SIST EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021
(Main)Environmental testing - Part 2-38: Tests - Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
Environmental testing - Part 2-38: Tests - Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
This part of IEC 60068 specifies a composite test procedure, primarily intended for component
type specimens, to determine, in an accelerated manner, the resistance of specimens to the
deteriorative effects of high temperature/humidity and cold conditions.
This test standard does not apply to specimens that are energized during the complete test.
Specimens can be energized during the constant phases of the tests. Measurements on
energized specimens are typically carried out during constant phases of the test unless
specified otherwise.
Umgebungseinflüsse - Teil 2-38: Prüfverfahren - Prüfung Z/AD: Zusammengesetzte Prüfung, Temperatur/Feuchte, zyklisch (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
Essais d'environnement - Partie 2-38: Essais - Essai Z/AD: Essai cyclique composite de température et d'humidité (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
IEC 60068-2-38:2021 est disponible sous forme de IEC 60068-2-38:2021 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
L'IEC 60068-2-38:2021 spécifie une procédure d'essai composite, essentiellement destinée aux spécimens de type composant, dans le but de déterminer d'une manière accélérée la résistance des spécimens aux effets destructifs dus à des séjours dans des conditions de température/d'humidité élevées, alternées avec des conditions de froid. La présente norme d'essai ne s'applique pas aux spécimens qui sont mis sous tension durant toute la durée de l'essai. Les spécimens peuvent être mis sous tension durant les phases constantes des essais. Les mesures réalisées sur des spécimens sous tension ont généralement lieu durant les phases constantes de l'essai, sauf spécification contraire. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2009. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente
- les figures ont été mises à jour;
- la formulation a été modifiée à des fins de clarification.
Okoljsko preskušanje - 2-38. del: Preskusi - Preskus Z/AD: Sestavljeni ciklični preskus s temperaturo in vlago (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021
01-julij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60068-2-38:2010
Okoljsko preskušanje - 2-38. del: Preskusi - Preskus Z/AD: Sestavljeni ciklični
preskus s temperaturo in vlago (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
Environmental testing - Part 2-38: Tests - Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity
cyclic test (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
Umgebungseinflüsse - Teil 2-38: Prüfverfahren - Prüfung Z/AD: Zusammengesetzte
Prüfung, Temperatur/Feuchte, zyklisch (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
Essais d'environnement - Partie 2-38: Essais - Essai Z/AD: Essai cyclique composite de
température et d'humidité (IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
SIST EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021
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SIST EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60068-2-38
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2021
ICS 19.040 Supersedes EN 60068-2-38:2009 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Environmental testing - Part 2-38: Tests - Test Z/AD: Composite
temperature/humidity cyclic test
(IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
Essais d'environnement - Partie 2-38: Essais - Essai Z/AD: Umgebungseinflüsse - Teil 2-38: Prüfverfahren - Prüfung
Essai cyclique composite de température et d'humidité Z/AD: Zusammengesetzte Prüfung, Temperatur/Feuchte,
(IEC 60068-2-38:2021) zyklisch
(IEC 60068-2-38:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-04-29. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021 E
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EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021 (E)
European foreword
The text of document 104/891/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60068-2-38, prepared by IEC/TC 104
"Environmental conditions, classification and methods of test" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC
parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2022-01-29
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2024-04-29
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60068-2-38:2009 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60068-2-38:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60068-2-30 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-30
IEC 60068-2-78 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-78
2
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EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021 (E)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60068-1 - Environmental testing - Part 1: General and EN 60068-1 -
guidance
IEC 60068-2-67 - Environmental testing - Part 2-67: Tests - EN 60068-2-67 -
Test Cy: Damp heat, steady state,
accelerated test primarily intended for
components
3
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SIST EN IEC 60068-2-38:2021
IEC 60068-2-38
®
Edition 3.0 2021-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Environmental testing –
Part 2-38: Tests – Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test
Essais d'environnement –
Partie 2-38: Essais – Essai Z/AD: Essai cyclique composite de température
et d'humidité
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 19.040 ISBN 978-2-8322-9586-1
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 General . 6
4.1 Description of the test . 6
4.2 Application of the test . 7
5 Description of test chamber . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Chamber for exposure to moisture . 8
5.3 Chamber for exposure to cold . 8
6 Severities . 9
7 Testing procedure . 9
7.1 Preconditioning . 9
7.2 Initial measurements . 10
7.3 Conditioning . 10
7.4 Test cycle . 13
7.4.1 Description of temperature/humidity subcycle . 13
7.4.2 Description of cold subcycle . 14
7.4.3 Description of 24 h cycles with no exposure to cold . 15
7.4.4 Description of final cycle . 15
7.4.5 Intermediate measurements. 15
7.5 Final measurements . 17
7.5.1 Introductory remarks . 17
7.5.2 At high humidity . 18
7.5.3 Immediately upon removal from the chamber . 18
7.5.4 After final drying . 18
8 Information to be given in the relevant specification . 18
9 Information to be given in the test report. 19
Annex A (informative) Supporting documentation for test sequence . 20
A.1 General . 20
A.2 Preconditioning . 20
A.3 Exposure to humidity followed by exposure to cold . 21
A.4 Exposure to humidity not followed by exposure to cold. 22
Bibliography . 23
Figure 1 – Preconditioning . 10
Figure 2 – Exposure to humidity followed by exposure to cold. 12
Figure 3 – Exposure to humidity not followed by exposure to cold . 13
Figure 4 – Test times for intermediate operation of specimen – Exposure to humidity
followed by exposure to cold . 16
Figure 5 – Test times for intermediate operation of specimen – Exposure to humidity
not followed by exposure to cold . 17
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Table A.1 – Relative humidity tolerances . 20
Table A.2 – Temperature tolerances . 20
Table A.3 – Tolerances of relative humidity and temperature during exposure to
humidity followed by exposure to cold . 21
Table A.4 – Tolerances of relative humidity and temperature during exposure to
humidity not followed by exposure to cold . 22
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-38: Tests –
Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60068-2-38 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 104: Environmental conditions,
classification and methods of test. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2009. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the figures have been updated;
b) changes to the wording has been made for clarification purposes.
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IEC 60068-2-38:2021 © IEC 2021 – 5 –
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
104/891/FDIS 104/896/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60068 series, published under the general title Environmental testing,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING –
Part 2-38: Tests –
Test Z/AD: Composite temperature/humidity cyclic test
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60068 specifies a composite test procedure, primarily intended for component
type specimens, to determine, in an accelerated manner, the resistance of specimens to the
deteriorative effects of high temperature/humidity and cold conditions.
This test standard does not apply to specimens that are energized during the complete test.
Specimens can be energized during the constant phases of the tests. Measurements on
energized specimens are typically carried out during constant phases of the test unless
specified otherwise.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-67, Environmental testing – Part 2-67: Tests – Test Cy: Damp heat, steady state,
accelerated test primarily intended for components
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 General
4.1 Description of the test
Test Z/AD is a cyclic temperature/humidity test which is designed to reveal defects in test
specimens caused by "breathing" as distinct from the absorption of moisture.
This process can be initiated by the forming of condensation on the specimen's surface. As the
temperature on parts or the whole of the specimen's surface might be lower than the
corresponding dew point at the humidity value, water can accumulate in small cracks or gaps
on the specimen's surface.
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Once the air temperature is reduced, the air in internal voids of specimen is contracted which
results in a drop of pressure and drawing-in either wet air or condensed water through cracks
or other leaks inside the specimen. The wet air will condense on inner walls of a void and may
gradually fill it. During the temperature rising phase, the air in the void is expanded, this time
with a lower dew point than during drawing-in, and partially escape out. This cycle is repeated,
and water can be accumulated inside the specimen and may gradually fill its voids.
This so-called "breathing" effect is caused by changing the temperature inside the specimen in
an atmosphere with high humidity. During the excursion to sub-zero temperature phase of the
test, the water trapped in cracks and other voids freezes and due to the expansion of ice volume
the cracks extend, and new cracks can form.
This test differs from other cyclic damp heat tests in that it derives its increased severity from:
a) a greater number of temperature variations or "breathing" actions in a given time;
b) a greater cyclic temperature range;
c) a higher cyclic rate of change of temperature;
d) the inclusion of a number of excursions to sub-zero temperatures.
The accelerated breathing and the effect of the freezing of trapped water in cracks and fissures
are the essential features of this composite test.
It is emphasized, however, that the freezing effect will occur only if the fissure dimensions are
large enough to allow the penetration of a coherent mass of water as is normally the case in
fissures between seals and metal assemblies, or between seals and wire terminations.
The degree of condensation will depend mainly upon the thermal time constant of the surface
of the test specimens and may be negligible for very small specimens but copious for large
specimens.
Similarly, the breathing effect will be more apparent on specimens which contain relatively large
air-filled or gas-filled voids, but again, the severity of the test will depend to some extent on the
thermal characteristics of the specimens.
The condensation effect and the temperature distribution could be disturbed by functional
checks, therefore the checks should be carried out during the constant phases of the
temperature profiles (Figure 2 and Figure 3, areas B and F).
To simply the programming of the test sequences, the set points are given in Annex A.
4.2 Application of the test
For the reasons given above, it is recommended that this test procedure be limited to component
type specimens when the construction of the specimens suggests a "breathing" type of damp
heat test combined with icing and where the thermal characteristics are compatible with the
rates of change of temperature, etc., of test Z/AD.
For solid type specimens, for example plastic encapsulated, where there may be small hairline
cracks or porous material, the absorption or diffusion mechanisms will predominate and a
steady damp heat such as test C of IEC 60068-2-78 is preferred for investigating these effects.
For larger specimens such as equipment or when it is essential for components to ensure
thermal stability during the various phases of the cycle, test Db of IEC 60068-2-30 should be
employed, although due to the reduced number of cycles in a given period, the degree of
acceleration may not be as fast. In this case, test Db should normally form part of a sequence
such as that defined in IEC 60068-1.
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As in other damp heat tests, a polarizing voltage or electrical loading may be applied to the
specimens. In the case of electrical loading, the loading should be such that the temperature
rise of the specimens does not unduly affect the chamber conditions.
From the above, test Z/AD should not be considered to be interchangeable with, or an
alternative to, either steady-state or other cyclic damp heat tests, but the choice of test
procedure should be made with due regard for the physical and thermal characteristics of the
test specimens and the types of failure mechanisms which are significant for each particular
case.
5 Description of test chamber
5.1 General
The exposure to moisture, followed by cold, can either be performed in one chamber or in two
separate chambers.
NOTE All temperatures and humidity values measured refer to a supply air measurement of the test chamber.
5.2 Chamber for exposure to moisture
The chamber for the exposure to moisture shall be so constructed that:
a) the temperature can be varied between 25 °C ± 2 K and 65 °C ± 2 K in a period of between
1,5 h and 2,5 h for both rising and falling temperatures;
+3
b) the relative humidity can be maintained at % during the periods of constant or rising
93
( −3)
temperature and between 80 % and 96 % during the falling temperature periods;
c) the conditions prevailing at any point in the working space are uniform and are as similar as
possible to those prevailing in the immediate vicinity of suitably located temperature- and
humidity-sensing devices;
The air in the chamber shall therefore be continuously stirred at a rate necessary to maintain
the specified conditions of temperature and humidity.
d) the specimens under test shall not be subjected to radiant heat from the chamber
conditioning processes;
e) the water used for the chamber humidity system shall comply with the limits given in
IEC 60068-2-67;
f) condensed water shall be continuously drained from the chamber and not used again unless
it has been re-purified.
Precautions shall be taken to ensure that no condensed water from the walls and roof of the
test chamber can fall on the specimens.
5.3 Chamber for exposure to cold
The chamber for exposure to cold shall be so constructed that
a) the temperature can be maintained at –10 °C ± 2 K,
b) the conditions prevailing at any point in the working space are uniform and are as similar as
possible to those prevailing in the immediate vicinity of suitably located temperature-sensing
devices.
The air in the chamber shall therefore be continuously moving.
Care should be taken that the thermal capacity of the specimen under test does not appreciably
influence conditions within the chamber.
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The humidity chamber may be used for exposure to cold, in which case it shall meet the
requirements of 4.1 and, in addition, shall be so constructed that
1) the temperature can be lowered from 25 °C ± 2 K to −10 °C ± 2 K in a period of not more
than 30 min,
2) the specimen can be held at a temperature of −10 °C ± 2 K for a period of 3 h,
3) the temperature can be raised from −10 °C ± 2 K to 25 °C ± 2 K in a period of not more than
90 min.
6 Severities
The number of 24 h cycles shall be 10, unless otherwise specified. If other than 10, the relevant
specification shall define the number.
7 Testing procedure
7.1 Preconditioning
Unless otherwise specified, the specimens in the unpacked, switched-off, ready-for-use state
shall be subjected to the conditions for "assisted drying" specified in IEC 60068-1 (55 °C ± 2 K
with a relative humidity not exceeding 20 %) for a period of 24 h prior to the first cycle of the
damp heat test.
The specimens shall then be allowed to attain thermal stability at standard atmospheric
conditions for testing or, as otherwise specified, before the initial measurements are made.
Figure 1 gives an overview about the preconditioning phase. During the stabilizing period no
specific rate of cooling is specified, however it shall not exceed 1 K/min.
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Figure 1 – Preconditioning
7.2 Initial measurements
The specimens shall be visually inspected and electrically and mechanically checked as
required by the relevant specification.
7.3 Conditioning
The total temperature tolerance of ±2 K given in this document is intended to take account of
absolute errors in the measurement, slow changes of temperature and temperature variations
of the working space.
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NOTE This tolerance is valid for an empty test space during stabilized temperature/humidity conditions of the test.
In some conditions, where the specimen has a negligible impact on the chamber control, the tolerances can still be
valid for the chamber with specimen(s).
However, in order to maintain the relative humidity within the required tolerances, it is necessary
to keep the temperature difference between any two points in the working space at any moment
within narrower limits. The required humidity conditions will not be achieved if such temperature
differences exceed 1 K. It may also be necessary to keep short-term fluctuations within these
limits to maintain the required humidity.
The specimens shall be introduced into the humidity chamber, in the unpacked, switched-off,
ready-for-use state, and mounted in the normal orientation, if this is known, or as otherwise
specified and shall be subjected to 10 temperature/humidity cycles, each of 24 h duration.
During any five of the first nine of the above cycles after exposure to the humidity subcycle
(areas A to H in Figure 2), the specimens shall be subjected to cold. The position of the cold
subcycles should be defined in the
...
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