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ASTM E1574-98(2023)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces

Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured according to this test method should be representative for that installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption actually, permanently present.  
5.2 The test method has the following limitations:  
5.2.1 The test method produces sound data which may be compared with applicable criteria or limits only if they are in terms of the quantities measured in this test method.  
5.2.2 The test method does not quantify certain subjective aspects of the sound environment that may be objectionable. These include pure tones, spectral content, and temporal distribution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodology used in the measurement of building interior sound levels.  
1.2 This test method describes procedures for measuring sound in enclosed residential spaces produced by built-in utilities and major appliances such as plumbing, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, and dish washers. The measured values may then be used to assess compliance, design, or habitation suitability.  
1.3 This test method does not promulgate or recommend acoustical criteria.  
1.4 This test method is not intended for obtaining data to evaluate indoor environments for:  
1.4.1 Commercial activities such as studios, communication centers, hospitals, and auditoria, and  
1.4.2 Effects from exterior sources such as aircraft, railroad operations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire, etc.  
1.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating sound transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, or any other acoustical aspects of the space or structure.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2022
ICS
91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
Technical Committee
E33 - Building and Environmental Acoustics
Drafting Committee
E33.08 - Mechanical and Electrical System Noise
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E177-14 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Refers
ASTM C634-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2013
Refers
ASTM E177-13 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Refers
ASTM C634-11 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Refers
ASTM E177-10 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Oct-2010
Refers
ASTM C634-10a - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2010
Refers
ASTM C634-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Refers
ASTM C634-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009
Refers
ASTM E177-08 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Refers
ASTM C634-08a - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Refers
ASTM C634-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental Acoustics
Effective Date
15-Mar-2008
Refers
ASTM E177-06b - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
15-Nov-2006
Refers
ASTM E177-06a - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Refers
ASTM E177-04 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Refers
ASTM E177-04e1 - Standard Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004

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ASTM E1574-98(2023) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential SpacesASTM E1574-98(2023) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces
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ASTM E1574-98(2023) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1574 − 98 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of Sound in Residential Spaces
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method provides guidance to the methodology 2.1 ASTM Standards:
used in the measurement of building interior sound levels. C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
Acoustics
1.2 This test method describes procedures for measuring
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
sound in enclosed residential spaces produced by built-in
ASTM Test Methods
utilities and major appliances such as plumbing, heating,
2.2 ANSI Standards:
ventilating, air-conditioning systems, refrigerators, and dish
S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters
washers. The measured values may then be used to assess
S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave
compliance, design, or habitation suitability.
Analog and Digital Filters
1.3 This test method does not promulgate or recommend
S1.40 Specification for Acoustical Calibrators
acoustical criteria.
3. Terminology
1.4 This test method is not intended for obtaining data to
evaluate indoor environments for: 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of acoustical terms used in
this standard see Terminology C634.
1.4.1 Commercial activities such as studios, communication
centers, hospitals, and auditoria, and
3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4.2 Effects from exterior sources such as aircraft, railroad
3.2.1 background noise—to include sound propagating to
operations, motor vehicles, mining operation, weapons fire,
the measurement space from sources which are not under
etc.
control of the proprietor or occupant of the measurement space.
See Terminology C634.
1.5 This test method is not intended for evaluating sound
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Examples include external utilities,
transmission loss, sound absorption coefficient, or any other
traffic, and activity in adjacent residences.
acoustical aspects of the space or structure.
3.2.2 highest transient sound—a sound characterized by a
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
brief excursion of pressure level which exceeds the ambient or
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
steady sound.
standard.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The transient sound may be accompa-
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nied by steady sound; for example, flushing of toilets or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
furnace start-up. The highest transient sound is the maximum
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
excursion of the sound product by the source of interest during
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the source on-off cycle.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3 measurement space—residential spaces with a defined
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
boundary, usually a room or hallway, in which acoustical data
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
are to be acquired. Although the space may have a defined
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
boundary, it does not have to be an enclosing boundary.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.3.1 Discussion—For example; an L-shaped living room/
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dining room would be considered two spaces—living room and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
dining room.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33 on Building For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
E33.08 on Mechanical and Electrical System Noise. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2023. Published February 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1574 – 98 (2014). Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
DOI: 10.1520/E1574-98R23. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1574 − 98 (2023)
unfinished basements, and hallways.
3.2.4 source of interest—a source which is part of the
residence and which propagates sound into the measurement
6.2 For new construction, the measurements shall be made
space.
with the space configured in the completed, but unfurnished,
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Typical sources of interest are built-in
state.
utilities such as plumbing, heating, ventilating, air-
6.3 For currently inhabited spaces, the measurements shall
conditioning systems, and major appliances.
be made as furnished.
3.2.5 source sound—the sound pressure level at a point
6.4 Absorptive material shall not be added to the space
produced solely by the source of interest.
solely for the purpose of influencing the measurements.
3.2.6 steady sound—a sound whose pressure level remains
substantially constant during the period of observation when
7. Measurement Location
measured with the slow setting on the sound level meter.
7.1 The microphone height shall be between 1.1 and 1.3 m
3.2.6.1 Discussion—Examples are a forced air blower and a
above the floor, the approximate average of the sleeping,
water pump.
standing, and seated ear heights of an individual.
4. Summary of Test Method
7.2 The microphone shall be located no closer than 1 m to
any wall or other extended surface, except in spaces narrower
4.1 This test method is a procedure for quantifying the
than 2 m where the measurement shall be at a location
sound from sources identified as the cause or potential cause of
equidistant from the closest opposing walls. If the source of
noise complaints in residential spaces.
interest (built-in utility or appliance) protrudes from the
4.2 The sound generated by the source of interest may be
extended surface, the measurement shall not be made closer
steady, transient, or a mixture of the two. For each source of
than 1 m from the source.
interest the steady sound and the highest transient sound are
7.3 The reported measurement shall be made at the location
measured.
within each measurement space that meets the above require-
4.2.1 Steady Sound—The measurement space is surveyed
ment and produces the highest sound level during the survey.
and the point at which the highest utilities-generated
A-weighted, slow response sound level occurs is located (see 7.4 The measurements shall be made with the minimum
9.1). The octave band and A-weighted sound levels at this point
number of people in the measurement space. Personnel shall
are measured and reported. not occupy the direct line of sight between the source of
4.2.2 Highest Transient Sound—The highest utilities-
interest and the sound level meter.
generated A-weighted, fast response sound level is measured at
8. Instrumentation
the center of each measurement space and reported.
4.2.3 These procedures are repeated in all measurement
8.1 The sound measurement system shall meet the require-
spaces and for all sources, or combination of sources, of
ments of ANSI S1.4 for Type 1 sound level meters.
interest.
8.2 Octave band or fractional band filters shall meet the
requirement of ANSI S1.11, Type 2, Order 3, or higher. If
5. Significance and Use
16 000 Hz measurements are to be made, a Type 1 filter must
5.1 This is an in situ method, that is, the measurements are
be used.
made at the actual installation. The sound levels measured
8.3 Acoustic calibrators shall meet the requirements of
according to this test method should be representative for that
ANSI S1.40.
installation and for the quantity of acoustical absorption
actually, permanently present.
8.4 If measurements are to be made in a stream of moving
air such as generated by a forced air heating system or air
5.2 The test method has the following limitations:
conditioner, place a windscreen over the microphone. The
5.2.1 The test method produces sound data which may be
motion of air over the microphone of the sound level meter can
compared with applicable criteria or limits only if they are in
cause local air turbulence noise at the microphone. The meter
terms of the quantities measured in this test method.
will respond to this turbulence noise and produce an erroneous
5.2.2 The test method does not quantify certain subjective
reading. Placing a windscreen over the microphone will reduce
aspects of the sound environment that may be objectionable.
this local turbulence.
These include pure tones, spectral content, and temporal
distribution.
NOTE 2—A windscreen having a diameter of at least 7 cm is recom-
mended.
6. Measurement Space
9. Measurement Procedures
6.1 The measurement space shall be any space, individual
9.1 Determining the Location of Sound Level Maximum—
room, or enclosed portions of the residential space that are
Survey each measurement space of interest to find the location
intended to be occupied by people.
of the maximum A-weighted, slow response sound le
...

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5.1 Sound transmission loss as defined in Terminology C634, refers to the response of specimens exposed to a diffuse incident sound field, and this is the test condition approached by this laboratory test method. The test results are therefore most directly relevant to the performance of similar specimens exposed to similar sound fields. They provide, however, a useful general measure of performance for the variety of sound fields to which a partition or element may typically be exposed.  
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3.1 Definitions—Terms and related definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to Each Standard:  
3.2.1 As indicated in Section 4, terms and their definitions are intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of the building and environmental acoustic test standards in which they appear.  
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1.1 This terminology covers terms, related definitions, and descriptions of terms used or likely to be used in building and environmental acoustics standards. Definitions of terms are special-purpose definitions that are consistent with the standard definitions but are written to ensure that a specific building and environmental acoustics standard is properly understood and precisely interpreted. The primary focus of this document is upon terms, definitions and descriptions found within standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E33; however, terms, definitions and descriptions that are of general interest to the field of acoustics are also included.  
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5.1 The spectrum of the noise in the room below the test specimen is determined by the following:  
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5.1.3 The placement of the object or device producing the impacts, and  
5.1.4 The nature of the actual impact itself.  
5.2 This test method is based on the use of a standardized tapping machine of the type specified in 8.1 placed in specific positions on the floor. This machine produces a continuous series of uniform impacts at a uniform rate on a test floor and generates in the receiving room broadband sound pressure levels that are sufficiently high to make measurements possible beneath most floor types even in the presence of background noise. The tapping machine itself, however, is not designed to simulate any one type of impact, such as produced by male or female footsteps.  
5.3 Because of its portable design, the tapping machine does not simulate the weight of a human walker. Therefore, the structural sounds, i.e., creaks or booms of a floor assembly caused by such footstep excitation is not reflected in the single number impact rating derived from test results obtained by this test method. The degree of correlation between the results of tapping machine tests in the laboratory and the subjective acceptance of floors under typical conditions of domestic impact excitation is uncertain. The correlation will depend on both the type of floor construction and the nature of the impact excitation in the building.  
5.4 In laboratories designed to satisfy the requirements of this test method, the intent is that only significant path for sound transmission between the rooms is through the test specimen. This is not generally the case in buildings where there are often many other paths for sounds— flanking sound transmission. Consequently so...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory measurement of impact sound transmission of floor-ceiling assemblies using a standardized tapping machine. It is assumed that the test specimen constitutes the primary sound transmission path into a receiving room located directly below and that a good approximation to a diffuse sound field exists in this room.  
1.2 Measurements may be conducted on floor-ceiling assemblies of all kinds, including those with floating-floor or suspended ceiling elements, or both, and floor-ceiling assemblies surfaced with any type of floor-surfacing or floor-covering materials.  
1.3 This test method prescribes a uniform procedure for reporting laboratory test data, that is, the normalized one-third octave band sound pressure levels transmitted by the floor-ceiling assembly due to the tapping machine.  
1.4 Laboratory Accreditation—The requirements for accrediting a laboratory for performing this test method are given in Annex A2.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C384-04(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by Impedance Tube Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The acoustical impedance properties of a sound absorptive material are related to its physical properties, such as airflow resistance, porosity, elasticity, and density. As such, the measurements described in this test method are useful in basic research and product development of sound absorptive materials.  
5.2 Normal incidence sound absorption coefficients are more useful than random incidence coefficients in certain situations. They are used, for example, to predict the effect of placing material in a small enclosed space, such as inside a machine.  
5.3 Estimates of the random incidence or statistical absorption coefficients for materials can be obtained from normal incidence impedance data. For materials that are locally reacting, that is, without sound propagation inside the material parallel to its surface, statistical absorption coefficients can be estimated from specific normal acoustic impedance values using an expression derived by London (1).5 Locally reacting materials include those with high internal losses parallel with the surface such as porous or fibrous materials of high density or materials that are backed by partitioned cavities such as a honeycomb core. Formulas for estimating random incidence sound absorption properties for both locally and bulk-reacting materials, as well as for multilayer systems with and without air spaces have also been developed (2).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of an impedance tube, alternatively called a standing wave apparatus, for the measurement of impedance ratios and the normal incidence sound absorption coefficients of acoustical materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C522-03(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Airflow Resistance of Acoustical Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The specific airflow resistance of an acoustical material is one of the properties that determine its sound-absorptive and sound-transmitting properties. Measurement of specific airflow resistance is useful during product development, for quality control during manufacture, and for specification purposes.  
5.2 Valid measurements are made only in the region of laminar airflow where, aside from random measurement errors, the airflow resistance (R = P/U) is constant. When the airflow is turbulent, the apparent airflow resistance increases with an increase of volume velocity and the term “airflow resistance” does not apply.  
5.3 The specific airflow resistance measured by this test method may differ from the specific resistance measured by the impedance tube method in Test Method E384 for two reasons. In the presence of sound, the particle velocity inside a porous material is alternating while in this test method, the velocity is constant and in one direction only. Also, the particle velocity inside a porous material is not the same as the linear velocity measured outside the specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of airflow resistance and the related measurements of specific airflow resistance and airflow resistivity of porous materials that can be used for the absorption and attenuation of sound. Materials cover a range from thick boards or blankets to thin mats, fabrics, papers, and screens. When the material is anisotropic, provision is made for measurements along different axes of the specimen.  
1.2 This test method is designed for the measurement of values of specific airflow resistance ranging from 100 to 10 000 mks rayls (Pa·s/m) with linear airflow velocities ranging from 0.5 mm/s to 50 mm/s and pressure differences across the specimen ranging from 0.1 Pa to 250 Pa. The upper limit of this range of linear airflow velocities is a point at which the airflow through most porous materials is in partial or complete transition from laminar to turbulent flow.  
1.3 A procedure for accrediting a laboratory for the purposes of this test method is given in Annex A1.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Table 1 is provided for user to convert into cgs units.    
cgs acoustic ohm  
mks acoustic ohm (Pa·s/m3)  
105  
cgs rayl  
mks rayl (Pa·s/m)  
10    
cgs rayl/cm  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
103  
cgs rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
394  
mks rayl/in.  
mks rayl/m (Pa·s/m2)  
39.4  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1042-22(Classification)
Standard Classification for Acoustically Absorptive Materials Applied by Trowel or Spray

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Acoustically absorptive materials are used for the control of reverberation and echoes in rooms. This standard provides a classification method for acoustically absorptive materials applied directly to surfaces by trowel or by spray.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers materials applied by trowel or spray to surfaces for the purpose of increasing their acoustical absorption.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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