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ASTM E1574-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces

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1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodology used in the measurement of building interior sound levels.
1.2 This test method describes procedures for measuring sound in enclosed residential spaces produced by built-in utilities and major appliances such as plumbing, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, and dish washers. The measured values may then be used to assess compliance, design, or habitation suitability.
1.3 This test method does not promulgate or recommend acoustical criteria.
1.4 This test method is not intended for obtaining data to evaluate indoor environments for:
1.4.1 Commercial activities such as studios, communication centers, hospitals, and auditoria, and
1.4.2 Effects from exterior sources such as aircraft, railroad operations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire, etc.
1.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating sound transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, or any other acoustical aspects of the space or structure.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-1998
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.08 - Mechanical and Electrical System Noise
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1574-98(2006) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces
Effective Date
01-Apr-2006
Referred By
ASTM C634-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
10-Sep-1998

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ASTM E1574-98 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E 1574–98
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Analog and Digital Filters
S1.40 Specification for Acoustical Calibrators
1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodology
used in the measurement of building interior sound levels.
3. Terminology
1.2 This test method describes procedures for measuring
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of acoustical terms used in
sound in enclosed residential spaces produced by built-in
this standard see Terminology C 634.
utilities and major appliances such as plumbing, heating,
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ventilating, air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, and dish
3.2.1 background noise—to include sound propagating to
washers. The measured values may then be used to assess
the measurement space from sources which are not under
compliance, design, or habitation suitability.
controloftheproprietororoccupantofthemeasurementspace.
1.3 This test method does not promulgate or recommend
See Terminology C 634.
acoustical criteria.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Examples include external utilities,
1.4 This test method is not intended for obtaining data to
traffic, and activity in adjacent residences.
evaluate indoor environments for:
3.2.2 highest transient sound—a sound characterized by a
1.4.1 Commercial activities such as studios, communication
brief excursion of pressure level which exceeds the ambient or
centers, hospitals, and auditoria, and
steady sound.
1.4.2 Effects from exterior sources such as aircraft, railroad
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The transient sound may be accompa-
operations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire,
nied by steady sound; for example, flushing of toilets or
etc.
furnace start-up. The highest transient sound is the maximum
1.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating sound
excursion of the sound product by the source of interest during
transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, or any other
the source on-off cycle.
acoustical aspects of the space or structure.
3.2.3 measurement space—residential spaces with a defined
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
boundary, usually a room or hallway, in which acoustical data
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are to be acquired. Although the space may have a defined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
boundary, it does not have to be an enclosing boundary.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Forexample;anL-shapedlivingroom/
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
diningroomwouldbeconsideredtwospaces—livingroomand
2. Referenced Documents dining room.
3.2.4 source of interest—a source which is part of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 residence and which propagates sound into the measurement
C 634 Terminology Relating to Environmental Acoustics
space.
2.2 ANSI Standards:
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Typical sources of interest are built-in
S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
utilities such as plumbing, heating, ventilating, air-
S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave
conditioning systems, and major appliances.
3.2.5 source sound—the sound pressure level at a point
produced solely by the source of interest.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-33 on
3.2.6 steady sound—a sound whose pressure level remains
EnvironmentalAcousticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE33.08on
substantially constant during the period of observation when
Mechanical and Electrical System Noise.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published March 1999. Originally
measured with the slow setting on the sound level meter.
published as E 1574 – 94. Last previous edition E 1574 – 95.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Examples are a forced air blower and a
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.06.
water pump.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1574
4. Summary of Test Method than 2 m where the measurement shall be at a location
equidistant from the closest opposing walls. If the source of
4.1 This test method is a procedure for quantifying the
interest (built-in utility or appliance) protrudes from the
sound from sources identified as the cause or potential cause of
extended surface, the measurement shall not be made closer
noise complaints in residential spaces.
than 1 m from the source.
4.2 The sound generated by the source of interest may be
7.3 The reported measurement shall be made at the location
steady, transient, or a mixture of the two. For each source of
within each measurement space that meets the above require-
interest the steady sound and the highest transient sound are
ment and produces the highest sound level during the survey.
measured.
7.4 The measurements shall be made with the minimum
4.2.1 Steady Sound— The measurement space is surveyed
number of people in the measurement space. Personnel shall
and the point at which the highest utilities-generated
not occupy the direct line of sight between the source of
A-weighted, slow response sound level occurs is located (see
interest and the sound level meter.
9.1).TheoctavebandandA-weightedsoundlevelsatthispoint
are measured and reported.
8. Instrumentation
4.2.2 Highest Transient Sound—The highest utilities-
8.1 The sound measurement system shall meet the require-
generatedA-weighted, fast response sound level is measured at
ments of ANSI S1.4 for Type 1 sound level meters.
the center of each measurement space and reported.
8.2 Octave band or fractional band filters shall meet the
4.2.3 These procedures are repeated in all measurement
requirement of ANSI S1.11, Type 2, Order 3, or higher. If
spaces and for all sources, or combination of sources, of
16 000 Hz measurements are to be made, a Type 1 filter must
interest.
be used.
8.3 Acoustic calibrators shall meet the requirements of
5. Significance and Use
ANSI S1.40.
5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are
8.4 If measurements are to be made in a stream of moving
made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured
air such as generated by a forced air heating system or air
according to this test method should be representative for that
conditioner, place a windscreen over the microphone. The
installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption
motion of air over the microphone of the sound level meter can
actually, permanently present.
cause local air turbulence noise at the microphone. The meter
5.2 The test method has the following limitations:
will respond to this turbulence noise and produce an erroneous
5.2.1 The test method produces sound data which may be
reading. Placing a windscreen over the microphone will reduce
compared with applicable criteria or limits only if they are in
this local turbulence.
terms of the quantities measured in this test method.
NOTE 2—A windscreen having a diameter of at least 7 cm is recom-
5.2.2 The test method does not quantify certain subjective
mended.
aspects of the sound environment that may be objectionable.
These include pure tones, spectral content, and temporal
9. Measurement Procedures
distribution.
9.1 Determining the Location of Sound Level Maximum—
Survey each measurement space of interest to find the location
6. Measurement Space
of the maximum A-weighted, slow response sound level
6.1 The measurement space shall be any space, individual
produced by each sound source or combination of sources of
room, or enclosed portions of the residential space that are
interest. Walk slowly and quietly, first at 1 m from the inside
intended to be occupied by people.
boundaryofthespace,thenatconcentricpathsabout1mapart,
while observing the sound levels. Note the location and sound
NOTE 1—Examples of spaces expected to be measured are bedrooms,
living rooms, kitchens, and finished basements. Examples of spaces that level in the space where the level is the highest.
are not expected to be measured are utility closets, closets, and carports.
NOTE 3—An alternate method is to measure and record at fixed
Examples of spaces that may or may not be measured are garages,
intervals such as 1 m, then note the highest level.
unfinished basements, and hallways.
9.2 Measurement Procedure for Steady Sound—In each
6.2 For new construction, the measurements shall be made
measurement space, repeat the following procedure for each
with the space configured in the completed, but unfurnished,
source or combination of sources of interest:
state.
9.2.1 Place the microphone in the measurement spac
...

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5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured according to this test method should be representative for that installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption actually, permanently present.  
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5.1 The acoustical impedance properties of a sound absorptive material are related to its physical properties, such as airflow resistance, porosity, elasticity, and density. As such, the measurements described in this test method are useful in basic research and product development of sound absorptive materials.  
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5.3 Estimates of the random incidence or statistical absorption coefficients for materials can be obtained from normal incidence impedance data. For materials that are locally reacting, that is, without sound propagation inside the material parallel to its surface, statistical absorption coefficients can be estimated from specific normal acoustic impedance values using an expression derived by London (1).5 Locally reacting materials include those with high internal losses parallel with the surface such as porous or fibrous materials of high density or materials that are backed by partitioned cavities such as a honeycomb core. Formulas for estimating random incidence sound absorption properties for both locally and bulk-reacting materials, as well as for multilayer systems with and without air spaces have also been developed (2).
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E492-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies Using the Tapping Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
5.1.1 The size and the mechanical properties of the floor-ceiling assembly, such as its construction, surface, mounting or edge restraints, stiffness, or internal damping,  
5.1.2 The acoustical response of the room below,  
5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C634-22(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Each Standard:  
3.2.1 As indicated in Section 4, terms and their definitions are intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of the building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2.2 A specific definition of a given term is applicable to the standard or standards in which the term is described and used.  
3.2.3 Different definitions of the same term are acceptable provided each one is consistent with and is not in conflict with the standard definition for the same term, that is, the general concept the term describes.  
3.2.4 If a standard under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 specially defines a term, i.e. provides a definition different in any way from what is given in Section 4 of Terminology C634, that standard shall list the term and its description under the subheading, Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—The mandatory language of section 3.2.4 is consistent with the mandatory language from §E2 of Form and Style for ASTM Standards (April 2020) and with the ASTM Committee E33 bylaws in place when this standard was published; it reflects a situation that exists, it does not prescribe anything.  
3.3 Definitions for some terms associated with building and environmental acoustic issues and not included in Terminology C634 are found in ISO/TR 25417 or IEEE P260.4. When discrepancies exist, the definition in Terminology C634 shall prevail.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
1.2 This building and environmental acoustics standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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