oSIST prEN 15346:2022
(Main)Plastics - Recycled plastics - Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates
Plastics - Recycled plastics - Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates
This document defines a method of specifying delivery conditions for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates.
It gives the most important characteristics and associated test methods for assessing of PVC recyclates intended for use in the production of semi-finished/finished products.
It is intended to support parties involved in the use of recycled PVC by mechanical recycling to agree on specifications for specific and generic applications.
This document does not cover the characterization of plastics wastes, which is covered by EN 15347, neither treaceability topics which are covered by EN 15343.
This document is applicable without prejudice to any existing legislation.
Kunststoffe - Kunststoff-Rezyklate - Charakterisierung von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-Rezyklaten
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren zum Festlegen der Liefereigenschaften von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-Rezyklaten fest.
Es gibt die wichtigsten Eigenschaften und die dazugehörigen Prüfverfahren für die Bewertung einer Einzelcharge von PVC-Rezyklaten an, die für die Produktion von Halbzeugen/Fertigprodukten vorgesehen sind.
Sie ist zur Unterstützung von (Vertrags)Partnern vorgesehen, die sich mit dem Einsatz von PVC Rezyklat bei mechanischem Recycling beschäftigen, um sich auf Spezifikationen für bestimmte oder allgemeine Anwendungen zu einigen.
Dieses Dokument behandelt weder die Charakterisierung von Kunststoffabfällen, die in EN 15347 thematisiert wird, noch Themen im Zusammenhang mit der Rückverfolgbarkeit, die in EN 15343 behandelt werden.
Dieses Dokument beeinträchtigt bei seiner Anwendung keinerlei geltende Vorschriften.
Plastiques - Plastiques recyclés - Caractérisation des recyclats de poly(chlorure de vinyle) (PVC)
Le présent document définit une méthode de spécification des conditions de livraison des recyclats de poly(chlorure de vinyle) (PVC).
Il donne les caractéristiques les plus importantes et les méthodes d’essai associées pour évaluer les recyclats de PVC destinés à être utilisés dans la production de produits semi-finis/finis.
Il est destiné à assister les parties concernées par l’utilisation de PVC par recyclage mécanique pour convenir de spécifications concernant des applications spécifiques ou générales.
Le présent document ne couvre pas la caractérisation des déchets de plastiques qui est couverte par l’EN 15347 ou les questions de traçabilité qui sont couvertes par l’EN 15343.
Le présent document est applicable sans préjudice de toute réglementation existante.
Polimerni materiali - Reciklirani polimerni materiali - Karakterizacija reciklatov polivinilklorida (PVC)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15346:2022
01-september-2022
Polimerni materiali - Reciklirani polimerni materiali - Karakterizacija reciklatov
polivinilklorida (PVC)
Plastics - Recycled plastics - Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates
Kunststoffe - Kunststoff-Rezyklate - Charakterisierung von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-
Rezyklaten
Plastiques - Plastiques recyclés - Caractérisation des recyclats de poly(chlorure de
vinyle) (PVC)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15346
ICS:
13.030.50 Recikliranje Recycling
83.080.20 Plastomeri Thermoplastic materials
oSIST prEN 15346:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 15346:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 15346
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2022
ICS 13.030.50; 83.080.20 Will supersede EN 15346:2014
English Version
Plastics - Recycled plastics - Characterization of poly(vinyl
chloride) (PVC) recyclates
Plastiques - Plastiques recyclés - Caractérisation des Kunststoffe - Kunststoff-Rezyklate - Charakterisierung
recyclats de poly(chlorure de vinyle) (PVC) von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-Rezyklaten
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 249.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15346:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
5 Characterization of PVC recyclates . 7
6 Quality assurance . 10
Annex A (normative) Determination of bulk density . 11
A.1 General . 11
A.2 Material . 12
A.3 Apparatus . 12
A.4 Preparation of test sample . 12
A.5 Procedure. 12
A.6 Expression of results . 12
A.7 Test report . 13
Annex B (normative) Determination of tetrahydrofuran insoluble impurities . 14
B.1 General . 14
B.2 Apparatus . 14
B.3 Reagent . 14
B.4 Procedure. 15
B.5 Expression of results . 15
B.6 Test report . 15
Annex C (normative) Size and distribution of particles contained in micronized recycled
PVC compounds by sieving . 17
C.1 General . 17
C.2 Reagents . 17
C.3 Apparatus . 17
C.4 Procedure. 18
C.5 Number of determinations . 18
C.6 Determination and expression of the results . 18
C.7 Test report . 20
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Annex D (normative) Size and distribution of recycled PVC crushes by sieving . 21
D.1 General . 21
D.2 Apparatus . 21
D.3 Procedure . 21
D.4 Number of determinations . 22
D.5 Determination and expression of the results . 22
D.6 Test report . 23
Annex E (normative) Fitness for processing of PVC recyclates by calendering . 24
E.1 General . 24
E.2 Apparatus . 24
E.3 Procedure . 24
Annex F (normative) Fitness for processing of PVC recyclates by extrusion . 26
F.1 General . 26
F.2 Apparatus . 26
F.3 Procedure . 26
Bibliography . 27
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European foreword
This document (prEN 15346:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”,
the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This document will supersede EN 15346:2014.
prEN 15346:2022 includes the following significant technical change with respect to EN 15346:2014:
— Clause 2 “Normative references” was updated;
— in Clause 3 “Terms and definitions” term 3.1 was removed;
— in Clause 5 Table 1 “Characterization of PVC recyclates” was revised;
— Annex A “Typical compositions of PVC compounds” was removed;
— Annex C “Size and distribution of particles contained in micronized recycled PVC compounds by
sieving” and Annex D “Size and distribution of recycled PVC crushes by sieving” were revised.
This document is one part of series of CEN publications on Plastics Recycling, which is structured as
follows:
— EN 15342, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterization of polystyrene (PS) recyclates
— EN 15343, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Plastics recycling traceability and assessment of conformity
and recycled content
— EN 15344, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterization of Polyethylene (PE) recyclates
— EN 15345, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterization of Polypropylene (PP) recyclates
— EN 15346, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates
— EN 15347, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterization of plastics wastes
— EN 15348, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
recyclates
— CEN/TR 15353, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Guidelines for the development of standards for
recycled plastics
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Introduction
Recycling of plastic waste by mechanical recycling is one type of material recovery process intended to
save resources (virgin raw materials, water, and energy), while minimizing harmful emissions into air,
water and soil as well as any impacts on human health. The environmental impact of recycling has to be
assessed over the whole life cycle of the recycling system (from the waste generation point to the
disposal of final residues). To ensure that recycling constitutes the best environmental option for
treating the available waste, some prerequisites should preferably be met:
— recycling scheme being contemplated should generate lower environmental impacts than
alternative recovery options;
— existing or potential market outlets should be identified that will secure a sustainable industrial
recycling operation;
— collection and sorting schemes should be properly designed to deliver recyclable plastics waste
fractions fitting reasonably well with the available recycling technologies and with the (changing)
needs of the identified market outlets, preferably at minimum costs to society.
This document has been produced in accordance with the guidance produced by CEN on Environmental
Aspects and in accordance with CEN/TR 15353.
NOTE CEN/TR 15353 considers the general environmental aspects which are specific to the recycling
process.
It is often impossible to trace back each individual product at the end user stage and to check whether
the product has been used correctly through its life. Consequently products are out of industrial control
for a period of time. It is possible that during this period contamination with other materials might
occur that could affect the product's suitability for recycling into the intended application.
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1 Scope
This document defines a method of specifying delivery conditions for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
recyclates.
It gives the most important characteristics and associated test methods for assessing of PVC recyclates
intended for use in the production of semi-finished/finished products.
It is intended to support parties involved in the use of recycled PVC by mechanical recycling to agree on
specifications for specific and generic applications.
This document does not cover the characterization of plastics wastes, which is covered by EN 15347,
neither treaceability topics which are covered by EN 15343.
This document is applicable without prejudice to any existing legislation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12099, Plastics piping systems — Polyethylene piping materials and components — Determination of
volatile content
CEN/TR 15353, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Guidelines for the development of standards for recycled
plastics
EN ISO 60, Plastics — Determination of apparent density of material that can be poured from a specific
funnel (ISO 60)
EN ISO 182-2, Plastics — Determination of the tendency of compounds and products based on vinyl
chloride homopolymers and copolymers to evolve hydrogen chloride and any other acidic products at
elevated temperatures — Part 2: pH method (ISO 182-2)
EN ISO 182-3, Plastics — Determination of the tendency of compounds and products based on vinyl
chloride homopolymers and copolymers to evolve hydrogen chloride and any other acidic products at
elevated temperatures — Part 3: Conductometric method (ISO 182-3)
EN ISO 182-4, Plastics — Determination of the tendency of compounds and products based on vinyl
chloride homopolymers and copolymers to evolve hydrogen chloride and any other acidic products at
elevated temperatures — Part 4: Potentiometric method (ISO 182-4)
EN ISO 306, Plastics — Thermoplastic materials — Determination of Vicat softening temperature (VST)
(ISO 306)
EN ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary (ISO 472)
EN ISO 527-1, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1)
EN ISO 527-2, Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and
extrusion plastics (ISO 527-2)
EN ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness by means of a durometer
(Shore hardness) (ISO 868)
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EN ISO 1183-1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1:
Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method (ISO 1183-1)
EN ISO 1269, Plastics — Homopolymer and copolymer resins of vinyl chloride — Determination of volatile
matter (including water) (ISO 1269)
EN ISO 3451-5, Plastics — Determination of ash — Part 5: Poly(vinyl chloride) (ISO 3451-5)
EN ISO 6186, Plastics — Determination of pourability (ISO 6186)
EN ISO/CIE 11664-4, Colorimetry — Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* colour space (ISO/CIE 11664-4)
ISO 182-1, Plastics — Determination of the tendency of compounds and products based on vinyl chloride
homopolymers and copolymers to evolve hydrogen chloride and any other acidic products at elevated
temperatures — Part 1: Congo red method
ISO 565, Test sieves — Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet — Nominal sizes
of openings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 472 and CEN/TR 15353
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviations related to recyclates are given in
EN ISO 1043-1.
5 Characterization of PVC recyclates
A single batch is the quantity of recyclate that has homogeneous characteristics within the specified
tolerances.
The characteristics of PVC recyclates, which shall be met for every batch of PVC recyclate are shown in
Table 1, and divided into two types:
a) required characteristics needed to characterize PVC recyclates in general, and required for all
recyclates;
b) optional characteristics needed to characterize PVC recyclates according to customer specifications
and applications.
These characteristics shall be assessed by using the test methods given in Table 1.
A certificate of analysis giving the test results for each batch of recyclates shall be provided by the
supplier to the purchaser upon request.
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Other tests may be carried out by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier and results
reported.
The purchaser may require some additional information on recyclate composition from the recycler in
order to facilitate the legal use of the recyclate.
Table 1 — Characterization of PVC recyclates
Characteristic Units Test method PVC-U PVC-P Comments
Non Micro Non Micro
micro nized microni nized
nized zed
** **
Bulk density kg/m Annex A or O M O M
3 ISO 60
Ash content % EN ISO 3451- O O O O Linked with filler and
5 Method A mineral content
e.g. natural colour, single,
Colour Visual O O O O
inspection or mixed
lab value
according to
EN ISO/CIE
11664-4 if a
specific colour
is required
Hardness EN ISO 868 - - M M For calendering stiffness
may be evaluated instead of
hardness. See Annex E.
Impurities % Annex B - O O O An alternative method
agreed by both parties may
also be used (for example
visual evaluation after
extrusion on strips)
Particle size g, % a M M An alternative method
Annex C
agreed by both parties may
b
Annex D also be used (for example
using a laser particle size
equipment)
Particle size g, % a - O - O An alternative method
Annex C
distribution agreed by both parties may
b
Annex D also be used (for example
using a laser particle size
equipment)
Shape Visual M M M M e.g. micronized material,
pellets, particles
Dry flow rate s EN ISO 6186 - O O O Recommended for
micronized materials or
small particle size
recyclates
Density kg/m EN ISO 1183- O O O O
3 1 Method A
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Characteristic Units Test method PVC-U PVC-P Comments
Fitness of Annex E O O O O An alternative method
processing of agreed by both parties may
Annex F O O O O
PVC recyclates also be used.
— by
calendaring
or
— by
extrusion
Residual % c O O O O Weight loss, 105 °C
EN 12099
humidity
Any alternative method
(e.g. halogen heated oven…)
may be used upon common
approval with the customer
through a specification
Tensile stress at MPa EN ISO 527-1 O O M O
yield
EN ISO 527-2
Tensile strain at % EN ISO 527-1 O O O O Elongation
break
EN ISO 527-2
Elasticity EN ISO 178 M * O O O
modulus
Thermal min ISO 182-1 O O O O Linked to stabilizer content
stability
EN ISO 182-2 Specify which is used.
EN ISO 182-3
EN ISO 182-4
Vicat softening °C EN ISO 306 M * O O O
temperature Method B50
Volatile content % EN ISO 1269 O O O O Linked to moisture content
Key
M/O: The characteristic is mandatory (M) or optional (O)
* required when the recycler is selling a compound ready to use
** e.g. pellets, flakes
Other tests may be carried out by an agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. The test results should
be reported.
a
Only applicable for micronized recycled PVC compounds.
b
Only applicable for recycled PVC crushes.
c
Although the scope of EN 12099 is limited, it is considered relevant.
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6 Quality assurance
In order that the purchaser of the recyclate can have confidence in the quality of the product, the
supplier shall maintain records of the quality control carried out, including incoming materials,
processes and finished products.
NOTE A quality management system certified to EN ISO 9001 [10] can be a suitable guarantee of consistent
recyclate quality but not the recycled content.
The specification and the standard deviation or range of values within and between batches of material
shall be agreed between the supplier and the purchaser.
Where a statement of recycled content, or the previous history of the material, is requested,
documentary evidence shall be provided. These records should be available to the purchaser on
request.
Where a recyclate has been produced via a melt process, the supplier may choose to state the level of
filtration applied during that process. This will determine the maximum size of any non-melting
contaminants present in the recyclate. The statement of filtration level shall include details of the filter.
Recyclates which have not passed through a melt process cannot be quantified in the same way, and the
supplier may state this.
Traceability shall be ensured according to EN 15343, that describes a qualified recycling process and
gives details of traceability and the assessment of recycled content.
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Annex A
(normative)
Determination of bulk density
A.1 General
This test method specifies a method of determining the bulk density, i.e. the mass per unit of volume, of
loose material (powder or granular material) that can be poured from a funnel of specific design.
When the method is applied to relatively coarse materials, rather variable results might be obtained,
owing to the error introduced when a straightedge blade is drawn across the top of the cylinder.
A knowledge of bulk density is of limited value in estimating the relative fluffiness or bulk of moulding
materials, unless their densities in the moulded condition are approximately the same.
It therefore gives a fairly good idea of stability of mixing, presence of humidity and stability between
batches (consistency).
Key
1 volume of approximately 2 500 ml, diameter of hole at base 55 mm ± 0,25 mm
2 inner height: 200 mm ± 0,2 mm, Inner diameter: 113 mm ± 0,2 mm, Volume: 2 000 ml
3 angle approximately 65°
4 diameter of hole approximately 60 mm
5 distance of 100 mm ± 0,5 mm
Figure A.1 — Typical apparatus for determining bulk density
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A.2 Material
Powder or granular material.
A.3 Apparatus
A.3.1 Balance, accurate to 0,1 g.
A.3.2 Measuring cylinder, smoothly finished inside, which shall be constructed of metal, of a capacity
of 2 000 ml (inner height 200 mm and inner diameter 113 mm).
A.3.3 Conical funnel, of the form and dimensions shown in Figure A.1, of a capacity of 2 500 ml,
internal diameter at base 55 mm, equipped with a metal trap plate for the lower orifice. Diameter of the
orifice in trap plate 60 mm.
A.4 Preparation of test sample
Mix the sample well before the test.
A.5 Procedure
A.5.1 Support the funnel (A.3.3) vertically with its lower orifice 100 mm above the measuring cylinder
(A.3.2) and coaxial with it. Mix the sample of the powder or granular material well before testing. With
the lower orifice of the funnel closed by means of the trap, place a quantity of 2 200 ml to 2 400 ml of
the sample material in the funnel.
A.5.2 Open the trap quickly and allow the sample to flow into the measuring cylinder.
When the measuring cylinder is full, draw a straightedge blade across the top of the measuring cylinder
to remove any excess of the sample. Weigh the contents of the measuring cylinder to the nearest 0,1 g,
using the balance (A.3.1).
A.5.3 Repeat procedure A.5.1 and A.5.2 to complete at least two determinations of the sample under
test.
A.6 Expression of results
The bulk density of the material under test is given, in grams per millilitre, by Formula (A.1):
m
(A.1)
V
where
M is the mass, in grams, of the contents of the measuring cylinder;
V is the volume, in millilitre, of the measuring cylinder.
Take as the result the arithmetic mean of the results of the determinations obtained by following the
procedure A.5.
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A.7 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) reference to this document (EN 15346:20xx);
b) all details necessary for complete identification of the material tested;
c) individual results determined following the procedure A.5 and the arithmetic mean of the results;
d) details of any deviation from the test method, as well as any incident which might have influenced
the results;
e) date of the test.
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Annex B
(normative)
Determination of tetrahydrofuran insoluble impurities
B.1 General
The determination of the amount of impurities in recycled PVC compounds, which are insoluble in
tetrahydrofuran (THF).
B.2 Apparatus
B.2.1 Weighing scales with a precision of ± 0,01 g.
B.2.2 Magnetic stirrer with an adjustable speed of 0 rpm to 1 200 rpm.
B.2.3 Triangular magnetic stirring bar.
B.2.4 Fume cupboard.
B.2.5 Beaker.
B.2.6 Conical Erlenmeyer flask with stopper and a venting tube.
B.2.7 Woven polyamide filter with mesh of 125 µm.
B.2.8 Pair of gloves.
B.2.9 Safety glasses.
B.2.10 Conical grid metal support for the filter.
B.2.11 Rinsing pipette.
B.2.12 Microscope.
B.3 Reagent
Tetrahydrofuran (THF), solvent.
WARNING — It is most important for safety reasons that personal protective clothing is used
when applying solvents to the test specimen. The use of solvents in regard to application of this
European Standard might be further controlled under National and/or regional legislation. In
particular, the used THF has to be collected, stored and sent to solvent recovery.
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B.4 Procedure
B.4.1 Take a test specimen of (50 ± 0,1) g of the recycled PVC sample to be tested with a 6 mm
maximum size from the sorting of sifted or crushed PVC. Record the actual mass of the test specimen,
M .
S
B.4.2 Put on gloves and safety glasses.
All operations shall be carried out in the fume cupboard.
B.4.3 Prepare an Erlenmeyer flask with 800 ml of THF, put in it the triangular magnet and start the
stirrer, adjusted to a speed of 500 rpm for 3 h and maintained at (23 ± 2) °C.
B.4.4 Pour the test specimen gradually into the Erlenmeyer flask in order to avoid clumping.
B.4
...
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