ASTM D2419-22

Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of clay-like material present in the test specimen.  
5.2 A minimum sand equivalent value may be specified to limit the permissible quantity of clay-like or clay-size fines in an aggregate.  
5.3 This test method provides a rapid field method for determining changes in the quality of aggregates during production or placement.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate, under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-size or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates that pass the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equivalent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and some fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand-size particles, and generally undesirable clay or plastic fines and dust.  
Note 1: For fine aggregates containing clean dust of fracture (clay-size particles that are not clay minerals), test results will depend on the amount of fines present in the material. In this case, other tests such as Methylene Blue Value (AASHTO T 330) or X-ray diffraction (XRD) may be needed to determine if the fines are deleterious.
Note 2: Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size smaller than the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping the clay-size or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm (No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower the numerical results of the test.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11 subsection 1.3, “the values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the wire diameter used in the sieve cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames, pans, and covers.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2022
• ICS: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
• Technical Committee: D04 - Road and Paving Materials
• Drafting Committee: D04.51 - Aggregate Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2419 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to indicate,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-size
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine aggregates
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
that pass the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equiva-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
lent” expresses the concept that most granular soils and some
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles,
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sand-size particles, and generally undesirable clay or plastic
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fines and dust.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE1—Forfineaggregatescontainingcleandustoffracture(clay-size
particles that are not clay minerals), test results will depend on the amount
2. Referenced Documents
of fines present in the material. In this case, other tests such as Methylene
2
Blue Value (AASHTO T 330) or X-ray diffraction (XRD) may be needed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to determine if the fines are deleterious.
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
NOTE 2—Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
smaller than the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.This is done to avoid trapping the
C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate
clay-size or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm
to Testing Size
(No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower
the numerical results of the test.
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Fluids
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agen-
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
and are not considered standard.
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.2.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11 subsection
Sieves
1.3, “the values stated in SI units shall be considered standard
3
for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the wire
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
diameter used in the sieve cloth. The values stated in inch-
T 176 Standard Method of Test for Plastic Fines in Graded
pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the
Aggregates and Soils by Use of Sand Equivalent Test
sieve frames, pans, and covers.” When sieve mesh sizes are
referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided
3. Terminology
for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
3.1.1 clay size—that portion of the soil or aggregate finer
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
than 0.002 mm (0.005 mm in some cases) (see Terminology
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
D653).
as requirements of the standard.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Aggregate Tests. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D2419
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2419 − 14 D2419 − 22
Standard Test Method for
1
Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a rapid field-correlation field correlation test. The purpose of this test method is to
indicate, under standard conditions, the relative proportions of clay-size or plastic fines and dust in granular soils and fine
aggregates that pass the 4.75-mm 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. The term “sand equivalent” expresses the concept that most granular soils
and some fine aggregates are mixtures of desirable coarse particles, sand-size particles, and generally undesirable clay or plastic
fines and dust.
NOTE 1—For fine aggregates containing clean dust of fracture (clay-size particles that are not clay minerals), test results will depend on the amount of
fines present in the material. In this case, other tests such as Methylene Blue Value (AASHTO T330) or X-Ray DiffractionT 330) or X-ray diffraction
(XRD) may be needed to determine if the fines are deleterious.
NOTE 2—Some agencies perform the test on material with a top size smaller than the 4.75-mm 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve. This is done to avoid trapping
the clay-size or plastic fines and dust below flaky shaped 4.75 to 2.36 mm (No. 4 to 8) sized particles. Testing smaller top sized material may lower the
numerical results of the test.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11 Section 1.2,subsection 1.3, “the values stated in SI units shall be considered standard
for the dimensions of the wiresieve cloth openings and the diameter of the wires wire diameter used in the wiresieve cloth. The
values stated in inchpoundinch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” frames, pans, and
covers.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and
enclosed in parentheses.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Aggregate
Tests.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014Sept. 15, 2022. Published September 2014September 2022. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20092014
as D2419 – 09.D2419 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D2419-14.10.1520/D2419-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2419 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements
D75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3
2
...