ASTM D4878-03

Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Polyols

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are suitable for research or as quality control or specification tests.  
Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosities of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPas(cP) at 25°C or at 50°C. Test Method A also applies to more viscous samples that are soluble in n-butyl acetate. Test Method B is simply a reference to a general procedure for kinematic viscosity, D 445. (See Note 1.)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of current common usage.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard for Test Method A although ISO 3219 is similar. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2003
• ICS: 83.040.30 - Auxiliary materials and additives for plastics
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.22 - Cellular Materials - Plastics and Elastomers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4878-98 - Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials Determination of Viscosity of Polyols
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4878-08 - Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Polyols
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 4878–03
Standard Test Methods for
Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of
1
Polyols
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4878; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 These test methods (A and B) determine the viscosities 3.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see
of polyols in the range from 10 to 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 25°C Terminology D 883.
orat50°C.TestMethodAalsoappliestomoreviscoussamples
4. Significance and Use
that are soluble in n-butyl acetate. Test Method B is simply a
reference to a general procedure for kinematic viscosity, 4.1 Thesetestmethodsaresuitableforresearchorasquality
control or specification tests.
D 445. (See Note 1.)
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.2 Viscosity measures the resistance of a fluid to uniformly
continuous flow without turbulence or other forces.
standard. Other equivalent units are provided because of
current common usage.
5. Sampling
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 Polyesters and polyethers usually contain molecules
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
covering an appreciable range of molecular weights. These
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
have a tendency to fractionate during solidification. Unless the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
material is a finely ground solid it is necessary to melt (using
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
no higher temperature than necessary) and mix the resin well
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard for Test Method A
before removing a sample for analysis. Many polyols are
although ISO 3219 is similar. Test Method B is equivalent to ISO 3104.
hygroscopic and care should be taken to provide minimum
2. Referenced Documents exposure to atmospheric moisture during the sampling.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
TEST METHOD A—BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
6. Summary of Test Method
Viscosity)
6.1 The viscosity of resins is measured by determining the
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
torque on a spindle rotating at constant speed in the liquid
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
sample which is adjusted to 25 6 0.1°C. Samples with viscosi-
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
ties exceeding 100 000 mPa·s(cP) at 50°C are dissolved in
ISO 3104
n-butyl acetate (or other solvent) and the viscosity is deter-
ISO 3219
mined at 25 6 0.1°C.
7. Apparatus
1
7.1 Constant-Temperature Bath, capable of maintaining
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular
temperatures of 25 6 0.1°C and 50 6 0.1°C should be used.
Plastics.
Water, water and glycerin, or oil may be used as the heating
Current edition approved November 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally
medium and the bath should be provided with heating, stirring,
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 4878 - 98.
2
and thermostating devices.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.2 Bath and Sample Thermometers, graduated in 0.1°C
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
subdivisions and standardized for the range of use to the
the ASTM website.
3
nearest 0.01°C. ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers hav-
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. ing ranges from 19 to 27°C and 49 to 57°C, as specified, and
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 4878–03
TABLE 1 Correction Factors Corresponding to Various
conforming to the requirements for Thermometers 17C and
Combinations of Spindles and Rotational Speeds
19C, respectively, as prescribed in Specification E 1 are rec-
Spindle
ommended.
Model Correction Factors
Number
4
7.3 Brookfield Synchrolectric Viscometer —Model LVF
Rotational speed, r/min 6 12 30 60
with speeds of 60, 30, 12, and 6 r/min is to be used when
LVF 1 2 1 0.4 0.2
available. It is applicable to the range of 10 to 100 000
2 10 521
mPa·s(cP). If this model is not available, Model RVF or HAF
340 20 8 4
may be substituted.
...