SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008

Environmental testing -- Part 2-31: Tests - Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for equipment-type specimens

This part of IEC 60068 deals with a test procedure for simulating the effects of rough handling shocks, primarily in equipment-type specimens, the effects of knocks, jolts and falls which may be received during repair work or rough handling in operational use. This procedure does not simulate the effects of impacts received during transportation as loosely constrained cargo. Where the effects of loose cargo transportation are to be assessed, test Ee: Bounce should be used. Also this procedure does not simulate the effects of shock applied to installed equipments. Where this effect is to be assessed refer to test Ea: Shock. Testing should only be specified for equipment likely to receive such rough handling, for example those of small to medium size and mass, and should only be applied to those faces and corners where there is a risk of such treatment being encountered. In general, equipment which is frequently handled and serviced (for example field equipment and unit spares) can be considered at risk, whereas equipment forming an integral part of a permanent installation would not normally be considered at risk and need not be tested. Testing may not be applicable to fragile unprotected equipment of irregular shape (for example aircraft nose radar) which, when removed from the installation would be contained in a handling frame or jig. It may however be applicable to these items of equipment when they are in their transit case or in their handling frame or jig. For equipment which stands only on one face (for example the normal base) the test is generally only applied to that face. Shock tests are performed on the specimen when fixed to the test machine. Drop and topple, free fall, repeated free fall and bounce tests are performed with the specimen free.

Umgebungseinflüsse - Teil 2-31: Prüfverfahren - Prüfung Ec: Schocks durch raue Handhabung, vornehmlich für Geräte

Essais d'environnement -- Partie 2-31: Essais -Essai Ec: Choc lié à des manutentions brutales, essai destiné en premier lieu aux matériels

La CEI 60068-2-31:2008 consiste en une procédure d'essai pour la simulation des effets de chocs lié à des manutentions brutales, principalement pour les spécimens tels que des matériels, les effets des coups, des heurts et des chutes qui peuvent être reçus au cours de réparations ou de manutentions brutales durant leur fonctionnement. Cette méthode ne simule pas les effets d'impacts reçus pendant le transport sans arrimage. Lorsqu'il est prévu d'évaluer les effets du transport sans arrimage il convient d'utiliser l'essai Ee: de rebondissement. Cette méthode ne simule donc pas les effets de chocs appliqués aux équipements installés. Lorsque il est prevu d'évaluer cet effet, se référer à l'essai Ea  de chocs. Il convient que cet essai ne soit normalement spécifié que pour les matériels susceptibles d'être ainsi manipulés, par exemple ceux dont la taille et la masse sont moyennes ou petites, et n'être appliqué qu'aux faces ou coins qui risquent de subir un tel traitement. En général, on peut considérer qu'un matériel qui est fréquemment manipulé et entretenu (par exemple, les matériels de servitude et les unités de rechange) court un tel risque, alors que l'on considérera qu'un matériel qui fait partie intégrante d'une installation fixe ne court normalement pas ce risque et n'a pas besoin d'être soumis à cet essai. Cet essai peut ne pas être applicable aux matériels fragiles et non protégés dont la forme est irrégulière (par exemple un radar frontal d'avion) qui, lorsqu'ils sont retirés de l'installation fixe, sont généralement placés dans un berceau ou un cadre de manutention. Il peut toutefois être applicable à ces matériels lorsqu'ils sont dans leur emballage de transport, ou dans leur berceau ou cadre de manutention. Pour les matériels qui ne tiennent dressés que sur une face (par exemple la base normale), on n'exécute généralement l'essai que sur cette seule face. On exécute les essais de chocs en fixant le spécimen à la machine d'essai. Les essais de chute et culbute, de chute libre, de chutes libres répétées et de rebondissement sont exécutés sur des spécimens non fixés. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition, publiée en 1969, et constitue une révision technique. Les modifications principales par rapport à l'édition précédente concernent l'introduction, aux endroits appropriés, des essais sur les emballages. Par ailleurs, la deuxième édition de la CEI 60068-2-32 (1975) a été incorporée dans cette nouvelle édition de la CEI 60068-2-31. A le statut d'une publication fondamentale de sécurité conformément au Guide 104 de la CEI

Okoljski preskusi - 2-31. del: Preskusi - Preskus Ec: Udari zaradi neustreznega ravnanja, predvsem za vzorčno opremo (IEC 60068-2-31:2008)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Oct-2008
• ICS: 19.040 - Environmental testing
• Technical Committee: I09 - Imaginarni 09
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 24-Sep-2008
• Due Date: 29-Nov-2008
• Completion Date: 08-Oct-2008
• Directive: 2014/32/EU - Directive 2014/32/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of measuring instruments
• Ref Project: EN 60068-2-31:2008 - Environmental testing - Part 2-31: Tests - Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for equipment-type specimens

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN 60068-2-32:2001 - Basic environmental testing procedures -- Part 2: Tests - Test Ed: Free fall
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Replaces: SIST EN 60068-2-31:2001 - Basic environmental testing procedures -- Part 2: Tests - Test Ec: Drop and topple, primarily for equipment-type specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Replaces: SIST EN 60068-2-31:2001 - Basic environmental testing procedures -- Part 2: Tests - Test Ec: Drop and topple, primarily for equipment-type specimens
• Effective Date: 29-Jan-2023
• Replaces: SIST EN 60068-2-32:2001 - Basic environmental testing procedures -- Part 2: Tests - Test Ed: Free fall
• Effective Date: 29-Jan-2023
• Replaces: SIST EN 60068-2-32:2001 - Basic environmental testing procedures -- Part 2: Tests - Test Ed: Free fall
• Effective Date: 07-Jun-2022
• Replaces: SIST EN 60068-2-31:2001 - Basic environmental testing procedures -- Part 2: Tests - Test Ec: Drop and topple, primarily for equipment-type specimens
• Effective Date: 07-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
01-november-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 60068-2-31:2001
SIST EN 60068-2-32:2001
2NROMVNLSUHVNXVLGHO3UHVNXVL3UHVNXV(F8GDUL]DUDGLQHXVWUH]QHJD
UDYQDQMDSUHGYVHP]DY]RUþQRRSUHPR,(&
Environmental testing -- Part 2-31: Tests - Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for
equipment-type specimens
Umgebungseinflüsse - Teil 2-31: Prüfverfahren - Prüfung Ec: Schocks durch raue
Handhabung, vornehmlich für Geräte
Essais d'environnement -- Partie 2-31: Essais -Essai Ec: Choc lié à des manutentions
brutales, essai destiné en premier lieu aux matériels
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60068-2-31:2008
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60068-2-31

NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2008
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

ICS 19.040 Supersedes EN 60068-2-31:1993 and EN 60068-2-32:1993


English version


Environmental testing -
Part 2-31: Tests -
Test Ec: Rough handling shocks,
primarily for equipment-type specimens
(IEC 60068-2-31:2008)


Essais d'environnement -  Umgebungseinflüsse -
Partie 2-31: Essais - Teil 2-31: Prüfverfahren -
Essai Ec: Choc lié à des Prüfung Ec: Schocks durch
manutentions brutales, raue Handhabung,
essai destiné en premier lieu vornehmlich für Geräte
aux matériels (IEC 60068-2-31:2008)
(CEI 60068-2-31:2008)




This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels


© 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60068-2-31:2008 E

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
EN 60068-2-31:2008 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 104/458/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60068-2-31, prepared by IEC TC 104,
Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel
vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60068-2-31 on 2008-07-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60068-2-31:1993 and EN 60068-2-32:1993.
The major changes with regard to EN 60068-2-31:1993 concern the introduction of soft packaging tests,
where appropriate. EN 60068-2-31:2008 now incorporates EN 60068-2-32:1993.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-04-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-07-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60068-2-31:2008 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
- 3 - EN 60068-2-31:2008
Annex ZA
(normative)

Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.

Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1)
IEC 60068-2-27 - Environmental testing - - -
Part 2-27: Tests - Test Ea and guidance:
Shock


IEC 60068-2-55 1987 Environmental testing - EN 60068-2-55 1993
Part 2: Tests - Test Ee and guidance: Bounce


1)
IEC Guide 104 - The preparation of safety publications and the - -
use of basic safety publications and group
safety publications


ISO 48 2007 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - - -
Determination of hardness (hardness between
10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)


ISO 4180-2 1980 Complete, filled transport packages - General EN 24180-2 1992
rules for the compilation of performance test
schedules -
Part 2: Quantitative data




1)
Undated reference.

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
IEC 60068-2-31
Edition 2.0 2008-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
BASIC SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION FONDAMENTALE DE SÉCURITÉ
Environmental testing –
Part 2-31: Tests – Test Ec: Rough handling shocks, primarily for equipment-type
specimens

Essais d'environnement –
Partie 2-31: Essais – Essai Ec: Choc lié à des manutentions brutales, essai
destiné en premier lieu aux matériels

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
P
CODE PRIX
ICS 19.040 ISBN 2-8318-9794-7

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
– 2 – 60068-2-31 © IEC:2008
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references .5
3 General description of test.6
4 Initial measurements .8
5 Testing .8
5.1 Drop and topple.8
5.1.1 Description .8
5.1.2 Test Facility.8
5.1.3 Testing procedures.8
5.2 Free fall – Procedure 1.9
5.2.1 Description .9
5.2.2 Test Facility.9
5.2.3 Test severity.9
5.2.4 Testing procedures.9
5.3 Free fall repeated – Procedure 2 .10
5.3.1 Description .10
5.3.2 Test facility.10
5.3.3 Test severity.10
5.3.4 Testing procedure.10
6 Final measurements .10
7 Information to be included in the relevant specification.11
7.1 Drop and topple test .11
7.2 Free fall and free fall repeated tests .11
8 Information to be given in the test report .11
Annex A (normative) Test apparatus for repeated free fall test – Procedure 2.13
Annex B (informative) Selection of test severities for free fall tests – Guidance .15

Figure 1 – Dropping on to a face.7
Figure 2 – Dropping on to a corner .7
Figure 3 – Topple (or push over).7
Figure A.1 – Rotating (or tumbling) barrel .14

Table 1 – Fall heights versus mass .9
Table B.1 – Examples of typical test severities .16

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
60068-2-31 © IEC:2008 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –

Part 2-31: Tests –
Test Ec: Rough handling shocks,
primarily for equipment-type specimens


FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60068-2-31 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104:
Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1969 and constitutes a
technical revision.
The major changes with regard to the previous edition concern the introduction of soft
packaging tests, where appropriate. This new edition of IEC 60068-2-31 now incorporates the
second edition of IEC 60068-2-32 (1975).
IEC 60068-2-32 will be withdrawn once this standard has been issued.

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
– 4 – 60068-2-31 © IEC:2008
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
104/458/FDIS 104/462/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60068 series, under the general title Environmental testing,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN 60068-2-31:2008
60068-2-31 © IEC:2008 – 5 –
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –

Part 2-31: Tests –
Test Ec: Rough handling shocks,
primarily for equipment-type specimens



1 Scope
This part of IEC 60068 deals with a test procedure for simulating the effects of rough handling
shocks, primarily in equipment-type specimens, the effects of knocks, jolts and falls which
may be received during repair work or rough handling in operational use.
This procedure does not simulate the effects of impacts received during transportation as
loosely constrained cargo. Where the effects of loose cargo transportation are to be
assessed, test Ee: Bounce should be used. Also this procedure does not simulate the effects
of shock applied to installed equipments. Where this effect is to be assessed refer to test Ea:
Shock.
Testing should only be specified for equipment likely to receive such rough handling, for
example those of small to medium size and mass, and should only be applied to those faces
and corners where there is a risk of such treatment being encountered.
In general, equipment which is frequently handled and serviced (for example field equipment
and unit spares) can be considered at risk, whereas equipment forming an integral part of a
permanent installation would not normally be considered at risk and need not be tested.
Testing may not be applicable to fragile unprotected equipment of irregular shape (for
example aircraft nose radar) which, when removed from the installation would be contained in
a handling frame or jig. It may however be applicable to these items of equipment when they
are in their transit case or in their handling frame or jig.
For equipment which stands only on one face (for example the normal base) the test is
generally only applied to that face.
Shock tests are performed on the specimen when fixed to the test machine. Drop and topple,
free fall, repeated free fall and bounce tests are performed with the specimen free.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing – Part 2-27: Tests – Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-55:1987, Environmental testing – Part 2-55: Tests – Test Ee and guidance:
Bounce
IEC Guide 104,The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety publications
and group safety publications
ISO 48:2007, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of hardness (hardness
between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)

----
...

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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
104/402/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJET DE COMITÉ POUR VOTE (CDV)
Project number IEC 60068-2-31 Ed. 2.0
Numéro de projet
IEC/TC or SC:
Secretariat / Secrétariat
104
CEI/CE ou SC:
Sweden


Submitted for parallel voting in Date of circulation Closing date for voting (Voting
CENELEC Date de diffusion mandatory for P-members)
Date de clôture du vote (Vote

2006-10-13
obligatoire pour les membres (P))
Soumis au vote parallèle au
CENELEC 2007-03-16
Also of interest to the following committees Supersedes document
Intéresse également les comités suivants Remplace le document
ISO TC 108 104/376/CD and 104/401/CC
Functions concerned
Fonctions concernées
Safety EMC Environment Quality assurance
Sécurité
CEM Environnement Assurance qualité
CE DOCUMENT EST TOUJOURS À L'ÉTUDE ET SUSCEPTIBLE DE THIS DOCUMENT IS STILL UNDER STUDY AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE. IT
MODIFICATION. IL NE PEUT SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE. SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES.
LES RÉCIPIENDAIRES DU PRÉSENT DOCUMENT SONT INVITÉS À RECIPIENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR
PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS, LA NOTIFICATION DES COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF
DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING
CONNAISSANCE ET À FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE. DOCUMENTATION.



Titre : CEI 60068-2-31 Ed. 2.0: Essais Title : IEC 60068-2-31, Ed.2.0: Environmental
testing – Part 2-31: Tests – Test Ec: Rough
d'environnement – Partie 2-31: Essais. Essai Ec:
Handling Shocks, primarily for equipment-type
Chute et culbute, essai destiné en premier lieu
specimens
aux matériels




Note d'introduction Introductory note
TC 104 MT 17 has in this document combined IEC 60068-
La version française sera diffusée ultérieurement.
2-31 and 60068-2-32 in line with a decision taken in
Lindenstruth Germany in 2003.
The convener and MT 17 have prepared the document for
circulation as CDV following the discussions at the last
meeting in Stockholm in June 2006.


ATTENTION ATTENTION
VOTE PARALLÈLE IEC – CENELEC
CEI – CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
L’attention des Comités nationaux de la CEI, membres du The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, est attirée sur le fait que ce projet de comité CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for
pour vote (CDV) de Norme internationale est soumis au Vote (CDV) for an International Standard is submitted for
vote parallèle. parallel voting.
Un bulletin de vote séparé pour le vote CENELEC leur sera A separate form for CENELEC voting will be sent to them by
envoyé par le Secrétariat Central du CENELEC. the CENELEC Central Secretariat.

Copyright © 2006 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is
permitted to download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole
purpose of preparing National Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or
printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without permission in
writing from IEC.
FORM CDV (IEC) 2005-09-23

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
60068-2-31 © IEC: (E) – 2 – 104/402/CDV
CONTENTS

Clause .Page
1 Scope.5
2 General Description.5
3 Normative references .6
4 Testing procedures.6
5 Testing .6
6 Final Measurements .7
7 Description of the test (drop and topple).7
8 Description of the test (free fall) .7
9 Information to be included in the relevant specification.8
10 Information to be given in the test report .9
Annex A (NORMATIVE) Test apparatus for repeated free fall Test Ed, proc. 2.11
Annex B Informative Guidance: Selection of test severities for free fall tests.13

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
60068-2-31 © IEC: (E) – 3 – 104/402/CDV
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –

Part 2: Tests – Test Ec: Rough Handling Shocks,
primarily for equipment-type specimens

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60068-2-31 Ed. 2.0 has been prepared by IEC technical committee
104: Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
1)
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.


)
1
The National Committees are requested to note that for this publication the maintenance result date is 2017

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60068-2-31 © IEC: (E) – 5 – 104/402/CDV
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2: Tests – Test Ec: Rough Handling Shocks,
primarily for equipment-type specimens
1 Scope
The purpose of the rough handling shocks is to simulate, primarily in equipment-type
specimens, the effects of knocks, jolts and falls which may be received during repair work or
rough handling in operational use.
Testing should only be specified for equipment likely to receive such rough handling, for
example those of small to medium size and mass, and should only be applied to those faces
and corners where there is a risk of such treatment being encountered.
In general, equipment which is frequently handled and serviced (for example field equipment
and unit spares) can be considered at risk, whereas equipment forming an integral part of a
permanent installation would not normally be considered at risk and need not be tested.
Testing may not be applicable to fragile unprotected equipment of irregular shape (for
example aircraft nose radar) which when removed from the installation would be contained in
a handling frame or jig. It may however be applicable to these items of equipment when they
are in their transit case, or in their handling frame or jig. For equipment which would stand
only on one face (for example the normal base) the test is generally only applied to that face.
2 General Description
2.1 Rough Handling Shocks
2.1.1 Rough handling shocks can be simulated by one or more of the following tests:
Drop and topple - a simple test intended to assess the effects of knocks or jolts likely to
be received primarily by equipment-type specimens during repair work
or rough handling on a table or bench.
Free fall proc. 1 - a simple test to assess the effects of falls likely to be experienced due
to rough handling. It is also suitable to demonstrate a degree of
robustness.
Free fall proc. 2 - additionally simulates repetitive shocks likely to be received by certain
component-type specimens, for example connectors in service.
The topple test need not be applied to specimens which have dimensions which make them
stable whilst being handled. Reference to clause 2.1.2 should be made for information on the
“c – g ratio” and “height ratio” to establish if the test is necessary.
The falling or topple actions produced by the test procedures given in clauses 7.1, 7.2, and
7.3 are illustrated by Figures 1, 2 and 3.
2.1.2 The drop and topple test includes three distinct procedures:
a) Dropping on to a face (clause 7.1).
b) Dropping on to an edge or a corner (clause 7.2).
c) Toppling (or pushover) (clause 7.3).
The purpose of each of these procedures is basically the same, but they represent different
kinds of handling.
The test is not intended to be a precise test and a tolerance of ±10 % is allowed on the
heights and angles prescribed in clause 7.
NOTE – For a more precise shock test, Test Ea: Shock (IEC 60068-2-27) should be used.
For specimens intended to withstand handling of the kind (topple) considered in this
recommendation, two dimensional ratios are important:

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a) The ratio of the height of the centre of gravity from the base, to the smaller
dimension of the base, hereinafter referred to as the c - g ratio.
b) The ratio of the height of the specimen to the smaller dimension of the base –
the height ratio.
If the c - g ratio is small, for example less than 0,25, the specimen is unlikely to fall over due
to sudden sideways displacements. If the height ratio is small, for example less than 0,5, the
specimen is unlikely to topple over due to a sudden sideways force or blow at the top. In such
cases the writer of the relevant specification should consider whether the topple test is
applicable.
3 Normative references
Test Ea: Shock simulates the effects of repetitive and non-
IEC 60068-2-27: *ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING – Part 2: Tests – Test Ea and guidance:
Shock

IEC 60068-2-55: 1987 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING – Part 2: Tests – Test Ee and guidance:
Bounce
ISO 48: 1994 Rubber, vulcanized or t
...