ASTM D2414-12

Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds containing the carbon black.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil absorption number of carbon black.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2012
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.11 - Carbon Black Structure

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2414-11 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black<span class='unicode'>&#x2014;</span>Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Replaced By: ASTM D2414-13 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black&mdash;Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D7849-23 - Standard Classification for Nomenclature of Reference Materials of Committee D24
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D1765-23a - Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D6915-23 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Evaluation of Standard Reference Blacks
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4821-20 - Standard Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D3493-21 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D7854-21 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D3053-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4122-17(2023) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Evaluation of an Industry Reference Black
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5817-20 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2414 − 12
StandardTest Method for
1
Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope viscosity. This increased viscosity is transmitted to the torque-
sensingsystemoftheabsorptometer.Whentheviscosityofthe
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil
mixture reaches a predetermined torque level, the absorptom-
absorption number of carbon black.
eter and buret will shut off simultaneously. The volume of oil
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
added is read from the direct-reading buret. The volume of oil
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
per unit mass of carbon black is the oil absorption number.
only.
3.2 Either DBP, paraffin or epoxidized sunflower oils are
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
acceptableforusewithmoststandardpelletedgradesofcarbon
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
black including N-series carbon blacks found in Classification
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D1765. OAN testing using paraffin oils or epoxidized sun-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
flower oils on some standard blacks and specialty blacks
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
including powder products may result in unacceptable differ-
ences as compared to OAN testing with DBP oil. Paraffin and
2. Referenced Documents
epoxidized sunflower oils are considered non-hazardous; some
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
paraffin oils are FDA approved. For any of the oils, Sections
D1765Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
8-11 (Calibration, Procedure, Calculation, and Report) are to
Rubber Products
be consistent with the oil selected for use. Referee testing
D1799Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
betweensuppliersandusersshoulduseDBPoiluntilsuchtime
Shipments
that precision data are available for alternate oils.
D1900Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
ments
4. Significance and Use
D4483Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
4.1 Theoilabsorptionnumberofacarbonblackisrelatedto
StandardsintheRubberandCarbonBlackManufacturing
theprocessingandvulcanizatepropertiesofrubbercompounds
Industries
containing the carbon black.
D4821Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method
Precision and Bias
3
5. Apparatus
3. Summary of Test Method
5.1 Balance, analytical, with an 0.01-g sensitivity.
3.1 In this test method, oil is added by means of a
5.2 Oven, gravity-convection type, capable of maintaining
constant-rate buret to a sample of carbon black in the mixer
125° 6 5°C.
chamber of an absorptometer. As the sample absorbs the oil,
the mixture changes from a free-flowing state to one of a
5.3 Spatula, rubber, 100-mm.
semiplastic agglomeration, with an accompanying increase in
5.4 Absorptometer, equipped with a constant-rate buret that
3 4
delivers 4 6 0.024 cm /min.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
5.5 Desiccator.
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.11 on Carbon Black
Structure.
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D2414–11. DOI:
3
10.1520/D2414-12. All apparatus are to be operated and maintained in accordance with the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or manufacturers’ directions for optimum performance.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from C. W. Brabender Instruments, Inc., 50 E. Wesley St., Sout
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Hackensack,NJ07606(www.brabender.com)andfromHITECLuxembourg,5Rue
the ASTM website. de l’Eglise, L-1458 Luxembourg (www.hitec.lu).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2414 − 12
6. Reagent and Standards provide an end-point at a fixed or predetermined torque level
such that these types of absorptometers are well-suited for
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
measuring OAN of both hard and soft carbon blacks. Several
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
components influence the calibration: the dynamometer torque
all reagents shall conform
...

Designation: D2414 − 11 D2414 − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil absorption number of carbon black.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries
D4821 Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, oil is added by means of a constant-rate buret to a sample of carbon black in the mixer chamber of an
absorptometer. As the sample absorbs the oil, the mixture changes from a free-flowing state to one of a semiplastic agglomeration,
with an accompanying increase in viscosity. This increased viscosity is transmitted to the torque-sensing system of the
absorptometer. When the viscosity of the mixture reaches a predetermined torque level, the absorptometer and buret will shut off
simultaneously. The volume of oil added is read from the direct-reading buret. The volume of oil per unit mass of carbon black
is the oil absorption number.
3.2 Either DBP or paraffin oil is DBP, paraffin or epoxidized sunflower oils are acceptable for use with most standard pelleted
grades of carbon black including N-series carbon blacks found in Classification D1765. OAN testing using paraffin oil on some
specialty blacks and powder blacksoils or epoxidized sunflower oils on some standard blacks and specialty blacks including
powder products may result in unacceptable differences as compared to OAN testing using DBP oil. While studies have shown
either oil to exhibit comparable precision, paraffin oil offers the advantage of being non-hazardous; even FDA-approved grades
are available. For either oil, with DBP oil. Paraffin and epoxidized sunflower oils are considered non-hazardous; some paraffin oils
are FDA approved. For any of the oils, Sections 8-11 (Calibration, Procedure, Calculation, and Report) are to be consistent with
the oil selected for use. Referee testing between suppliers and users should use DBP oil until such time that precision data are
available for paraffin oil.alternate oils.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds
containing the carbon black.
3
5. Apparatus
5.1 Balance, analytical, with an 0.01-g sensitivity.
5.2 Oven, gravity-convection type, capable of maintaining 125° 6 5°C.
5.3 Spatula, rubber, 100-mm.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2414 − 12
3 4
5.4 Absorptometer, equipped with a constant-rate buret that delivers 4 6 0.024 cm /min.
5.5 Desiccator.
6. Reagent and Standards
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
5
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
3
6.2 n-Dibutyl Phthalate, having a density of 1.042 to 1.047 Mg/m at 25°C and a relative density of 1.045 to 1.050 at 25°C.
2
6.3 Paraffın Oil, having a kinematic viscosity of 10 to 34 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C.
NOTE 1—Three paraffin oils have been found suitable including Marcol 82 from Exxon, 80/90 White Oil from Conoco-Phillips, and LC1 oil from Lab
Chemicals, Germany. All three oils are pharmaceutical or food grade oil, or both, based on available data.
3 6
6.4 Epoxidized sunflower oils, (fatty acid ester, epoxidized) having a density of 0.90 to 0.91 g/cm at 20°C.
7
6.5 ASTM D24 Standard Reference Blacks, SRB.
7. Sampling
7.1 Samples
...