oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021

Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)

Durch Feuerverzinken auf Stahl aufgebrachte Zinküberzüge (Stückverzinken) - Anforderungen und Prüfungen (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)

Revêtements par galvanisation à chaud sur produits finis en fonte et en acier - Spécifications et méthodes d'essai (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)

Prevleke na železnih in jeklenih predmetih, nanesene z vročim pocinkanjem - Specifikacije in metode preskušanja (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 30-Nov-2021
• ICS: 25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
• Technical Committee: IPKZ - Protection of metals against corrosion
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 06-Oct-2021
• Due Date: 23-Feb-2022
• Ref Project: prEN ISO 1461 - Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)

RELATIONS

• Revised: SIST EN ISO 1461:2009 - Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test methods (ISO 1461:2009)
• Effective Date: 22-Jul-2020

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021
01-november-2021
Prevleke na železnih in jeklenih predmetih, nanesene z vročim pocinkanjem -
Specifikacije in metode preskušanja (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)

Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel articles - Specifications and test

methods (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)
Durch Feuerverzinken auf Stahl aufgebrachte Zinküberzüge (Stückverzinken) -
Anforderungen und Prüfungen (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)
Revêtements par galvanisation à chaud sur produits finis en fonte et en acier -
Spécifications et méthodes d'essai (ISO/DIS 1461:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 1461
ICS:
25.220.40 Kovinske prevleke Metallic coatings
oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 1461
ISO/TC 107/SC 4 Secretariat: BSI
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-09-28 2021-12-21
Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel
articles — Specifications and test methods

Revêtements par galvanisation à chaud sur produits finis en fonte et en acier — Spécifications et méthodes

d'essai
ICS: 25.220.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 1461:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021
ISO/DIS 1461:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting

on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address

below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021
ISO/DIS 1461:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2  Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3  Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

4  General requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.2 Hot dip galvanizing bath ................................................................................................................................................................. 4

4.3 Information to be supplied by the purchaser ............................................................................................................... 4

4.4 Safety ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5  Acceptance inspection and sampling .............................................................................................................................................. 4

6 Galvanized coating properties ............................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.1 Appearance ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

6.2 Thickness ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6.2.2 Test methods ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6

6.2.3 Reference areas ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

6.3 Renovation .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

6.4 Adhesion ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

6.5 Acceptance criteria .............................................................................................................................................................................. 8

7  Declaration of compliance .......................................................................................................................................................................10

Annex A (normative) Information to be supplied ...............................................................................................................................11

Annex B (normative) Safety and process requirements ...............................................................................................................13

Annex C (informative) Renovation of uncoated or damaged areas ...................................................................................14

Annex D (informative) Determination of thickness ...........................................................................................................................15

Annex E (informative) Corrosion resistance of galvanized coatings ................................................................................16

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................17

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021
ISO/DIS 1461:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html. This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other

inorganic coatings, Subcommittee SC 4, Hot dip coatings (galvanized, etc.).

This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 1461:2009), which has been technically

revised.
Significant changes to the text include the following:

— definitions are added for ‘galvanizer’; ‘after-treatment’; ‘additional coating’; ‘wet storage stain’ and

‘duplex system’ (Clause 3);

— the difficulty to remove flux residues and zinc ash when access is restricted is recognised (Clause 6.1);

— procedures for choice of reference areas is clarified and additional requirements to avoid reference

areas on certain small ancillary elements on a larger article have been added (Clause 6.2.3);

— requirements for renovation of uncoated areas have been revised. The requirements for the

pigment of a zinc-containing paint to comply with ISO 3549 is removed. Annex C has been extended

to include additional information on the suitability of different methods of renovation (Clause 6.3

and Annex C);

— all requirements related to coating thickness, including Table 3 and Table 4, are within Clause 6.5,

including requirements linked to the size of the article in the control sample previously within

Clause 6.2.3. The lower coating thicknesses that may result on ultra-low reactive steels are

recognised in new requirements for these steel types. (Clause 6.5);

— information on corrosion resistance of galvanized coatings has been updated, including reference

to ISO 9224 for longer-term corrosion resistance (Annex E).
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 1461:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 1461:2021(E)
Hot dip galvanized coatings on fabricated iron and steel
articles — Specifications and test methods
1 Scope

This document specifies the general properties of hot dip galvanized coatings and test methods for hot

dip galvanized coatings applied by dipping fabricated iron and steel articles (including certain castings)

in a zinc melt (containing not more than 2 % of other metals). It does not apply to the following:

a) sheet, wire and woven or welded mesh products that are continuously hot dip galvanized;

b) tube and pipe that are hot dip galvanized in automatic plants;

c) hot dip galvanized products (e.g., fasteners) for which specific standards exist and which might

include additional requirements or requirements which are different from those of this document.

NOTE Individual product standards can incorporate this document for the galvanized coating by quoting

its number, or can incorporate it with modifications specific to the product. Different requirements can also be

made for galvanized coatings on products intended to meet specific regulatory requirements.

After-treatment/additional coating of hot dip galvanized articles is not covered by this document.

2  Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 752, Zinc ingots

ISO 1460, Metallic coatings — Hot dip galvanized coatings on ferrous materials — Gravimetric

determination of the mass per unit area

ISO 2064, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Definitions and conventions concerning the measurement

of thickness

ISO 2178, Non-magnetic coatings on magnetic substrates — Measurement of coating thickness — Magnetic

method
ISO 2808, Paints and varnishes — Determination of film thickness

ISO 2859-1, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by

acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection

ISO 2859-2, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 2: Sampling plans indexed by limiting

quality (LQ) for isolated lot inspection

ISO 2859-3, Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes — Part 3: Skip-lot sampling procedures

ISO 3882, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Review of methods of measurement of thickness

ISO 10474, Steel and steel products — Inspection documents
EN 1179, Zinc and zinc alloys — Primary zinc
EN 13283, Zinc and zinc alloys — Secondary zinc
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ISO/DIS 1461:2021(E)

ISO 14713-1, Zinc coatings — Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron

and steel in structures — Part 1: General principles of design and corrosion resistance

ISO 14713-2, Zinc coatings — Guidelines and recommendations for the protection against corrosion of iron

and steel in structures — Part 2: Hot dip galvanizing
3  Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2064 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org
3.1
hot dip galvanizing

formation of a galvanized coating of zinc and/or zinc iron alloys on fabricated iron or steel articles by

dipping in a zinc melt
Note 1 to entry: Also referred to as “batch galvanizing”.
3.2
hot dip galvanized coating
coating obtained by batch hot dip galvanizing

Note 1 to entry: The term “hot dip galvanized coating” is subsequently referred to as the “galvanized coating”.

3.3
galvanizer

company or organisation that operates a plant for the hot dip galvanizing of batches of fabricated iron

or steel articles
3.4
galvanized coating mass
total mass of zinc and/or zinc alloys per area of surface

Note 1 to entry: The galvanized coating mass is expressed in grams per square metre, g/m .

3.5
galvanized coating thickness
total thickness of zinc and/or zinc alloys
Note 1 to entry: The thickness is expressed in micrometres, µm.
3.6
significant surface

part of the article covered or to be covered by the galvanized coating and for which the galvanized

coating is essential for serviceability and/or appearance
3.7
control sample
article or group of articles from a lot that is selected for sampling
3.8
reference area
area within which a specific number of single measurements are made
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ISO/DIS 1461:2021(E)
3.9
local galvanized coating thickness

mean value of galvanized coating thickness obtained from the specific number of measurements within

a reference area for a magnetic test or the single value from a gravimetric test
3.10
mean galvanized coating thickness
average value of the local thicknesses
3.11
local galvanized coating mass
value of galvanized coating mass obtained from a single gravimetric test
3.12
mean galvanized coating mass

average value of the galvanized coating masses determined either by using a control sample selected

in accordance with Clause 5 using tests in accordance with ISO 1460 or by conversion of the mean

galvanized coating thickness (3.10)
3.13
minimum value of the galvanized coating thickness

lowest single measurement in a gravimetric test or lowest mean obtained from the specified number of

measurements in a magnetic test within a reference area
3.14
inspection lot
single order or single delivery load
3.15
acceptance inspection

inspection of an inspection lot at the hot dip galvanizing plant, unless otherwise specified

3.16
uncoated area
areas on the iron or steel articles that do not react with the molten zinc
3.17
zinc melt
molten mass containing primarily zinc
3.18
weld seepage

emission of previously retained pretreatment solutions from narrow spaces between two closely

contacting surfaces that have been subject to intermittent welding or from very small cavities (pinholes)

in the welds of a galvanized article
3.19
after-treatment

immediate application of chemical or other treatments with temporary effects such as inhibition of wet

storage stain or to enhance appearance of galvanized articles
3.20
additional coating

application of coating layers, such as liquid paints or powder coating, after galvanizing as part of a

duplex system
3.21
wet storage stain

surface stain resulting from the formation of zinc corrosion products (usually zinc hydroxide and zinc

oxide) when freshly galvanized steel is stored or transported in moist or humid conditions

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3.22
duplex system
hot dip galvanized coating with an additional liquid paint or powder coating
4  General requirements
4.1 General

This document sets out requirements for the contents of the zinc melt used to apply a galvanized coating

to articles (see 4.2). The chemical composition and the surface condition (finish and roughness) of the

basis metal, the mass of the parts and the galvanizing conditions may affect the appearance, thickness,

texture and physical/mechanical properties of the galvanized coating. This document does not define

any requirements regarding these points. Guidance on these parameters can be found in ISO 14713-2.

4.2  Hot dip galvanizing bath

The hot dip galvanizing bath shall primarily contain molten zinc. The total of the other elements (as

identified in ISO 752, EN 1179 or EN 13283, excluding tin and iron) in the molten zinc shall not exceed

1,5 % by mass.
4.3  Information to be supplied by the purchaser

The information listed in Annex A (Clauses A.1 and A.2) shall be supplied by the purchaser.

4.4 Safety
Venting and draining shall be provided for in accordance with Annex B.
5  Acceptance inspection and sampling

Acceptance inspection can be undertaken by, or on behalf of, the purchaser and shall be undertaken

before the products leave the galvanizer’s custody, unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering

by the purchaser. Acceptance inspection involves assessment of the appearance of the surface of the

galvanized article and testing of the galvanized coating thickness. Adhesion tests are normally not

carried out and are only tested by agreement (see 6.4).

If the purchaser requires this, a control sample for thickness testing shall be taken randomly from each

inspection lot (3.14) selected for testing. Unless otherwise agreed, the minimum number of articles

from each inspection lot that forms the control sample shall be in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1 — Control sample size related to lot size
Minimum number of articles in
Number of articles in lot
the control sample
1 to 3 All
4 to 500 3
501 to 1 200 5
1 201 to 3 200 8
3 201 to 10 000 13
> 10 000 20
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6 Galvanized coating properties
6.1 Appearance

At acceptance inspection, the visible significant surface(s) of all the hot dip galvanized article(s), when

first examined by normal or corrected vision from a distance of not less than 1 m, shall be free from

blisters (i.e. raised areas without solid metal beneath), roughness and sharp points (if that roughness

or sharp point can cause injury) and uncoated areas. It shall be recognised that “roughness” is a relative

term and the roughness of galvanized coatings on articles galvanized after fabrication differs from that

of mechanically wiped products, such as hot dip coated sheet (e.g., to EN 10143 or EN 10346), tube (e.g.,

to EN 10240) and wire (e.g., to EN 10244).

The primary purpose of the galvanized coating is to protect the iron or steel articles against corrosion.

Considerations related to aesthetics or decorative features should be secondary. Where these secondary

features are also of importance, it is highly recommended that the galvanizer and purchaser agree

upon the standard of finish that is achievable on the articles (in total or in part), given the range of

materials used to form the article. This is of particular importance where the required standard of

finish is beyond that set out in this subclause. In practice, it is not possible to establish a definition of

appearance and finish covering all requirements.

The occurrence of darker or lighter areas (e.g., cellular pattern or dark grey areas) or some surface

unevenness (e.g., ‘orange peel’) shall not be a cause for rejection (see 4.1). The development of wet

storage stain shall not be a cause for rejection, providing the galvanized coating thickness remains

above the specified minimum value.

NOTE 1 In certain circumstances, for example, where the galvanized article is to receive a further treatment

or application of additional coatings, the purchaser might ask the galvanizer:
a) not to quench the article, and/or

b) to take measures to prevent the formation of corrosion products on the surface of the galvanized

coating during storage and transport.

Flux residues and zinc ash shall be removed where they might affect the intended use of the hot dip

galvanized article, or its corrosion resistance requirement, unless access is restricted, e.g., inside

hollow sections.

Aesthetic effects (e.g., weld seepage resulting from the use of intermittent welds around overlapping

surfaces in the fabrication) shall not be a cause for rejection.

NOTE 2 Use of this intermittent of welding often results from consideration of health and safety issues.

Further guidance is given in ISO 14713-2.

Articles that fail visual inspection shall be renovated in accordance with 6.3. Otherwise, the articles

shall be regalvanized and resubmitted for inspection.

When particular requirements exist (for example, when the galvanized coating is to be painted), a

sample shall be produced [see A.2 f)] at the purchaser's request.
6.2  Thickness
6.2.1 General

Hot dip galvanized coatings are designed to protect iron and steel articles against corrosion (see

Annex E). The length of time of corrosion protection by galvanized coatings is approximately

proportional to the coating thickness (see ISO 14713-1).
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6.2.2  Test methods

In case of dispute regarding the test method, the method of calculating the galvanized coating

thickness shall be by the determination of the mean mass of galvanized coating per unit area using the

gravimetric method in accordance with ISO 1460 and the nominal density of 7,2 g/cm shall be used for

calculation purposes. Where less than 10 articles are involved, the purchaser shall not have to accept

the gravimetric test if that would involve the destruction of articles and unacceptable remedial costs to

the purchaser.

Tests (see Annex D) are most commonly carried out by one of the magnetic methods given in ISO 2808

and ISO 2178 (also specified in ISO 3882). Instruments for magnetic methods measure either the

magnetic attraction between a permanent magnet and the base metal, as influenced by the presence

of the galvanized coating, or the reluctance of the magnetic flux path passing through the galvanized

coating and the base metal. Alternative methods include the gravimetric and the microscopic cross-

section methods (see Annex D).

The test methods given in ISO 2808 and ISO 2178 (also reviewed in ISO 3882) are most appropriate

within works and for routine quality control. Because the area on which each measurement is made

in these methods is very small, individual figures may be lower than the values for the local or mean

galvanized coating thickness. If a sufficient number of measurements is made within a reference area,

effectively the same local thickness will be determined by magnetic or gravimetric methods.

6.2.3 Reference areas

The number and position of reference areas and their sizes for the magnetic or gravimetric test shall be

chosen with regard to the shapes and sizes of the article(s) in order to obtain a result as representative

as possible of mean galvanized coating thickness or mass per unit area, as applicable. Unless otherwise

agreed, the reference areas shall be chosen by the galvanizer. The minimum size of a reference area shall

be 10cm . On a long article in the control sample, the reference areas shall be chosen approximately

100 mm from the edges and 100 mm from each end and the approximate centre.

Unless otherwise agreed, reference areas shall not be chosen from ancillary elements that may be

thinner, or less reactive during galvanizing, when they are smaller than the main elements of a larger

article. Therefore thickness measurements will not be taken on these ancillary elements.

NOTE 1 Ancillary elements include, for example, stiffeners, end plates and brackets.

The number of reference areas, dependent upon the size of the individual articles in the control sample,

shall be as identified in Table 2.
Table 2 — Required number of reference areas for testing

Category Size of significant surface area Number of reference areas to be taken per article

a > 2 m ≥ 3
2 2
b > 100 cm to ≤ 2 m ≥ 1
2 2
c > 10 cm to ≤ 100 cm 1
d ≤ 10 cm 1 on each of N articles
2 2
NOTE 2 m = 200 cm × 100 cm; 100 cm = 10 cm × 10 cm.

For category d in Table 2 only, N is the sufficient number of articles to provide a minimum of 10 cm

of significant surface for an individual reference area. The total number of articles tested equals the

number of articles required to provide one reference area, N, multiplied by the appropriate number

from the second column of Table 1 related to the size of the lot (or the total number of articles galvanized

if that is less). Alternatively, sampling procedures selected from ISO 2859-1, ISO 2859-2 or ISO 2859-3

shall be used.

When more than five articles have to be taken to make up a reference area of minimum 10 cm , a single

magnetic measurement shall be taken on each article if a suitable area of significant surface exists; if

not, the gravimetric test shall be used.
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Within each reference area, a minimum of five magnetic test measurements shall be taken. If any of

those individual measurements is lower than the “local galvanized coating thickness” values in Table 3

or Table 4, this is not relevant, as only the average value over the whole of each reference area is

required. The mean galvanized coating thickness for all reference areas shall be calculated in a similar

way for the magnetic test as for the gravimetric test (see ISO 1460).

Thickness measurements shall not be taken on cut surfaces or areas less than 10 mm from edges, flame-

cut surfaces or corners (see ISO 14713-2).

NOTE 2 Flame-cutting, laser-cutting and plasma-cutting changes the steel composition and structure in the

zone on and around the cut surface, so that the minimum coating thickness can be more difficult to obtain and

the coating formed can exhibit decreased cohesion/adhesion.

In order to obtain the required coating thicknesses more reliably and to ensure adequate cohesion/

adhesion of the coating, flame-cut, laser-cut and plasma-cut surfaces should have been ground off and

sharp edges should have been removed during fabrication and prior to delivery to the galvanizer. See

also Annex A.2 (b) and ISO 14713-2:2019, 6.6.1.

When the galvanized coating thickness is determined by the magnetic method in accordance with

...