ASTM C1242-16
(Guide)Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment Systems
Standard Guide for Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone Attachment Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used by architects, engineers, and contractors who either design or install exterior stone cladding for architectural structures.
4.2 This guide is an industry standard for engineering design considerations, documentation, material considerations, anchor type applications, and installation workmanship to assist designers and installers to achieve a proper and durable stone cladding.
4.3 Stone and its support systems are part of a building's skin and shall be compatible with the behavior and performance of other interfacing systems, such as the curtainwall and superstructure frame.
4.3.1 Every stone work application shall comply with applicable building codes.
4.3.2 It is not the intent of this Guide to supersede published recommendations for specific stone types. Provisions of other dimension stone industry publications should be reviewed and considered in addition to this Guide's recommendations. All industry information should be considered with respect to project specifications and requirements. If provisions of such publications differ from those in this Guide, it is acceptable practice to follow the publication's provisions if recommended by the stone specialist defined in 4.4 for the specific conditions of the individual project.
4.3.3 Because stone properties vary, the range and variability of pertinent properties of the stone proposed for use should be determined by testing and statistical methods that are evaluated using sound engineering principles. Use recent test data where applicable. Always reference proven performance of relevant existing structures.
4.3.4 Changes in properties over time shall be considered.
4.3.5 Overall behaviors of all building systems and components including the stone shall be interactively compatible.
4.4 Stone Specialist—Some conditions require professional expertise to select and plan a proper anchoring system, establish appropriate testing requirements, interpret tests,...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchoring systems and discusses the design principles to be considered in selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity loads and applied loads.
1.2 This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those design considerations.
1.3 This guide pertains to:
1.3.1 The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building structure for support,
1.3.2 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components after these support systems are attached to the building structure,
1.3.3 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled before these support systems are attached to the building structure, and
1.3.4 The supervision and inspection of fabrication and installation of the above.
1.4 Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommendations of the manufacturers, and standards governing interfacing work.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. (A) This stone type is a subclassification.(B) This stone type has subclassifications or grades.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Tables 1 and 2.)
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Designation: C1242 − 16
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone
1
Attachment Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Natural building stone is chosen as a building’s cladding for its beauty which endures with minimal
maintenance. Stone is durable when used properly. Exercising good judgment when selecting the
particular stone, determining the quarrying and fabrication techniques, designing the method of
attachment, and installing all components correctly maximizes these benefits. A properly executed
stonecladdingisdesignedandinstalledwithinthecapabilitiesandlimitationsofthestoneandsupport
system to resist all forces that work on them.
This guide presents design principles that require consideration when designing anchorages and
evaluating exterior stone to be compatible with its proposed use. It is an overview of current
techniques and a review of minimum requirements for sound stone engineering and construction. The
guide does not list all possible methods of attachment nor does it provide a step-by-step procedure for
stone anchor engineering. Knowledge gained from new engineering designs, testing of applications,
and the investigation of existing problems are continually reviewed to update this guide. Comment
from users is encouraged.
Good judgment by architects, engineers, and contractors when specifying, designing, engineering,
and constructing stone and other work that interfaces stone is necessary to use this guide. Users of this
guide should combine known performance characteristics of the stone, the building’s structural
behavior, and knowledge of materials and construction methods with proven engineering practice.
1. Scope 1.3.1 The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building
structure for support,
1.1 This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchor-
1.3.2 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to
ing systems and discusses the design principles to be consid-
curtainwall components after these support systems are at-
ered in selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity
tached to the building structure,
loads and applied loads.
1.3.3 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to
1.2 This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design
curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled
of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those
before these support systems are attached to the building
design considerations.
structure, and
1.3 This guide pertains to: 1.3.4 The supervision and inspection of fabrication and
installation of the above.
1.4 Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommen-
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension
dations of the manufacturers, and standards governing inter-
Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.06 on Attachment
Components and Systems. facing work.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1242 – 15a. DOI:
10.1520/C1242-16. as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1242 − 16
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
and are not considered standard. C170 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension
Stone
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C406 Specification for Roofing Slate
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Portland Cement Paste
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C503 Specification for Marble Dimension Stone
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See Tables 1 and
C509 Specification for Elastomeric Cellular Preformed Gas-
2.)
ket and Sealing Material
2. Referenced Documents
C568 Specification for Limestone Dimension Stone
2
C615 Specification for Granite Dimension Stone
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C616 Specification for Quartz-Based Dimension Stone
C97 Test Methods forAbsorption and Bulk Specific Gravity
C629 Specification for Slate Dimension Stone
of Dimension Stone
C864 SpecificationforDenseElastomericCompressionSeal
C99 Test Method f
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1242 − 15a C1242 − 16
Standard Guide for
Selection, Design, and Installation of Dimension Stone
1
Attachment Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Natural building stone is chosen as a building’s cladding for its beauty which endures with minimal
maintenance. Stone is durable when used properly. Exercising good judgment when selecting the
particular stone, determining the quarrying and fabrication techniques, designing the method of
attachment, and installing all components correctly maximizes these benefits. A properly executed
stone cladding is designed and installed within the capabilities and limitations of the stone and support
system to resist all forces that work on them.
This guide presents design principles that require consideration when designing anchorages and
evaluating exterior stone to be compatible with its proposed use. It is an overview of current
techniques and a review of minimum requirements for sound stone engineering and construction. The
guide does not list all possible methods of attachment nor does it provide a step-by-step procedure for
stone anchor engineering. Knowledge gained from new engineering designs, testing of applications,
and the investigation of existing problems are continually reviewed to update this guide. Comment
from users is encouraged.
Good judgment by architects, engineers, and contractors when specifying, designing, engineering,
and constructing stone and other work that interfaces stone is necessary to use this guide. Users of this
guide should combine known performance characteristics of the stone, the building’s structural
behavior, and knowledge of materials and construction methods with proven engineering practice.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers the categories of anchors and anchoring systems and discusses the design principles to be considered in
selecting anchors or systems that will resist gravity loads and applied loads.
1.2 This guide sets forth basic requirements for the design of stone anchorage and provides a practical checklist of those design
considerations.
1.3 This guide pertains to:
1.3.1 The anchoring of stone panels directly to the building structure for support,
1.3.2 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components after these support systems are attached to the
building structure,
1.3.3 The anchoring of stone panels to subframes or to curtainwall components with stone cladding preassembled before these
support systems are attached to the building structure, and
1.3.4 The supervision and inspection of fabrication and installation of the above.
1.4 Observe all applicable regulations, specific recommendations of the manufacturers, and standards governing interfacing
work.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.06 on Attachment Components
and Systems.
Current edition approved July 15, 2015Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2015November 2016. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015
as C1242 – 15.C1242 – 15a. DOI: 10.1520/C1242-15A.10.1520/C1242-16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1242 − 16
FIG. 1 Kerf Anchor
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (See Tables 1 and 2.)
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone
C99 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
C170 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Dimension Stone
C406 Specification for Roofing Slate
C482 Test Method for Bond Strength o
...
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