SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017

Energy performance of buildings - Indicators for partial EPB requirements related to thermal energy balance and fabric features - Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO 52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)

This document refers to ISO 52018-1.
ISO 52018-1 gives a succinct enumeration of possible requirements related to thermal energy balance
features and to fabric features. It also provides tables for regulators to report their choices in a uniform
manner. This document provides many background considerations that can help both private actors
and public authorities, and all stakeholders involved, to take informed decisions.
This document does not contain any normative provision.

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Indicateurs et exigences de PEB partielle liées aux éléments du bilan énergétique thermique et aux éléments d'enveloppe - Partie 2: Explication et justification de l’ISO 52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)

N/A

Energetska učinkovitost stavb - Indikatorji delnih zahtev EPB, povezanih z bilanco toplotne energije in lastnostmi stavbnega tkiva - 2. del: Obrazložitev in utemeljitev ISO 52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)

Ta dokument se sklicuje na EN ISO 52018-1.
ISO 52018-1 podaja strnjen povzetek možnih zahtev v povezavi z bilanco toplotne energije in lastnostmi stavbenega tkiva. Podaja tudi preglednice za enotno obliko poročanja o upraviteljevih izbirah. Ta dokument podaja številne podrobne pomisleke, ki bodo zasebnim izvajalcem in javnim organom ter vsem povezanim deležnikom v pomoč pri sprejemanju obveščenih odločitev.
Ta dokument ne vsebuje nobenih normativnih določb.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 09-Jan-2017
• Publication Date: 15-Aug-2017
• ICS: 27.015 - Energy efficiency. Energy conservation in general
• ICS: 91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
• Technical Committee: TOP - Thermal insulation
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Due Date: 06-Oct-2017
• Completion Date: 16-Aug-2017
• Directive: 2010/31/EU - Directive 2010/31/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
• Mandate: M/480 - Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy performance buildings (2010/31/EU)
• Ref Project: CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 - Energy performance of buildings - Indicators for partial EPB requirements related to thermal energy balance and fabric features - Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO 52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
01-september-2017
(QHUJHWVNDXþLQNRYLWRVWVWDYE,QGLNDWRUMLGHOQLK]DKWHY(3%SRYH]DQLK]ELODQFR
WRSORWQHHQHUJLMHLQODVWQRVWPLVWDYEQHJDWNLYDGHO2EUD]ORåLWHYLQXWHPHOMLWHY
,62,6275
Energy performance of buildings - Indicators for partial EPB requirements related to
thermal energy balance and fabric features - Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO
52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Indicateurs et exigences de PEB partielle liées
aux éléments du bilan énergétique thermique et aux éléments d'enveloppe - Partie 2:
Explication et justification de l’ISO 52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ICS:
27.015 (QHUJLMVNDXþLQNRYLWRVW Energy efficiency. Energy
2KUDQMDQMHHQHUJLMHQD conservation in general
VSORãQR
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017


CEN ISO/TR 52018-2
TECHNICAL REPORT

RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

July 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10
English Version

Energy performance of buildings - Indicators for partial
EPB requirements related to thermal energy balance and
fabric features - Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO
52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Indicateurs
pour des exigences PEB partielles liées aux
caractéristiques du bilan énergétique thermique et du
bâti - Partie 2: Explication et justification de l'ISO
52018-1 (ISO/TR 52018-2:2017)


This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 24 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 89.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 (E)
European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163
"Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of
which is held by SIS.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
This document is part of the set of standards and accompanying technical reports on the energy
performance of buildings and has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/480, see reference [EF3] below).
Directive 2010/31/EU recasting the Directive 2002/91/EC on energy performance of buildings (EPBD,
[EF4]) promotes the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within the European Union,
taking into account all types of energy uses (heating, lighting, cooling, air conditioning, ventilation) and
outdoor climatic and local conditions, as well as indoor climate requirements and cost effectiveness
(Article 1).
The directive requires Member States to adopt measures and tools to achieve the prudent and rational
use of energy resources. In order to achieve those goals, the EPBD requires increasing energy efficiency
and the enhanced use of renewable energies in both new and existing buildings. One tool for this is the
application by Member States of minimum requirements on the energy performance of new buildings
and for existing buildings that are subject to major renovation, as well as for minimum performance
requirements for the building envelope if energy-relevant parts are replaced or retrofitted. Other tools
are energy certification of buildings, inspection of boilers and air-conditioning systems.
The use of European standards increases the accessibility, transparency and objectivity of the energy
performance assessment in the Member States facilitating the comparison of best practices and
supporting the internal market for construction products. The use of EPB-standards for calculating
energy performance, as well as for energy performance certification and the inspection of heating
systems and boilers, ventilation and air-conditioning systems will reduce costs compared to developing
different standards at national level.
The first mandate to CEN to develop a set of CEN EPBD standards (M/343, [EF2]), to support the first
edition of the EPBD [EF1] resulted in the successful publication of all EPBD related CEN standards in
2007-2008.
The mandate M/480 was issued to review the mandate 343, as the recast of the EPBD raised the need to
revisit the standards and reformulate and add standards so that they become on the one hand
unambiguous and compatible, and on the other hand provide a clear and explicit overview of the
choices, boundary conditions and input data that need to be defined at national or regional level. Such
national or regional choices remain necessary, due to differences in climate, culture & building
tradition, policy and legal frameworks. Consequently, the set of CEN-EPBD standards published in
2007-2008 had to be improved and expanded on the basis of the recast of the EPBD.
The EPB standards are flexible enough to allow for necessary national and regional differentiation and
facilitate Member States implementation and the setting of requirements by the Member States.
3

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 (E)
Further target groups are users of the voluntary common European Union certification scheme for the
energy performance of non-residential buildings (EPBD art.11.9) and any other regional (e.g. Pan
European) parties wanting to motivate their assumptions by classifying the building energy
performance for a dedicated building stock.
References:
[EF1] EPBD, Directive 2002/91/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
16 December 2002 on the energy performance of buildings
[EF2] Mandate M/343 Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of
standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and estimating
the environmental impact, in accordance with the terms set forth in Directive 2002/91/EC; 30 January
2004
[EF3] Mandate M/480, Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of
standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting
the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the
energy performance of buildings (2010/31/EU) of 14th December 2010
[EF4] EPBD, Recast of the Directive on the energy performance of buildings (2010/31/EU) of 14th
December 2010
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 without any
modification.


4

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 52018-2
First edition
2017-06
Energy performance of buildings —
Indicators for partial EPB
requirements related to thermal
energy balance and fabric features —
Part 2:
Explanation and justification of ISO
52018-1
Performance énergétique des bâtiments — Indicateurs pour
des exigences PEB partielles liées aux caractéristiques du bilan
énergétique thermique et du bâti —
Partie 2: Explication et justification de l’ISO 52018-1
Reference number
ISO/TR 52018-2:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2017(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2017(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and subscripts . 1
5 General aspects . 2
6 Mix of EPB features with requirements . 3
7 Summer thermal comfort . 3
7.1 Motivation . 3
7.2 Points of attention . 3
7.3 Indicators . 5
7.4 Comparable economic strictness . 5
7.5 New construction/renovation . 6
7.6 Exceptions . 6
8 Winter thermal comfort . 6
9 Energy need for heating, or variants . 6
9.1 Motivation . 6
9.2 Indicators . 7
9.3 Comparable economic strictness . 8
9.4 New construction/renovation . 9
9.5 Exceptions . 9
10 Energy need for cooling, or variants . 9
11 Combination of “needs” . 9
12 Overall thermal insulation of the thermal envelope .10
12.1 Motivation .10
12.2 Indicators .10
12.3 Comparable economic strictness .10
12.4 New construction/renovation .11
12.5 Intermediate forms between overall and individual thermal insulation .11
13 Thermal insulation of individual elements of the thermal envelope .11
13.1 Motivation .11
13.2 Indicators .12
13.3 Points of attention .12
13.4 Comparable economic strictness .14
13.5 New construction/renovation .14
13.6 Exceptions .15
14 Thermal bridges .15
14.1 General .15
14.2 Motivation .15
14.3 Requirement setting .15
14.4 Alternative routes .16
14.5 New construction/renovation .17
14.6 Further information .18
15 Window energy performance .18
15.1 Motivation .18
15.2 Indicators .18
15.3 Points of attention .18
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2017(E)

15.4 New construction/renovation .18
16 Airtightness.19
16.1 Motivation .19
16.2 Indicator and comparable economic strictness .19
16.3 New construction/renovation .20
16.4 Measurement .20
16.5 Further information .21
17 Solar control .22
Annex A (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Template.23
Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Default choices .24
Annex C (informative) Regional references in line with ISO Global Relevance Policy .26
Annex D (informative) Example method for integrating fictitious cooling into the overall
EPB indicators .27
Annex E (informative) Illustration of the variable value of the heating need per useful floor
area for a given set of technical measures .29
Annex F (informative) An underpinning of an expression for the maximum mean
thermal transmittance .33
Bibliography .37
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2017(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www. iso. org/d irectives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www. iso. org/p atents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: ww w .iso. org/iso / foreword. html.
ISO/TR 52018-2 was prepared by ISO technical committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and
energy use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods, in collaboration with the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance
of buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 52018 series can be found on the ISO website.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2017(E)

Introduction
Relation between this document and the accompanying International Standard
For proper understanding of the present document, it is necessary to read it in close conjunction,
clause by clause, with ISO 52018-1. Essential information provided in Part 1 is not repeated in this part.
References to a clause refer to the combined content of that clause in both parts 1 and 2. Brief articles
[20] [21] [22]
on the subject can be found in , and .
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards: CEN/TS 16628:2014,
[1]
Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB standards ;
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of EPB-
[2]
standards ;
The detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB standard, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant
clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of EPB
standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB (calculation) standard, to
demonstrate the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB standard follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
[3]
overarching EPB standard, ISO 52000-1 .
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB standards has been to enable that laws and
regulations directly refer to the EPB standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This
requires that the set of EPB standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous
set of energy performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible,
taking into account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy
and legal frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless
the background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some
detail to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded
and made available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the
EPB standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where
all informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
[2]
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 ):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content,
vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2017(E)

— to reduce the page count of the actual standard, and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
[17]
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
This document
This document accompanies ISO 52018-1, which forms part of the set EPB standards.
The role and the positioning of the accompanied standard in the set of EPB standards is defined in the
Introduction to ISO 52018-1.
General aspects of EPB indicators, requirements, ratings and certificates and application to the overall
[5] [6]
energy performance of buildings can be found in ISO 52003-1 and ISO/TR 52003-2 .
Accompanying spreadsheet
Because in the accompanying document ISO 52018-1 no calculation procedures are defined, an
accompanying calculation spreadsheet is not relevant.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved vii

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SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017

---------------------- Page: 14 --------
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
01-januar-2017
(QHUJHWVNDXþLQNRYLWRVWVWDYE,QGLNDWRUMLGHOQLK]DKWHY(3%SRYH]DQLK]ELODQFR
WRSORWQHHQHUJLMHLQODVWQRVWPLVWDYEQHJDWNLYDGHO2EUD]ORåLWHYLQXWHPHOMLWHY
,62,62'75
Energy performance of buildings - Indicators for partial EPB requirements related to
thermal energy balance and fabric features - Part 2: Explanation and justification of ISO
52018-1 (ISO/DTR 52018-2:2016)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Indicateurs et exigences de PEB partielle liées
aux éléments du bilan énergétique thermique et aux éléments d'enveloppe - Partie 2:
Explication et justification de l’ISO 52018-1 (ISO/DTR 52018-2:2016)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2
ICS:
27.015 (QHUJLMVNDXþLQNRYLWRVW Energy efficiency. Energy
2KUDQMDQMHHQHUJLMHQD conservation in general
VSORãQR
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017

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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 52018-2
First edition
Energy performance of buildings —
Indicators for partial EPB
requirements related to thermal
energy balance and fabric features —
Part 2:
Explanation and justification of ISO
52018-1
Performance énergétique des bâtiments — Indicateurs et exigences
de PEB partielle liées aux éléments du bilan énergétique thermique et
aux éléments d’enveloppe —
Partie 2: Explication et justification de l’ISO 52018-1
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO/TR 52018-2:2016(E)
©
ISO 2016

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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2016(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and subscripts . 1
5 General aspects . 2
6 Mix of EPB features with requirements . 3
7 Summer thermal comfort . 3
7.1 Motivation . 3
7.2 Points of attention . 3
7.3 Indicators . 5
7.4 Comparable economic strictness . 5
7.5 New construction/renovation . 6
7.6 Exceptions . 6
8 Winter thermal comfort . 6
9 Energy need for heating, or variants . 6
9.1 Motivation . 6
9.2 Indicators . 7
9.3 Comparable economic strictness . 8
9.4 New construction/renovation . 9
9.5 Exceptions . 9
10 Energy need for cooling, or variants . 9
11 Combination of “needs” . 9
12 Overall thermal insulation of the thermal envelope .10
12.1 Motivation .10
12.2 Indicators .10
12.3 Comparable economic strictness .10
12.4 New construction/renovation .11
12.5 Intermediate forms between overall and individual thermal insulation .11
13 Thermal insulation of individual elements of the thermal envelope .11
13.1 Motivation .11
13.2 Indicators .12
13.3 Points of attention .12
13.4 Comparable economic strictness .14
13.5 New construction/renovation .14
13.6 Exceptions .15
14 Thermal bridges .15
14.1 General .15
14.2 Motivation .15
14.3 Requirement setting .15
14.4 Alternative routes .16
14.5 New construction/renovation .18
14.6 Further information .18
15 Window energy performance .18
15.1 Motivation .18
15.2 Indicators .18
15.3 Points of attention .18
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE iii

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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2016(E)

15.4 New construction/renovation .19
16 Airtightness.19
16.1 Motivation .19
16.2 Indicator and comparable economic strictness .19
16.3 New construction/renovation .20
16.4 Measurement .20
16.5 Further information .21
17 Solar control .22
Annex A (informative) Example method for integrating fictitious cooling into the overall
EPB indicators .23
Annex B (informative) Illustration of the variable value of the heating need per useful floor
area for a given set of technical measures .25
Annex C (informative) An underpinning of an expression for the maximum mean
thermal transmittance .29
Bibliography .33
iv PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
ISO/TR 52018-2:2016(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the
built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods.
A list of all parts in the ISO 52018 series, published under the general title Energy performance of
buildings — Indicators for partial EPB requirements related to thermal energy balance and fabric features,
can be found on the ISO website.
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Introduction
To fully understand document, it should be read in close conjunction, clause by clause, with
1)
[1]
ISO 52018-1 . Essential information provided in ISO 52018-1 is not repeated in this document.
References to a clause refer to the combined content of that clause in both ISO 52018-1 and this
document.
In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,
input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and
tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:
[2]
CEN/TS 16628 ;
b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;
[3]
CEN/TS 16629 ;
c) detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:
1) a common template for each EPB standard, including specific drafting instructions for the
relevant clauses;
2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of
EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;
3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB (calculation) standard, to
demonstrate the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.
Each EPB standard follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the
1)[4]
overarching EPB standard, ISO 52000-1 .
One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB standards has been to enable that laws and
regulations directly refer to the EPB standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This
requires that the set of EPB standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous
set of energy performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible,
taking into account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy
and legal frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided
(Annex B).
Rationale behind the EPB technical reports
There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless
the background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some
detail to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded
and made available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the
EPB standards.
If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be
confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or
regional building codes.
Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where
all informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative
[3]
contents (see CEN/TS 16629 ):
— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content,
— to reduce the page count of the actual standard, and
1) To be published.
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— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.
[17]
This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project that laid the
foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
This technical report
[1]
This technical report accompanies ISO 52018-1, which forms part of the set EPB standards.
The role and the positioning of the accompanied standard in the set of EPB standards is defined in the
Introduction to ISO 52018-1.
General aspects of EPB indicators, requirements, ratings and certificates and application to the overall
2)
[6] 2)[7]
energy performance of buildings can be found in ISO 52003-1 and ISO/TR 52003-2. A brief
[20]
article on the subject can be found in .
Accompanying spreadsheet
Because no calculation procedures are defined in ISO 52018-1, there is no accompanying calculation
spreadsheet for this document.
2) To be published.
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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 52018-2:2017
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 52018-2:2016(E)
Energy performance of buildings — Indicators for partial
EPB requirements related to thermal energy balance and
fabric features —
Part 2:
Explanation and justification of ISO 52018-1
1 Scope
This document refers to ISO 52018-1.
ISO 52018-1 gives a succinct enumeration of possible requirements related to thermal energy balance
features and to fabric features. It also provides tables for regulators to report their choices in a uniform
manner. This document provides many background considerations that can help both private actors
and public authorities, and all stakeholders involved, to take informed decisions.
This document does not contain any normative provision.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
There are no normative references in this document.
More information on the use of EPB module numbers, in all EPB standards, for normative references to
[5]
other EPB standards is given in ISO/TR 52000-2 .
3 Terms and definitions
[1]
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 52018-1, apply.
[5]
More information on some key EPB terms and definitions is given in ISO/TR 52000-2 .
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 Symbols and subscripts
[1]
For the purposes of this document, the symbols and subscripts given in ISO 52018-1, apply.
[5]
More information on key EPB symbols and subscripts is given in ISO/TR 52000-2 .
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5 General aspects
This document is fully complementary to ISO 52018-1. For a good comprehension, before reading
a clause in this document, the corresponding (succinct) clause in ISO 52018-1 should be read, as this
document does not repeat the content of ISO 52018-1, but only provides additional information.
This document contains many straightforward considerations with which many readers may already be
familiar. In order for the text to also provide full support to novices in the field, such basic considerations
have nevertheless been included. On the other hand, commonly circulating argumentations that could
not withstand the test of critical, rational analysis have been omitted. It is self-evident, by the very
nature of the topic, that the treatment can never be fully exhaustive; many additional motivations, for
instance influenced by specific local conditions, may influence the final choice of the mix of energy
features and indicators for which requirements are set.
For each of the partial EPB features enumerated in ISO 52018-1, this document formulates background
considerations with respect to the following aspects (in as far as applicable):
— possible motivations,
— possible indicators,
— comparable economic strictness of the requirements,
— practical points of attention,
— testing,
— new construction and renovation issues,
— exceptions,
— other.
Achieving a good indoor environmental quality is one of the major objectives when designing buildings
(first and foremost for the people in the building, but also for the proper preservation of any –specific–
goods in the building). The topic of indoor environment is thematically and technically closely
related to the energy efficiency of buildings, and both aspects are therefore logically considered in an
integrated manner when building regulations are established. All the partial EPB features discussed
in ISO 52018-1 and in this document are listed in Table 1 together with an indication whether indoor
environment and/or energy efficiency is (are) usually the main motivation(s). (There may of course still
be other possible reasons for setting a requirement, such as fabric preservation, but such other reasons
are not visualized in the summary table.) Requirements on most EPB features may to a greater or lesser
extent serve both purposes. The nuances are further discussed in each of the clauses.
Table 1 — Overview of the different partial EPB features
Clause Partial EPB feature Indoor Energy
environment efficiency
6 summer thermal comfort X (X)
7 winter thermal comfort X (X)
8 energy “need” for heating, or variants (X) X
9 energy “need” for cooling, or variants (X) X
10 combination of “needs” X
11 overall thermal insulation of the envelope X
12 thermal insulation of individual envelope elements X X
13 thermal bridges X X
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Table 1 (continued)
Clause Partial EPB feature Indoor Energy
environment efficiency
14 window energy rating X
15 airtightness X X
16 solar control X X
Often, an important consideration when setting EPB requirements is to achieve a strictness that
is more or less cost optimal (at an assumed scenario of the future energy prices) for each individual
[6]
construction project. This issue is explained in a general manner in ISO 52003-1 and ISO/TR 52003-
[7]
2 . In this document, this aspect is discussed in a more practical manner for each of the EPB features.
6 Mix of EPB features with requirements
No additional information beyond ISO 52018-1.
7 Summer thermal comfort
7.1 Motivation
If there are complaints by the building users about the indoor environmental quality, it often includes
summer thermal comfort. The occurrence of this problem can potentially be aggravated by EPB
building regulations if these are not well-considered and well-equilibrated. Partial EPB requirements
only dealing with the heating aspect may lead designer teams to maximize solar gains in winter, while
neglecting the summer impact. And in uncooled buildings, or if active cooling would not be included in
the overall energy performance assessment, even an overall EPB requirement can cause such single-
sided design.
Setting a summer thermal comfort requirement may thus be an important complement in order to
achieve a balanced, integral building design that performs well in all respects, both in winter and in
summer. In addition, good summer indoor conditions strongly reduce the probability that active cooling
will be installed later on during the lifetime of the building. In this manner such requirement thus also
contributes in the long run to the energy saving goal.
7.2 Points of attention
Special consideration should be given to the potential issue that a diverging approach between uncooled
and actively cooled buildings might result in unwanted consequences.
For instance, if overall EPB requirements and/or partial EPB requirements (e.g., on the cooling “need”)
in actively cooled buildings are much more severe than in uncooled buildings, and if at the same
time there is no attention in the building regulation for summer comfort in uncooled buildings, then
the regulation might cause (especially in the segment of the construction market that is first cost
dominated) an increase of uncooled building designs with uncomfortable summer conditions, resulting
in the installation of (potentially less efficient) active cooling any time after construction.
Vice-versa, a requirement on summer thermal comfort in uncooled buildings that is not matched with
(overall and/or partial) EPB requirements that equally impact cooled buildings, might possibly cause
an undesired immediate
...