SIST EN 60068-1:2001
(Main)Environmental testing -- Part 1: General and guidance
Environmental testing -- Part 1: General and guidance
Enumerates a series of environmental tests and appropriate severities, and prescribes various atmospheric conditions for measurements for the ability of specimens to perform under normal conditions of transportation, storage and operational use.
Umweltprüfungen -- Teil 1: Allgemeines und Leitfaden
Essais d'environnement -- Partie 1: Généralités et guide
Comporte une série de méthodes d'essais d'environnement ainsi que leurs sévérités appropriées et prescrit différentes conditions atmosphériques pour les mesures et les essais, conçus pour garantir l'aptitude des spécimens à être utilisés dans des conditions prévisibles de transport, de stockage et d'utilisation opérationnelle sous toutes ses formes.
Environmental testing - Part 1: General and guidance
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60068-1:2001
01-september-2001
Environmental testing - Part 1: General and guidance
Environmental testing -- Part 1: General and guidance
Umweltprüfungen -- Teil 1: Allgemeines und Leitfaden
Essais d'environnement -- Partie 1: Généralités et guide
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60068-1:1994
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
SIST EN 60068-1:2001 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60068-1:2001
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SIST EN 60068-1:2001
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SIST EN 60068-1:2001
IEC 60068-1
Edition 6.0 1988
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Environmental testing –
Part 1: General and guidance
Essais d'environnement –
Partie 1: Généralités et guide
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
U
CODE PRIX
ICS 19.040
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SIST EN 60068-1:2001
68-1 O IEC
-3-
CONTENTS
Page
5
5
Clause
1 . Introduction .
2 . Scope .
3 . Object .
4 . Definitions .
5 . Standard atmospheric conditions .
.........................................................
6 . Use of methods of test
7 . Climatic sequence .
8 . Component climatic category .
9 .
Application of tests .
10 .
Significance of the numerical value of a quantity .
..........................................
APPENDIX A -- Component climatic category
...................................................
APPENDIX B -- General guidance .
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68-1 O IEC
-5-
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING
Part 1: General and guidance
FOREWORD
I) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters, prepared by Technical Committees on which all
the National Committees having a special interest therein are represented, express. as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the subjects dealt with.
2) They have the form of recommendations for international use and they are accepted by the National Committees in
that sense.
3) In order to promote international unification, the IEC expresses the wish that all National Committees should adopt
the text of the IEC recommendation for their national rules in so far as national conditions will permit. Any
divergence between the IEC recommendation and the corresponding national rules should, as far as possible, be
clearly indicated in the latter.
PREFACE
This standard has been prepared by IEC Technical Committee No. 50: Environmental
testing.
This sixth edition replaces the fifth edition of IEC Publication 68-1
(1982).
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
Two Months' Procedure Report on Voting
Six Months' Rule Reports on Voting
50(C0)206
50(CO) 198 50(C0)202 50(C0)204
50(C0)208
50(C0)205
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the Voting
Reports indicated in the above table.
The following IEC p~rblications are quoted in this standard:
Publications Nos. 50 (301, 302, 303) (1983): International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), Chapter 301: General
terms on measurements in electricity; Chapter 302: Electrical measuring
instruments; Chapter 303: Electronic measuring instruments. (Advance
edition.)
Environmental testing.
Part 2: Tests.
Test N: Change of temperature.
Test T: Soldering.
Test Ea and guidance: Shock.
Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidiry cyclic test.
Mounting of components, equipment and other articles for dynamic
tests including shock (Ea), bump (Eb), vibration (Fc and Fd) and
steady-state acceleration (Ga) and guidance.
Guidance on the application of the tests of IEC Publication 68 to
simulate the effects of storage.
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68-1 O IEC
68-3: Part 3: Background informalion.
68-3-1 (1974): Section One - Cold and dry heat tests.
68-3-IA (1978): First supplement.
Part 4: Information for specification writers - Test summaries.
68-4:
160 (1963): Standard atmospheric conditions for test purposes.
271 (1974): List of basic terms, definitions and related mathematics for reliability.
529 (1976): Classification of degrees of protection provided by enclosures.
695: Fire hazard testing.
721: Classification of environmental conditions.
Part 1: Classification of environmental parameters and their severities.
721-1 (1981):
721-2: Part 2: Environmental conditions appearing in nature.
721-3: Part 3: Classification of groups of environmental parameters and their
severities.
Guide 104 (1984): Guide to the drafting of safety standards, and the r6le of Committees
with safety pilot functions and safety group functions.
Other publications quoted:
Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing - Specifications.
IS0 Standard 554 (1976):
IS0 Standard 3205 (1976): Preferred test temperatures.
The contents of the comgendum of October 1988 has been included in this reprint
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SIST EN 60068-1:2001
68-1 O IEC
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING
Part 1: General and guidance
1. Introduction
1.1 IEC Publication 68 contains fundamental information on environmental testing procedures
and severities of tests. In addition, Part 1 contains information on atmospheric conditions
for measurement and testing.
It is intended to be used in those cases where a relevant specification for a certain
type of product (electrical, electromechanical and electronic equipment and devices, their
sub-assemblies and constituent parts and components), hereinafter referred to as
"specimen", has to be prepared, so as to achieve uniformity and reproducibility in the
environmental testing of this product.
Note. - Although primarily intended for electrotechnical products, many of the environmental testing procedures
in Part 2 of this publication are equally applicable to other industrial products.
The expression "environmental conditioning" or "environmental testing" covers the
natural and artificial environments to which specimens may be exposed so that an
assessment can be made of their performance under conditions of use, transport and
storage to which they may be subjected in practice.
The requirements for the performance of specimens subjected to environmental
conditioning are not covered by this publication. The relevant specification for the
specimen under test defines the allowed performance limits during and after
environmental testing.
When drafting a relevant specification or purchasing contract, only those tests should
be specified that are necessary for the relevant specimen taking into account the
technical and economic aspects.
I EC Publication 68 consists of:
a) this first Part (Publication 68-1) which deals with generalities;
Note. - Attention is drawn to Publication 68-2-48.
b) the second Part (Publication 68-2) published as separate booklets each dealing with a
family of tests or a particular test or guidance for their application;
Note. - Attention is drawn to Publication 68-2-47.
c) the third Part (Publication 68-3) published as separate booklets each dealing with
background information on a family of tests;
d) the fourth Part (Publication 68-4), giving information for specification writers,
published in two sections of which the second, in loose-leaf form, contains summaries
of all the current tests in Publication 68-2:
Note. - Fire hazard tests are separately published in IEC Publication 695.
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68-1 @ IEC - 11 -
1.2 The following historical survey gives the significant features of this and of the earlier
editions:
First edirion (1 954)
Contained not only the general part but also many of the individual tests which now
form part of the Publication 68-2 series.
Second edition (1 960)
Format changed to Publication 68-1: General. Tests published separately as Publication
68-2 series. Degrees of severity were included for all tests.
Third edition (1968)
Degrees of severity dropped, many more definitions included which were amended and
added to in Amendment No. l, December 1972, and component climatic category
introduced. The recovery clause (Sub-clause 5.4) was intended to apply to normal
applications so that ALL SPECIMENS would be submitted to rigidly controlled
conditions, unless otherwise specified. Supplement A was issued in December 1974 to
add further definitions of combined and composite tests and sequences of tests.
Fourth edition (1978)
Amendment No. l and Supplement A to the third edition were incorporated in this ,
edition and an amendment to standard recovery conditions, also including further
recovery conditions with wider tolerances on temperature and humidity, was added to the
original Sub-clause 5.4 of the third edition.
F$th edition (1982)
This edition comprised the text of the fourth edition with the addition of Clause 10:
Significance of the numerical value of a quantity, and of an appendix giving general
guidance on environmental testing.
Sixth edition (1 988)
This edition contains a largely editorial revision of the fifth edition, the technical
content of IEC Publication 160, which will be withdrawn, and technical amendments of
Clause 7 and Appendix A.
1.3 The families of tests comprising Part 2 of this publication are designated by the following
upper case letters:
A: Cold.
B: Dry heat.
C: Damp heat (steady state).
D: Damp heat (cyclic).
E: Impact (for example shock and bump).
F: Vibration.
G: Acceleration (steady state).
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H: Awaiting allocation (was originally allotted to "storage" tests for which see note in
Item a) of Sub-clause 1.1.
J: Mould growth.
K: Corrosive atmospheres (for example salt mist).
L: Dust and sand.
M: Air pressure (high or low).
N: Change of temperature.
P: Awaiting allocation (was originally allotted to "flammability" tests now being dealt
with as "fire hazard" tests in I EC Publication 695).
Q: Sealing (including panel sealing, container sealing and protection against ingress
and leakage of fluid).
R: Water (for example rain, dripping water).
S: Radiation (for example solar, but excluding electromagnetic).
T: Soldering (including resistance to heat from soldering).
U: Robustness of terminations (of components).
V: Awaiting allocation (was originally allocated to "acoustic noise" but "vibration,
acoustically induced" will now be Test Fg, one of the "vibration" family of tests).
W: Awaiting allocation.
Y: Awaiting allocation.
The letter X is used as a prefix together with a second upper case letter providing for
extension of the list of families of tests, e.g. Test XA: Immersion in cleaning solvents.
The letter Z is used to denote combined tests and composite tests as follows: Z is
followed by a solidus and a group of upper case letters relating to the combined or
composite stresses, for example Test Z/AM: Combined cold and low air pressure tests.
If appropriate, any test may be designated as "primarily intended for components" or
"primarily intended for equipment".
1.4 To provide for future expansion within a family of tests and to maintain consistency of
presentation, each family of tests may be subdivided. The subdivisions are identified by
the addition of a (lower case) second letter, for example:
U: Robustness of terminations and integral mounting devices
Test Ua: Subdivided as Test Ua,: Tensile and Test Ua,: Thrust
Test Ub: Bending
Test Uc: Torsion
Test Ud: Torque
This subdivision will be made even though only one test is published and no further
tests are immediately contemplated in the relevant family.
In order to avoid confusion with numbers, the letters i, I, o and 0 will not be used.
1.5 See editorial footnote.
Editorial note. - "Safety pilot functions" (see IEC Guide 104) have been allocated to Sub-Committee 50A for
"mechanical robustness" testing and to Sub-Committee 50B for "corrosion" testing.
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68-1 O IEC
2. Scope
Publication 68 includes a series of methods of environmental test and their appropriate
severities, and prescribes various atmospheric conditions for measurements and tests
designed to assess the ability of specimens to perform under expected conditions of
transportation, storage and all aspects of operational use.
Although primarily intended for electrotechnical products this publication is not
restricted to them and may be used in other fields where desired.
Other methods of environmental test, specific to the individual types of specimen, may
be included in the relevant specifications.
3. Object
The object of Publication 68 is to provide a series of uniform and reproducible
methods of environmental (primarily climatic and mechanical robustness) test, with
standard atmospheric conditions for measurements and tests, for those preparing
specifications and for those engaged in the testing of those products.
These methods of test have been based upon available international engineering
experience and judgement and are primarily designed to provide information on the
following properties of specimens:
a) The ability to operate within specified limits of temperature, pressure, humidity,
mechanical stress or other environmental conditions and certain combinations of these
conditions.
Nore. - IEC Publication 721-1 defines "environmental conditions", and environmental conditions occurring in
nature are classified in IEC Publications 721-2 and 721-3.
b) The ability to withstand conditions of transportation and storage.
The tests in this publication permit the comparison of the performance of sample
products. To assess the quality or useful life, as defined in Sub-clause 16.4 of IEC
Publication 271, of a given production lot, the methods of test should be applied in
accordance with a suitable sampling plan and may be supplemented by appropriate
additional tests if necessary.
To provide tests appropriate to the different intensities of an environmental condition,
some of the test procedures have a number of degrees of severity. These different
degrees of severity are obtained by varying the time, temperature, air pressure or some
other determining factor separately or in combination.
This standard should be used in conjunction with the relevant specification which will
define the tests to be used, the required degree of severity for each of them, their order,
if relevant, and the permissible performance limits.
4. Definitions
The tests covered by this publication may in themselves consist of a series of
operations in order to determine the effect of such a test, or series of tests, on a
specimen. The following terminology has been adopted for the purpose of this
publication.
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68-1 O IEC
4.1 Test
Complete series of operations implied by its title, normally comprising the following
operations, if required:
a) pre-conditioning;
b) initial examination and measurements;
c) conditioning;
d) recovery;
e) final examination and measurements.
Notes I. - Intermediate measurements may be required during conditioning and/or recovery.
2. - When the temperature and humidity for conditioning of a specimen for measurement (see Sub-clause
4.15) are the same as those prescribed for pre-conditioning, the pre-conditioning and conditioning may
be merged, and the pre-conditioning may be said to take the place of conditioning for measurement.
Treatment of a specimen with the object of removing or partly counteracting the
effects of its previous history.
Notes l. - Where pre-conditioning is called for, it is the first process in the test procedure.
2. - Pre-conditioning may be effected by subjecting the specimen to climatic, electrical, or any other
conditions required by the relevant specification in order that the properties of the specimen may be
stabilized before measurement and test.
4.1.2 Conditioning
Exposure of a specimen to environmental conditions in order to determine the effect
of such conditions on the specimen.
Note. - For the definition of "conditioning (of a specimen for measurement)" see Sub-clause 4.15.
4.1.3 Recovery
Treatment of a specimen, after conditioning, in order that the properties of the
specimen may be stabilized before measurement.
4.2 Specimen
Product designated to be tested in accordance with the procedures of Publication 68.
Note. - The term "specimen" includes any auxiliary parts or systems that are integral functional features of the
specimen, for example systems for cooling and heating.
4.3 Heat-dissipating specimen
Specimen with the hottest point on its surface, measured in free air conditions and
under the air pressure as specified in Sub-clause 5.3.1, more than 5 "C above the ambient
temperature of the surrounding atmosphere after thermal stability has been reached.
Note. - Measurements required to prove that a specimen can be regarded as non-heat-dissipating can be made
under standard atmospheric conditions for measurement and tests if care has been taken that no outside
influence (for example draughts or sunlight) affects the measurements. In the case of large or
complicated specimens, it may be necessary to make measurements at several points.
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68-1 O IEC
4.4 Free air conditions
Conditions within an infinite space where the movement of the air is affected only by
the heat-dissipating specimen, and the energy radiated by the specimen is absorbed.
Note. - Theoretically, this definition does not apply to the case where the heating of the specimen is by direct
radiation. In practice, however, the definition may be used also for this case.
4.5 Relevant speczfication
Set of requirements to be satisfied by a specimen, indicating the method(s) necessary
to determine whether the requirements given are satisfied.
4.6 Ambient temperature
Temperature of the air defined for the two following cases.
Note. - In applying these definitions, guidance should be sought from Publication 68-3-1 and its supplement
68-3-1 A.
4.6.1 Non-heat-dissipating specimens
Temperature of the air surrounding the specimen.
4.6.2 Heat-dissipating specimens
Temperature of the air in free air conditions at such a distance from the specimen
that the effect of the dissipation is negligible.
Note. - In practice, the ambient temperature is taken as the average of temperatures measured at a number of
points in a horizontal plane. situated between 0 mm and 50 mm below the specimen at half the
distance between the specimen and the wall of the chamber or at
1 m distance from the specimen,
whichever is less. Suitable precautions should be taken to avoid heat radiation affecting these
measurements.
4.7 Surface temperature (case temperature)
Temperature measured at one or more specified points on the surface of the specimen.
4.8 Thermal stability
State when the temperatures of all parts of the specimen are within 3 "C, or as other-
wise prescribed by the relevant specification, of their final temperature.
Notes l. - For non-heat-dissipating specimens, the final temperature will be the mean (in time) temperature of
the chamber in which the specimen is placed. For heat-dissipating specimens, it is necessary to make
repeated measurements to determine the interval of time for the temperature to change 3 "C, or as
otherwise prescribed by the relevant specification. Thermal stability has been reached when the ratio
between two consecutive time intervals exceeds 1.7.
2. - Where the thermal time constant of the specimen is short compared with the duration of the
exposure to a given temperature, no measurement is needed. Where the thermal time constant of the
specimen is of the same order as the duration of the exposure, checks should be made to ascertain:
a) that non-heatdissipating specimens are within the required limit of the mean (in time) ambient
temperature;
b) that for heat-dissipating specimens the ratio between two consecutive time intervals exceeds 1.7
when repeated measurements are made to determine the interval of time required for the
temperature to change by 3 "C, or as otherwise prescribed by the relevant specification.
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Publication 68-3-1 and its supplement 68-3-lA give background information on the testing of
specimens with and without heat-dissipation.
3. - In practice, it may not be possible to make direct measurements of the internal temperature of the
specimen. A check may then be made by measuring some other parameter which is
temperature-dependent and for which the temperature dependence is known.
4.9 Chamber
Enclosure or space in some part of which the specified conditions can be achieved.
4.9.1 Working space
Part of the chamber in which the specified conditions can be maintained within the
specified tolerances.
4.10 Combined test
Test in which two or more test environments act upon the specimen simultaneously.
Note. - Measurements are usually taken at the start and at the end of the test.
4.1 1 Composite test
Test in which specimen is exposed to two or more test environments in close
succession.
Notes I. - The intervals of time between the exposures to different test environments are defined precisely,
because they may have a significant effect on the specimen.
2. - Pre-conditioning, recovery or stabilization periods are usually not included between each exposure.
3. - Measurements are usually taken prior to the start of the first exposure and at the conclusion of the
last exposure.
4.12 Sequence of tests
Sequence in which the specimen is exposed successively to two or more test
environments.
Notes I. - The durations of intervals between the exposures to different test environments are such that they
normally have no significant effect on the specimen.
2. - Pre-conditioning and recovery periods are usually performed between the different exposures.
3. - Measurements are usually taken before and after each exposure, the final measurement of one test
being the initial measurement of the next.
4.13 Reference atmosphere
Atmosphere to which values measured under any other conditions are corrected by
calculation.
4.14 Referee measurements
Measurements repeated under closely controlled atmospheric conditions when the
correction factors to adjust atmospheric-condition sensitive parameters to their standard
reference atmosphere values are unknown, and measurements under the recommended
range of ambient atmospheric conditions are unsatisfactory.
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68-1 63 IEC
4.15 Conditioning (of a specimen for measurement)
Subjection of the specimen to an atmosphere of a specified relative humidity, or
complete immersion in water or other liquid, at a specified temperature for a specified
period of time.
Nofe. - According to circumstances, the space used for conditioning for measurement may be a whole laboratory
room in which the specified conditions are maintained within the prescribed tolerances, or a special
chamber.
5. Standard atmospheric conditions
The standard atmospheric conditions include those given in Clauses 4, 5 and 6
respectively of IEC Publication 160, which is to be withdrawn.
Standard reference atmosphere
5.1
- Temperature: 20 "C.
- Air pressure: 101.3 kPa (1 013 mbar).
Note. - No requirement -for relative humidity is given because correction by calculation is generally not possible.
If the parameters to be measured depend on temperature and/or pressure and the law
of dependence is known, the values shall be measured in the conditions specified in
Sub-clause 5.3 and, if necessary, be corrected by ,calculation to the standard reference
atmosphere above.
5.2 Standard atmospheres for referee measurements and tests
If the parameters to be measured depend on temperature, pressure and humidity and
the law of dependence is unknown, the atmospheres to be specified shall be selected
from the following:
Relative humidity ') Air pressure ')
Temperature
cc) W)
Nominal Close Wide Close Wide
k Pa mbar
range
value tolerance tolerance range
63 to 67 60 to 70 86 to 106 (860 to 1 060)
20 f l + 2
+ 1 + 2 48 to 52 45 to 55 86 to 106 (860 to 1 060)
23
86 to 106 (860 to 1 060)
25 + 1 f 2 48 to 52 45 to 55
f l + 2 63 to 67 60 to 70 86 to 106 (860 to 1060)
27
') Inclusive values.
Notes I. - The above values include those previously published in IEC Publications 160 and 68-1 (fifth edition)
and those given in IS0 Standards 554 and 3205.
2. - The value of 25 "C is included primarily because of its interest for the testing of semiconductor
devices and integrated circuits. (It does not appear in IS0 Standards 554 and 3205.)
3. - The close tolerances may be used for the referee measurements. The wider tolerances may be used
only when allowed by the relevant specification.
4. - The relative humidity may be disregarded when it has no influence on the test results.
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5.3 Standard atmospheric conditions for measurement and tests
5.3.1 The standard range of atmospheric conditions for carrying out measurements and tests is
as follows:
Relative humidity " 2, Air pressure ')
Temperature ')
15 "C to 35 "C 25 %to 75 % 86 kPa to 106 kPa
(860 mbar to 1 060 mbar)
') Absolute humidity 5 22 glm3
'1 Inclusive extreme values
Notes I. -Variations in temperature and humidity should be kept to a minimum during a series of
measurements carried out as a part of one test on one specimen.
2. - For large specimens or in test chambers where it is difficult to maintain the temperature within the
limits specified above, the range may be extended beyond these limits either down to 10 "C or up to
40 "C when allowed by the relevant specification.
5.3.2 Where the relevant specification recognizes that it is impracticable to carry out
measurements in these standard atmospheric conditions, a note stating the actual
conditions shall be added to the test report.
Note. - The relative humidity may be disregarded when it has no influence on the results of the test
5.4 Recovery conditions
After the conditioning period and before making the final measurements, the specimens
should be allowed to stabilize at the ambient temperature, the temperature at which the
measurements are to be made.
The "controlled recovery conditions" (see Sub-clause 5.4.1) shall be applied if the
electrical parameters to be measured are affected by absorbed humidity or surface
conditions of the specimens and change rapidly, for example if the insulation resistance
rises considerably within approximately 2 h after removal of the specimens from a
humidity chamber.
If the electrical parameters of the specimens affected by absorbed humidity or surface
conditions do not vary rapidly, recovery may be carried out in the conditions of
Sub-clause 5.3.
If recovery and measurements are performed in separate chambers, the combination of
temperature and humidity conditions shall be such that condensation on the surface of
the specimens does not occur when the specimen is transferred to the measurement
chamber.
Most test procedures of Publication 68-2 give the appropriate recovery conditions and
duration. These conditions apply unless otherwise prescribed by the relevant specification.
Note. - When testing to relevant specifications issued before 1978 and which thus still refer to the original
conditions (Publication 68-1 of 1968), it will be necessary to check whether recovery under standard
atmospheric conditions for measurement and test has a significant influence on test results and, if it
has, the controlled recovery conditions should be applied. These conditions apply especially after
humidity testing.
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SIST EN 60068-1:2001
Controlled recovery conditions (referred to as "standard recovery conditions" prior to the
5.4.1
fourth edition)
The controlled recovery conditions are as follows:
Temperature: actual laboratory temperature + 1 "C provided that it is within the
limits fixed in Sub-clause 5.3, that is between + 15 "C and + 35 "C.
Relative humidity: between 73 % and 77%.
Air pressure: between 86 kPa and 106 kPa (860 mbar and 1060 mbar).
Recovery period: to be stated in the relevant specification if different from that given
in the appropriate method of test of Publication 68-2.
If, for spec
...
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