ASTM D2414-23a

Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds containing the carbon black.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil absorption number of carbon black.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2023
• ICS: 71.060.10 - Chemical elements
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.11 - Carbon Black Structure

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2414-23 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D4821-20 - Standard Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D7854-21 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Void Volume at Mean Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D5817-20 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D3053-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D1765-23a - Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D7849-23 - Standard Classification for Nomenclature of Reference Materials of Committee D24
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D3493-21 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D6915-23 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Evaluation of Standard Reference Blacks
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D4122-17(2023) - Standard Practice for Carbon Black—Evaluation of an Industry Reference Black
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2414 − 23a
Standard Test Method for
1
Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
absorption number of carbon black.
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Industries
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D4821 Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method
only.
Precision and Bias
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the D5554 Test Method for Determination of the Iodine Value of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Fats and Oils
3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.2 DIN Standards:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
DIN 16945 Testing of resins, hardeners and accelerators, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
catalyzed resins
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
DIN EN ISO 660 Animal and vegetable fats and oils -
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Determination of acid value and acidity
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Summary of Test Method
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 In this test method, oil is added by means of a
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
constant-rate buret to a sample of carbon black in the mixer
2. Referenced Documents
chamber of an absorptometer. As the sample absorbs the oil,
2
the mixture changes from a free-flowing state to one of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
semiplastic agglomeration, with an accompanying increase in
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
viscosity. This increased viscosity is transmitted to the torque-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
sensing system of the absorptometer. When the viscosity of the
ity)
mixture reaches a predetermined torque level, the absorptom-
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive
eter and buret will shut off simultaneously. The volume of oil
Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
added is read from the direct-reading buret. The volume of oil
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
per unit mass of carbon black is the oil absorption number.
Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
3.2 Either DBP, paraffin or Epoxidized Fatty Acid Ester
Rubber Products
(EFA) oils are acceptable for use with most standard pelleted
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
grades of carbon black including N-series carbon blacks found
Shipments
in Classification D1765. OAN testing using paraffin or EFA
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
oils on some standard blacks and specialty blacks including
ments
powder products may result in unacceptable differences as
compared to OAN testing with DBP oil. Paraffin and EFA oils
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon are considered non-hazardous; some paraffin oils are FDA
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.11 on Carbon Black
approved. For any of the oils, Sections 8 – 12 (Calibration,
Structure.
Procedure, Calculation, and Report) are to be consistent with
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
the oil selected for use. Referee testing between suppliers and
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D2414 – 23. DOI:
10.1520/D2414-23A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), Burggrafenstrasse 6,
the ASTM website. 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2414 − 23 D2414 − 23a
Standard Test Method for
1
Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2414; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oil absorption number of carbon black.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1218 Test Method for Refractive Index and Refractive Dispersion of Hydrocarbon Liquids
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries
D4821 Guide for Carbon Black—Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias
D5554 Test Method for Determination of the Iodine Value of Fats and Oils
3
2.2 DIN Standards:
DIN 16945 Testing of resins, hardeners and accelerators, and catalyzed resins
DIN EN ISO 660 Animal and vegetable fats and oils - Determination of acid value and acidity
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, oil is added by means of a constant-rate buret to a sample of carbon black in the mixer chamber of an
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.11 on Carbon Black Structure.
Current edition approved March 1, 2023Nov. 1, 2023. Published April 2023December 2023. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 20222023
as D2414 – 22.D2414 – 23. DOI: 10.1520/D2414-23.10.1520/D2414-23A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Deutsches Institut fur Normung e.V.(DIN), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany, http://www.din.de.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2414 − 23a
absorptometer. As the sample absorbs the oil, the mixture changes from a free-flowing state to one of a semiplastic agglomeration,
with an accompanying increase in viscosity. This increased viscosity is transmitted to the torque-sensing system of the
absorptometer. When the viscosity of the mixture reaches a predetermined torque level, the absorptometer and buret will shut off
simultaneously. The volume of oil added is read from the direct-reading buret. The volume of oil per unit mass of carbon black
is the oil absorption number.
3.2 Either DBP, paraffin or Epoxidized Fatty Acid Ester (EFA) oils are acceptable for use with most standard pelleted grades of
carbon black including N-series carbon blacks found in Classification D1765. OAN testing using paraffin or EFA oils on some
standard blacks and specialty blacks including powder products may result in unacceptable differences as compared to OAN testing
with DBP oil. Paraffin and EFA oils are considered non-hazar
...