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ASTM E1696-15(2022)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer

Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Measurements of RI made by this test method, with the 0.2° observation angle, are related to visual observation of raised retroreflective pavement markers at distances of approximately 220 m (720 ft) for cars or approximately 440 m (1440 ft) for trucks when illuminated by tungsten filament light sources such as car headlights.  
5.2 There are some castings that block vehicle illumination of a portion of the marker mounted within it. In this case, measured RI can be significantly lower than when the marker is photometered outside the casting, but will correspond to the visual observation.  
5.3 The test method is not applicable to raised pavement markers mounted in depressions cut into the pavement.  
5.4 The coefficient of luminous intensity of raised retroreflective pavement markers degrades with traffic wear and requires periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient visibility is provided to the driver.  
5.5 The quality of the pavement markers as to materials used, age and wear pattern, will have an effect on the coefficient of (retroreflected) luminous intensity. These conditions need to be observed and noted by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the retroreflective properties of raised retroreflective pavement markers at a prescribed geometry, by means of a portable retroreflectometer that can be used in the field. The measurements can be compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for replacement.  
1.2 The observation angle specified for retroreflectometers in this test method is that currently specified for raised pavement markers in the United States and may differ from the angles used elsewhere. For other jurisdictions, replace the observations angle specified herein with the observation angle specified by the pertinent agency.  
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of raised retroreflective pavement markers but may also be used to measure the performance of new markers before they are placed in the field.  
1.4 This test method covers measurements of raised pavement markers mounted on a road surface or mounted in snow-plowable metal castings.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Sep-2022
ICS
93.080.20 - Road construction materials
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.10 - Retroreflection
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM E1696-15(2022) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable RetroreflectometerASTM E1696-15(2022) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer
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ASTM E1696-15(2022) - Standard Test Method for Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1696 −15 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Field Measurement of Raised Retroreflective Pavement
1
Markers Using a Portable Retroreflectometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the retrore- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
flectivepropertiesofraisedretroreflectivepavementmarkersat E284Terminology of Appearance
a prescribed geometry, by means of a portable retroreflecto- E808Practice for Describing Retroreflection
meter that can be used in the field. The measurements can be E809Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics of
compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for Retroreflectors
replacement.
3. Terminology
1.2 The observation angle specified for retroreflectometers
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology E284 are
in this test method is that currently specified for raised
applicable to this test method. Some terms particular to
pavementmarkersintheUnitedStatesandmaydifferfromthe
retroreflection are defined and illustrated in Practice E808.
angles used elsewhere. For other jurisdictions, replace the
observations angle specified herein with the observation angle
3.2 Definitions:
specified by the pertinent agency. 3.2.1 The delimiting phrase “in retroreflection” applies to
eachofthefollowingdefinitionswhenusedoutsidethecontext
1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field
of this or other retroreflection standards.
measurement of raised retroreflective pavement markers but
3.2.2 coeffıcient of luminous intensity, R , n—of a
I
may also be used to measure the performance of new markers
retroreflector, ratio of the luminous intensity (I) of the retrore-
before they are placed in the field.
flector in the direction of observation to the illuminance (E|nt)
1.4 This test method covers measurements of raised pave-
at the retroreflector on a plane perpendicular to the direction of
−1
ment markers mounted on a road surface or mounted in
incident light, expressed in candelas per lux (cd·lx ).
snow-plowable metal castings.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—When values are low, the coefficient of
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the (retroreflected) luminous intensity may be given in millican-
−1
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information delas per lux (mcd·lx ). R =(I/E|nt).
I
only.
3.2.3 instrument standard, n—a working standard used to
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the standardize the portable retroreflectometer.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.4 portable retroreflectometer—a hand-held instrument
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that can be used in the field or in the laboratory for measure-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ment of retroreflectance.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—In this test method, “portable retrore-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
flectometer”referstoahand-heldinstrumentthatcanbeplaced
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
over a raised retroreflective pavement marker to measure the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
coefficient of luminous intensity with a prescribed geometry.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 This test method involves the use of commercial por-
table retroreflectometers for determining the coefficient of
luminous intensity of pavement markers.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on
2
Retroreflection. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E1696–15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1696-15R22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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