ASTM C653-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Determination of the Thermal Resistance of Low-Density Blanket-Type Mineral Fiber Insulation
Standard Guide for Determination of the Thermal Resistance of Low-Density Blanket-Type Mineral Fiber Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides a method to determine the thermal performance of low-density blanket-type insulation. It may be used for the purposes of quality assurance, certification, or research.
4.2 The thermal resistance of low-density insulation depends significantly on the density, the thickness, and thermal conductivity. Typical low-density, mineral-fiber insulation for buildings may vary in density from one specimen to the next.
4.3 Thermal tests are time-consuming in comparison with density and thickness measurements. Low-density insulation material is produced in large quantities. A typical lot would be a truckload or the amount necessary to insulate a house.
4.4 The relatively low unit cost of this product and the relatively high cost of thermal resistance testing makes it cost-effective to test only a small percentage of the product area. It is recommended that there be a determination of the density that is representative of a lot by the measurement of the average density of a statistically representative sampling.
4.5 A fewer number of thermal measurements are then made to determine the apparent thermal conductivity at the previously determined representative density. The essential significance of this guide is that a large lot of variable material is best characterized by: (a) determining the representative density, and by (b) determining the thermal property at this representative density with a small number of thermal measurements.
4.6 Building insulation products are commonly manufactured in thicknesses ranging from 19 to 330 mm (0.75 to 13 in.) inclusive. Experimental work has verified that there is a dependence of λapp on thickness for some low density materials.
4.7 The upper limit of test thickness for specimens evaluated using Test Methods C177, C518, and C1114 is established based upon the apparatus design, overall dimensions, expected thermal resistivity level and desired target accuracy. The testing organization is responsible f...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the calculation and interpolation of a thermal resistance value for low-density blanket-type insulation material at a particular density and thickness having been selected as representative of the product. It requires measured values of this average density and thickness, as well as apparent thermal conductivity values determined by either Test Method C177, C518, or C1114.
1.2 This guide applies to a density range for mineral-fiber material of roughly 6.4 to 48 kg/m3 (0.4 to 3.0 lb/ft3). It is primarily intended to apply to low-density, mineral-fiber mass insulation batts and blankets, exclusive of any membrane facings. Apparent thermal conductivity data for these products are commonly reported at a mean temperature of 23.9°C (75°F) and a hot-to-cold plate temperature difference of 27.8°C (50°F) or 22.2°C (40°F).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C653 − 17
Standard Guide for
Determination of the Thermal Resistance of Low-Density
1
Blanket-Type Mineral Fiber Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C687Practice for Determination of Thermal Resistance of
Loose-Fill Building Insulation
1.1 This guide describes the calculation and interpolation of
C1045Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Prop-
a thermal resistance value for low-density blanket-type insula-
erties Under Steady-State Conditions
tion material at a particular density and thickness having been
C1114Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
selected as representative of the product. It requires measured
Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
values of this average density and thickness, as well as
apparentthermalconductivityvaluesdeterminedbyeitherTest
3. Terminology
Method C177, C518,or C1114.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this guide, refer to
1.2 This guide applies to a density range for mineral-fiber
Terminology C168.
3 3
material of roughly 6.4 to 48 kg/m (0.4 to 3.0 lb/ft ). It is
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
primarily intended to apply to low-density, mineral-fiber mass
3.2.1 apparent thermal conductivity, λ—the ratio of the
insulation batts and blankets, exclusive of any membrane
specimen thickness to thermal resistance of the specimen. It is
facings.Apparent thermal conductivity data for these products
calculated as follows:
arecommonlyreportedatameantemperatureof23.9°C(75°F)
2
andahot-to-coldplatetemperaturedifferenceof27.8°C(50°F)
λ 5 L/R W/m·k or Btu·in./ft ·h·F (1)
~ ! ~ !
or 22.2°C (40°F).
3.2.1.1 Discussion—For this type of material an expression
for the apparent thermal conductivity as a function of density
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
is:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
λ 5 a1bD1c/D (2)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
where a, b, c = parameters characteristic of a product,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and related to the conductivity of the gas, the conductivity
3
of the solid and the conductivity due to radiation (1).
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.3 Symbols:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C167Test Methods forThickness and Density of Blanket or
2 2
R = thermal resistance, (m K/W) or (h·ft F/Btu)
Batt Thermal Insulations
λ = apparent thermal conductivity, (W/m·K) or (Btu·in/
C168Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
2
h·ft F)
C177Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure- 2 2
Q/A = heat flow per unit area, (W/m ) or (Btu/h·ft )
ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of 3 3
D = bulk density of a specimen, (kg/m ) or (lb/ft )
the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
L = measured specimen thickness, (m) or (in.)
C518Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission
T = apparatus plate temperature, (K) or (F)
Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
L' = specimen thickness if the sample from which the
specimen is selected does not recover to label
thickness, (m) or (in.)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
s = estimate of the standard deviation for a set of data
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal
points
Measurement.
∆ = apparatus systematic error
Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C653–97 (2012).
Ψ = overall uncertainty in a measured R-value
DOI: 10.1520/C0653-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C653 − 17
3.3.1 Subscripts: density, D . Density is determined by using Test Method
av
C167; take care to avoid the use of damaged material.
= signifies average of a lot
av
5.2 In order to account for the variation in λ-value due to
= refers to hot surface
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C653 − 97 (Reapproved 2012) C653 − 17
Standard Guide for
Determination of the Thermal Resistance of Low-Density
1
Blanket-Type Mineral Fiber Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes the calculation and interpolation of a thermal resistance value for low-density blanket-type insulation
material at a particular density and thickness having been selected as representative of the product. It requires measured values of
this average density and thickness, as well as apparent thermal conductivity values determined by either Test Method C177, C518,
or C1114.
3 3
1.2 This guide applies to a density range for mineral-fiber material of roughly 6.4 to 48 kg/m (0.4 to 3.0 lb/ft ). It is primarily
intended to apply to low-density, mineral-fiber mass insulation batts and blankets, exclusive of any membrane facings. Apparent
thermal conductivity data for these products are commonly reported at a mean temperature of 23.9°C (75°F) and a hot-to-cold plate
temperature difference of 27.8°C (50°F) or 22.2°C (40°F).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C167 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of Blanket or Batt Thermal Insulations
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the
Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus
C518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus
C687 Practice for Determination of Thermal Resistance of Loose-Fill Building Insulation
C1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State Conditions
C1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions used in this guide, refer to Terminology C168.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent thermal conductivity, λ—the ratio of the specimen thickness to thermal resistance of the specimen. It is calculated
as follows:
2
λ5 L/R ~W/m·k! or ~Btu·in./ft ·h·F! (1)
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.30 on Thermal Measurement.
Current edition approved March 1, 2012March 1, 2017. Published August 2012March 2017. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as C653 – 97 (2012).(2007). DOI: 10.1520/C0653-97R12.10.1520/C0653-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
For this type of material an expression for the apparent thermal conductivity as a function of density is:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C653 − 17
λ5 a1bD1c/D (2)
where a, b, c = parameters characteristic of a product, and related to the conductivity of the gas, the conductivity of the
3
solid and the conductivity due to radiation.radiation (1)).
3.3 Symbols:
2 2
R = thermal resistance, (m K/W) or (h·ft F/Btu)
2
λ = apparent thermal conductivity, (W/m·K) or (Btu·in/h·ft F)
2 2
Q/A = heat flow per unit area, (W/m ) or (Btu/h·ft )
3 3
D = bulk density of a specimen, (kg/m ) or (lb/ft )
L = measured specimen thickness, (m) or (in.)
T = apparatus plate temperature, (K) or (F)
L' = specimen thickness if the sample from which the specimen is selected does not recover to label thickness, (m) or (in.)
s = estimate of the standard deviation for a set of data points
Δ = apparatus systematic error
Ψ = overall uncertainty in a measured R-value
3.3.1 Subscripts:
= signifies average of a lot
av
= refers to hot surface
H
= refers to cold surface
C
=
...
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