le réfrigérant (4.3.2)
besoin d'être connue pour choisir la taille du ballon (4.3.1) sur le ballon et porter à l'ébullition.
2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
IS0 5509-1978 (F)
4.4.4 Préparation des esters méthyliques
5.1.2.2 Hydroxyde de potassium, solution méthanolique
environ 1 N.
4.4.4.1 Poursuivre l'ébullition durant 2 min.
Dissoudre 5,6 g d'hydroxyde de potassium dans 100 ml de
méthanol (5.1.2.1).
4.4.4.2 Ajouter au mélange bouillant la quantité prescrite
(voir 4.4.2) d'heptane (4.2.3) (voir 8.4) par le haut du réfri-
5.1.2.3 Heptane, pour chromatographie (voir 8.2 et 8.4).
(la quantité exacte d'heptane n'a aucune influence
gérant
la réaction) et poursuivre l'ébullition durant 1 min.
sur
5.1.2.4 Sulfate de sodium, anhydre.
Arrêter le chauffage, laisser refroidir a température ambiante,
puis débrancher le réfrigérant. Ajouter un peu de solution
5.1.2.5 Azote, contenant moins de 5 mg/kg d'oxygène.
saturée de chlorure de sodium (4.2.6) et agiter doucement
le ballon plusieurs fois par rotation.
5.1.3 Appareillage
Continuer a ajouter de la solution saturée de chlorure de
Matériel courant de laboratoire, et notamment :
sodium pour amener la hauteur du liquide au niveau du col
du ballon.
5.1.3.1 Agitateur permettant une agitation rapide, et dis-
positif de chauffage approprié (par exemple agitateur
4.4.4.3 Transférer environ 1 ml de la couche supérieure
magnétique chauffant).
(solution heptanique) dans un tube a essais (4.3.6) et ajou-
ter un peu du sulfate de sodium anhydre (4.2.5) pour
éliminer les traces d'eau. 5.1.3.2 Fiole de 100 ml, à col rodé.
La solution obtenue contient environ 100 mg/ml d'esters
5.1.3.3 Tubulure pour barbotage d'azote.
méthyliques et peut être injectée directement dans la
colonne de chromatographie en phase gazeuse (voir 7.1).
5.1.3.4 Réfrigérant à reflux, muni d'un joint rodé s'adap-
tant sur la fiole (5.1.3.2).
4.4.4.4
Si l'on veut obtenir la totalité des esters à l'état
sec, transférer la solution saline et la phase heptanique dans
5.1.3.5 Régularisateur d'ébullition, exempt de matières
une ampoule à décanter de 250 ml (4.3.7). Décanter.
grasses.
Recueillir la phase heptanique et extraire la solution saline
deux fois avec des fractions de 50 ml d'éther de pétrole ou
5.1.3.6 Ampoules à décanter, de 250 ml.
d'hexane (4.2.4).
Réunir la phase heptanique et les deux extraits, et les laver
5.1.3.7 Fiole conique de 50 ml, à ouverture étroite.
avec des portions de 20ml d'eau jusqu'à disparition de
l'acidité, contrôlée avec, comme indicateur, le rouge de
5.1.4 Mode opératoire
méthyle (4.2.7). Sécher au moyen de sulfate de sodium
anhydre, filtrer et évaporer le solvant sur un bain d'eau
5.1.4.1 PREPARATION DE L'ÉCHANTILLON POUR
bouillante sous courant d'azote (4.2.8). Pour des prises
ESSAI
'w d'essai inférieures à 500 mg, il est préférable de réduire
les volumes de solvant et d'eau.
proportionnellement
L'échantillon pour essai doit être sec et limpide. En consé-
quence, opérer selon I'ISO/R 661, mais en chauffant
l'échantillon juste au-dessus de son point de fusion.
5 MÉTHODES DE REMPLACEMENT N'UTILISANT
5.1.4.2 PRISE D'ESSAI
PAS LE TRIFLUORURE DE BORE
Peser environ 4 g de l'échantillon pour essai (voir 8.5).
5.1 Méthode applicable aux corps gras neutres (indice
d'acide inférieur à 2)
5.1.4.3 PRÉPARATION DES ESTERS METHY LIQUES
(voir 8.1)
5.1.1 Principe
Introduire la prise d'essai dans la fiole (5.1.3.2). Ajouter
Méthanolyse des glycérides en milieu alcalin.
environ 40 ml de méthanol (5.1.2.1 ), 0.5 ml de la solution
méthanolique d'hydroxyde de potassium (5.1.2.2) et le
5.1.2 Réactifs
régularisateur d'ébullition (5.1.3.5). Adapter le réfrigérant
a reflux (5.1.3.4) à la fiole.
Sauf indication contraire, les réactifs doivent être de qualité
analytique et l'eau utilisée doit être de l'eau distillée ou de
NOTE - En présence d'acides gras contenant plus de deux doubles
liaisons, il est recommandé d'éliminer l'air contenu dans la solution
qualité équivalente.
méthanolique et le ballon de barbotage d'azote (5.1.2.5) dans la
solution durant quelques minutes, et en maintenant un courant
5.1.2.1 Méthanol, ne contenant pas plus de 0,5 % (m/m)
d'azote dans la partie supérieure du réfrigérant pendant la saponi-
fication.
d'eau.
3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
IS0 5509-1978 (F)
5.2.2.4 Sulfate de sodium, anhydre.
Porter à l'ébullition. La solution doit devenir limpide. La
réaction est normalement terminée au bout de 5 à 10 min
(voir 8.7).
5.2.2.5 Rouge de méthyle, solution à 1 g/I dans l'éthanol
à 60 % (V/V).
Refroidir la fiole sous courant d'eau, et transvaser le
contenu de la fiole
...

SLOVENSKI SIST ISO 5509
prva izdaja
STANDARD
junij 1995
Rastlinske in `ivalske ma{~obe in olja - Priprava metil estrov
ma{~obnih kislin (prevzet standard ISO 5509:1978 z metodo platnice)
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Preparation of methyl esters of fatty
acids
Corps gras d'origines animale et végétale - Préparation des esters
méthyliques d'acides gras
Deskriptorji: ma{~obe, `ivalske ma{~obe, rastlinske ma{~obe, rastlinska olja, ma{~obne
kisline, metil ester, preskusni vzorci
Referen~na {tevilka
ICS 67.200.10 SIST ISO 5509:1995 (en)
Nadaljevanje na straneh od II do III in 1 do 6
© Standard je zalo`il in izdal Urad Republike Slovenije za standardizacijo in meroslovje pri Ministrstvu za znanost in tehnologijo.
Razmno`evanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5509 : 1995
UVOD
Standard SIST ISO 5509, Rastlinske in `ivalske ma{~obe in olja - Priprava metil estrov
ma{~obnih kislin, prva izdaja, 1995, ima status slovenskega standarda in je z metodo
platnice prevzet mednarodni standard ISO 5509, Animal and vegetable fats and oils -
Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids, first edition, 1978-10-15.
PREDGOVOR
Mednarodni standard ISO 5509:1978 je pripravil tehni~ni odbor Mednarodne organizacije za
standardizacijo ISO/TC 34 Kmetijski pridelki in `ivilski proizvodi.
Odlo~itev za prevzem tega standarda po metodi platnice je sprejela delovna skupina WG 2
Oljnice ter rastlinske in `ivalske ma{~obe in olja v okviru tehni~nega odbora USM/TC
Kmetijski pridelki in `ivilski proizvodi.
Ta slovenski standard je dne 1995-06-16 odobril direktor USM.
ZVEZA S STANDARDI
Ta standard skupaj z naslednjimi slovenskimi standardi, prevzetimi mednarodnimi standardi
ISO, ureja kontrolo kakovosti oljnic ter rastlinskih in `ivalskih ma{~ob in olj:
SIST ISO 542 (en) Oljnice - Vzor~enje
SIST ISO 658 (en) Oljnice - Dolo~anje vsebnosti ne~isto~
SIST ISO 659 (en) Oljnice - Dolo~anje heksanskega (ali petroleterskega)
ekstrakta, imenovanega "vsebnost olja"
SIST ISO 661 (en) Rastlinske in `ivalske ma{~obe in olja - Priprava preskusnega
vzorca
SIST ISO 664 (en) Oljnice - Zmanj{anje laboratorijskega vzorca na preskusni
vzorec
SIST ISO 665 (en) Oljnice - Dolo~anje vsebnosti vlage in hlapnih snovi
SIST ISO 729 (en) Oljnice - Dolo~anje kislosti olja
SIST ISO 5508 (en) Rastlinske in `ivalske ma{~obe in olja - Dolo~anje sestave
ma{~obnih kislin z metodo plinske kromatografije
SIST ISO 5555 (en) Rastlinske in `ivalske ma{~obe in olja - Vzor~enje
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
- Prevzem standarda ISO 5509:1978.
- Ta slovenski standard pokriva podro~je JUS E.K8.038:90.
OPOMBI
- Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz "mednarodni standard", to pomeni
v SIST ISO 5509:1995 "slovenski standard".
- Uvod in predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
II

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 5509 : 1995
Po mnenju Ministrstva za informiranje Republike Slovenije z dne 18. februarja 1992, {tev. 23/96-92, spada ta publikacija med
proizvode informativne narave iz 13. to~ke tarifne {tevilke 3, za katere se pla~uje 5-odstotni prometni davek.
III

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 5509
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATION.ME~YHAPO~HAR OPrAHM3Al&lR IlO CTAHAAPTM3ALU ’WWORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Preparation of methyl
esters of fatty acids
Corps gras d ’origines animale et v&g&ale - Prgpara tion des esters m&h yligues d ‘acides gras
First edition - 1978-10-15
Corrected and reprinted -
Ref. No. IS0 5509-1978 (E)
UDC 664.3 : 661.73
fats, animal fats, vegetable fats, vegetable oils, fatty acids, methyl ester, test specimens.
Descriptors :
Price based on 6 pages

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

FOREWORD
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation
of national standards institutes (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing
International Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every
member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set
up has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated
to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International
Standards by the IS0 Council.
International Standard IS0 5509 was developed by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 34, Agricultural food products, and was circulated to the member bodies
in July 1976.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Poland
Australia Hungary
I ran
Austria Romania
Canada Israel South Africa, Rep. of
Chile Korea, Rep. of Spain
Czechoslovakia Mexico Thai land
Ethiopia Netherlands Turkey
France New Zealand United Kingdom
Peru
Germany, F. R. Yugoslavia
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
@ International Organization for Standardization, 1978 l
Printed in Switzerland

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

-- - --_~
,
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IS0 55094978 (E)
Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Preparation of methyl
esters of fatty acids
1 SCOPE more carbon atoms, from neutral oils and fats (acid value
less than 2), principally for analysis by gas-liquid chromato-
This International Standard specifies methods of preparing
graphy l
the methyl esters of fatty acids.
The methyl esters so produced can be used in the various
analytical procedures requiring such derivatives, for example
3 REFERENCE
gas-liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography,
infrared spectrophotometry, etc.
ISO/R 661, Crude vegetable oils and fats - Preparation of
con tract sample for analysis.
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
2.1 The methods specified in clauses 4 and 5 are applicable
4 GENERAL METHOD USING BORON TRIFLUORIDE
to the preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids with 6 or
more carbon atoms, from all types of animal and vegetable
WARNING - Boron trifluoride is poisonous. For this
fats, oils and fatty acids. In the presence of fatty acids
reason, it is not recommended that the analyst prepare the
with 6 or 8 carbon atoms, and in the case of preparing
methanolic solution of boron trifluoride from methanol
methyl esters for gas-liquid chromatography, it is essential
and boron trifluoride (see 8.3).
that the solvent should not be removed from the solution
of methyl esters.
The methods described involve the use of potentially
hazardous reagents. Normal precautions should be taken
The general method using boron trifluoride (clause 4) is
for eye protection and for protection from the dangers of
to be preferred for most oils and fats, but may lead to
corrosive chemical burns.
erroneous results in the following cases :
-
4.1 Principle
compounds having secondary oxygen groupings
(hydroxy-, hydroperoxy-, keto-, epoxy-);
Saponification of the glycerides, and esterification of the
-
compounds containing cyclopropane- and cyclo- liberated fatty acids in the presence of boron trifluoride.
propene- groups;
4.2 Reagents
-
conjugated polyunsaturated compounds and
acetylenic compounds;
Unless stated otherwise, all reagents and solvents shall be of
analytical quality, and the water shall be distilled water or
- waxes.
water of equivalent quality.
For these it is preferable to use one of the methods de-
scribed in clause 5. Nevertheless, if the fatty matter contains methanolic solution, approxi-
4.2.1 Sodium hydroxide,
such compounds only in very small amount (for example
mately 0,5 N.
cottonseed oil), it may be esterified according to the
Dissolve 2 g of sodium hydroxide in 100 ml of methanol
general method in clause 4.
containing not more than 0,5 % (m/m) of water. If the
See also 8.1.
solution has to be stored for a considerable time, a small
amount of white precipitate of sodium carbonate may be
2.2 The special method described in clause 6 is applicable formed; this has no effect on the preparation of the methyl
to the preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids with 4 or esters.
1

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

IS0 55094978 (E)
appropriate size of flask (4.3.1) and the quantities of
4.2.2 Boron trifluoride, methanolic solution, 12 % to
the reagents and solvent may be selected according to the
15 % (m/m) ‘) (see 8.2).
following table :
4.2.3 Heptane, of chromatographic quality (see 8.2
and 8.4).
NaOH
BF3
Flask Heptane
Test portion solution solution
(4.3.1) (4.2.3)
(4.2.1) (4.2.2)
42.4 Light petroleum, redistilled (boiling range 40
to 60 “C), bromine value less than 1, residue-free, or
ml ml ml ml
w
hexane (see 8.2).
100 to 250 50
4 5 lto 3
4.2.5 Sodium sulphate, anhydrous.
250 to
500 50 6 7 2to 5
4.2.6
Sodium chloride, saturated aqueous solution.
500 to 750 100 8 9 4to 8
4.2.7 Methyl red, 1 g/l solution in 60 % (V/V) ethanol.
750 to 1 000 100 10 12
7tolO
4.2.8 Nitrogen, having an oxygen content less than 5 mg/kg.
If the methyl esters are intended for an analysis by gas-
liquid chromatography, a test portion of about 350 mg is
4.3 Apparatus
to be preferred (see 8.5). If it is smaller, care should be
taken to ensure that the sample is representative.
Usual laboratory equipment, and in particular :
4.3.1
Flask, 50 ml or 100 ml, with ground neck.
4.3.2 Reflux condenser, 20 to 30 cm effective length,
4.4.3 Saponification (see 8.1)
with ground joint to fit the flask (4.3.1).
4.4.3.1 GENERAL CASE OF FATS AND OILS
4.3.3 Boiling aid, fat-free.
Introduce the test portion into the appropriate flask (see
4.4.2). Add the appropriate amount (see 4.4.2) of the
4.3.4 Graduated pipette, capacity at least 10 ml and
methanolic sodium hydroxide solution (4.2.1) and a boiling
fitted with a rubber bulb; or an automatic pipette.
aid (4.3.3). Fit the condenser (4.3.2) to the flask.
4.3.5 Inlet tube for nitrogen.
NOTE - In the presence of fatty acids containing more than two
double bonds it is recommended that the air in the methanolic
solution and in the flask be removed by bubbling nitrogen (4.2.8)
4.3.6 Test tube with ground neck and fitted with a ground
through the solution for a few minutes and maintaining a current of
glass stopper.
nitrogen into the upper part of the condenser during the following
saponification.
4.3.7 Separating funnels, 250 ml.
Boil under reflux until the droplets of fat disappear (this
usually takes 5 to 10 min, but in certain exceptional cases
4.4 Procedure
it may take longer) (see 8.7). Add the appropriate amount
(see 4.4.2) of the methanolic boron trifluoride solution
Because of the toxic character of boron trifluoride, the
(4.2.2) from the graduated pipette or automatic pip-
following operations are best performed under a ventilated
ette (4.3.4) through the top of the condenser to the boiling
hood. It is essential to wash all glassware with water .
liquid. Proceed in accordance with 4.4.4.
immediately after use.
4.4.1 Preparation of the test sample
The test sample shall be dry and clear. Proceed therefore in
4.4.3.2 SPECIAL CASE OF FATTY ACIDS
accordance with ISO/R 661, but heat the sample to just
above the melting point.
If the sample consists entirely of fatty acids, the saponifi-
cation step is not necessary.
4.4.2 Test portion
Introduce the test portion into the appropriate flask
Precise weighing is not normally necessary (see 8.8). The (see 4.4.2). Add the appropriate amount (see 4.4.2) of
size of the test portion is only required in order that the the methanolic boron trifluoride solution (4.2.2) from the
1) 14 and 50 % solutions are available commercially.
2

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

IS0 55094978 (E)
graduated pipette or automatic pipette (4.3.4). Fit the 5.1.2.2 Potassium hydroxide, methanolic solution, ap-
condenser (4.3.2) to the flask and bring to the boil. proximately 1 N.
Dissolve 5,6 g of potassium hydroxide in 100 ml of
4.4.4 Preparation of the methyl esters
methanol (5.1.2.1).
4.4.4.1 Continue boiling for 2 min.
5.1.2.3 Heptane, of chromatographic quality (see 8.2
and 8.4).
4.4.4.2 Add the appropriate amount (see 4.4.2) of the
heptane (4.2.3) (see 8.4) to the boiling mixture through
5.1.2.4 Sodium sulphate, anhydrous.
the top of the condenser (the precise amount does not
affect the reaction), and continue boiling for 1 min.
5.1.2.5 Nitrogen, having an oxygen content less than
Stop heating, cool to room temperature and then remove 5 mgkg.
the condenser. Add a small portion of the saturated sodium
chloride solution (4.2.6) and swirl the flask gently several
5.1.3 Apparatus
times.
Usual laboratory equipment, and in particular :
to the flask
Add more saturated sodium ch loride solution
orde r to bring the level of liqui d into the neck of the flask
5.1.3.1 High-speed stirrer and appropriate means of
heating (for example a magnetic stirrer equipped with a
4.4.4.3 Transfer about 1 ml of the upper layer (heptane
heater).
solution) into a test tube (4.3.6) and add anhydrous sodium
sulphate (4.2.5) to remove any traces of water.
5.1.3.2 Flask, 100 ml, with ground neck.
This solution will contain about 100 mg/mI of methyl
esters and may be injected directly into the column for gas-
5.1.3.3 Inlet tube for nitrogen.
liquid chromatography (see 7.1).
5.1.3.4 Reflux condenser, with ground joint to fit the
4.4.4.4 If it is required that the whole of the dry esters
flask (5.1.3.2).
should be recovered, transfer the saline solution and the
heptane layer to a 250 ml separating funnel (4.3.7).
5.1.3.5 Boiling aids, fat-free.
Separate the layers. Retain the heptane solution. Extract
the saline solution twice with 50 ml portions of light
5.1.3.6 Separating funnels, 250 ml.
petroleum or hexane (4.2.4).
Combine the heptane solution and the two extracts, and
5.1.3.7 Conical flask, 50 ml, with narrow neck.
wash them with 20 ml portions of water until free from
acid, using the methyl red solution (4.2.7) as indicator.
5.1.4 Procedure
Dry over anhydrous sodium sulphate (4.2.5), filter and
evaporate the solvent on a water bath under a stream
5.1.4.1 PREPARATION OF THE TEST SAMPLE
of nitrogen (4.2.8) (see 8.6). For test portions less than
500 mg, it is preferable to reduce proportionately the
The test sample shall be dry and clear. Proceed therefore in
volumes of solvent and water.
accordance with ISO/R 661, but heat the sample to just
above the melting point.
5 ALTERNATIVE METHODS NOT INVOLVING THE
5.1.4.2 TEST PORTION
USE OF BORON TRIFLUORIDE
Weigh approximately 4 g of the test sample (see 8.5).
5.1 Method applicable to neutral fats and oils (acid value
less than 2)
5.1.4.3 PREPARATION OF THE METHYL ESTERS
(see 8.1)
5.1 .I Principle
Introduce the test
...

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