D24.21 - Carbon Black Surface Area and Related Properties

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. An alternative mixing apparatus, Hauschild SpeedMixer3,4 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.  
4.2 CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. An alternative mixing apparatus, Hauschild SpeedMixer3,4 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. An alternative mixing apparatus, Hauschild SpeedMixer3,4 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.  
4.2 CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.  
4.2 CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.  
4.2 CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer4 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer4 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer4 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual standard. Use all SRB HT Iodine Standards for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual standard. Use all SRB HT Iodine Standards for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.  
4.2 CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Hoover Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Hoover Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.  
4.2 CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.Note 1—This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Hoover Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Hoover Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual standard. Use all SRB HT Iodine Standards for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.Note 1—This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Hoover Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Hoover Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2. Wherever required, like in calculations where it is crucial to differentiate between the original ITRB and ITRB2, this will be clearly mentioned in the text of the test procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual standard. Use all SRB HT Iodine Standards for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1—This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.
Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Hoover Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Hoover Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual standard. Use all SRB HT Iodine Standards for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual standard. Use all SRB HT Iodine Standards for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual standard. Use all SRB HT Iodine Standards for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.
CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 Å). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.
CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D 3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Procedure A is the original procedure for this determination.
1.1.2 Procedure B specifies an increased sample mass of carbon black and volume of iodine solution (the ratio is the same as in Procedure A) which results in a simplified formula for the calculation of the iodine number.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8 ) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to measure the total and external surface area of carbon blacks based on multipoint nitrogen adsorption. The NSA measurement is based on the B.E.T. theory and it includes the total surface area, inclusive of micropores, pore diameters less than 2 nm (20 E). The external surface area, based on the statistical thickness method (STSA), is defined as the specific surface area that is accessible to rubber.
CTAB Surface Area (formerly Test Method D 3765) has been withdrawn. The CTAB value may be estimated from the STSA value using Eq 1. The equation is based on a linear regression of the STSA and CTAB measured values of the SRB 5 standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total surface area by the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T. NSA) theory of multilayer gas adsorption behavior using multipoint determinations and the external surface area based on the statistical thickness surface area method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (The minimum safety equipment should include protective gloves, sturdy eye and face protection).

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.
1.1.1 Procedure A is the original procedure for this determination.
1.1.2 Procedure B specifies an increased sample mass of carbon black and volume of iodine solution (the ratio is the same as in Procedure A) which results in a simplified formula for the calculation of the iodine number.
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. New SRB HT Iodine Standards have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. These SRB HT Iodine Standards are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) of testing and for standardization of iodine testing (see Section ) when target values cannot be obtained.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1—This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.
Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Hoover Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. A new mixing apparatus, SpeedMixer3 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Hoover Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.