ASTM C647-08(2013)
(Guide)Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
Standard Guide to Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal Insulation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Each of the properties listed should be considered in selecting materials for specific projects. A list of the selected properties with limiting values assigned will form a part of the product specification.
4.2 All of the properties may not be pertinent in any specific situation, and all of the tests outlined may not be required. A condition to any specification must be an evaluation of the proposed use to determine which properties may be required.
4.3 Membrane reinforcements are frequently specified and used with mastics and coatings. Service properties of such systems of finishes may be different from the unreinforced finishes; therefore, it is essential to test specimens of the reinforced system.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide identifies properties of mastics and coating finishes characterizing their performance as finishes for thermal insulation.
1.2 These properties relate to application and service. Each property is defined, and its significance and suggested test methods are described.
1.3 The properties appear in the following order in this guide.
Paragraph
Application Properties
6
Consistency
6.1
Coverage
6.2
Build
6.3
Wet Flammability
6.4
Toxicity
6.5
Temperature and Humidity Range
6.6
Surface Wetting and Adhesion
6.7
Gap Filling and Bridging
6.8
Sizing and Sealing
6.9
Corrosion or Solvent Attack
6.10
Drying Time and Curing Time
6.11
Shrinkage
6.12
Storage Stability
6.13
Freeze-Thaw Stability
6.14
Service Properties
7
Specimen Preparation
7.1
Outdoor Durability
7.2
Environmental Resistance
7.3
Temperature Limits
7.3.1
Chemicals and Water Resistance
7.3.2
Mold and Mildew Resistance
7.3.3
Surface Flammability
7.4
Water-Vapor Transmission Rate
7.5
Adhesion
7.6
Damage Resistance
7.7
Impact Resistance
7.7.1
Abrasion Resistance
7.7.2
Stress Resistance
7.8
Flexure
7.8.1
Elongation
7.8.2
Color
7.9
Odor
7.10
Other Properties
8
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C647 − 08 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Guide to
Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for
Thermal Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Other Properties 8
1.1 This guide identifies properties of mastics and coating 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
finishes characterizing their performance as finishes for ther-
mal insulation. conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
1.2 These properties relate to application and service. Each
property is defined, and its significance and suggested test
2. Referenced Documents
methods are described.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 The properties appear in the following order in this
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
guide.
C419 Practice for Making and Curing Test Specimens of
Paragraph
Mastic Thermal Insulation Coatings
Application Properties 6
C461 Test Methods for Mastics and Coatings Used With
Consistency 6.1
Thermal Insulation
Coverage 6.2
Build 6.3
C488 Test Method for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests
Wet Flammability 6.4
of Finishes for Thermal Insulation
Toxicity 6.5
Temperature and Humidity Range 6.6 C639 Test Method for Rheological (Flow) Properties of
Surface Wetting and Adhesion 6.7
Elastomeric Sealants
Gap Filling and Bridging 6.8
C681 Test Method for Volatility of Oil- and Resin-Based,
Sizing and Sealing 6.9
Corrosion or Solvent Attack 6.10 Knife-Grade, Channel Glazing Compounds
Drying Time and Curing Time 6.11
C733 Test Method for Volume Shrinkage of Latex Sealants
Shrinkage 6.12
(Withdrawn 2000)
Storage Stability 6.13
Freeze-Thaw Stability 6.14 C755 Practice for Selection of Water Vapor Retarders for
Service Properties 7
Thermal Insulation
Specimen Preparation 7.1
C792 TestMethodforEffectsofHeatAgingonWeightLoss,
Outdoor Durability 7.2
Environmental Resistance 7.3 Cracking, and Chalking of Elastomeric Sealants
Temperature Limits 7.3.1
D36/D36M Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen
Chemicals and Water Resistance 7.3.2
(Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)
Mold and Mildew Resistance 7.3.3
Surface Flammability 7.4
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
Water-Vapor Transmission Rate 7.5
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Adhesion 7.6
Open Cup Tester
Damage Resistance 7.7
Impact Resistance 7.7.1
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Abrasion Resistance 7.7.2
Closed Cup Tester
Stress Resistance 7.8
D529 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures of Bitu-
Flexure 7.8.1
Elongation 7.8.2 minous Materials (Withdrawn 2013)
Color 7.9
D543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to
Odor 7.10
Chemical Reagents
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on Insulation contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Finishes and Moisture. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published January 2014. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C647 – 08). DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/C0647-08R13. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C647 − 08 (2013)
D562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
KrebsUnit(KU)ViscosityUsingaStormer-TypeViscom- Building Materials
E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
eter
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics Materials
E162 Test Method for Surface Flammability of Materials
D658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
Using a Radiant Heat Energy Source
Coatings by Air Blast Abrasive (Withdrawn 1996)
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
D747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus of Plas-
Chemicals
tics by Means of a Cantilever Beam
G21 Practice for Determining Resistance of Synthetic Poly-
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
meric Materials to Fungi
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
G23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
als
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
D822/D822M Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc
of Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)
Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
D903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-
3. Terminology
sive Bonds
D968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
3.1 Terminology C168 shall be considered as applying to
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
the terms used in this specification.
D1310 TestMethodforFlashPointandFirePointofLiquids
3.2 General Definitions:
by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
3.2.1 application properties—properties that influence or
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
affect the effective installation of finishes.
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
3.2.2 coating—a liquid or semiliquid protective finish ca-
D1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated
pable of application to thermal insulation or other surfaces,
Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments
usually by brush or spray, in moderate thickness, 30 mils (0.76
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
mm).
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
3.2.3 mastic—a protective finish of relatively thick consis-
D1823 Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Plastisols and
tency capable of application to thermal insulation or other
Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
surfaces usually by spray or trowel, in thick coats greater than
D1824 Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Plastisols and
30 mils (0.03 in.) (0.76 mm).
Organosols at Low Shear Rates
3.2.4 service properties—properties that govern perfor-
D1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
mance of finishes after installation.
D2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type)
3.3 Specific Definitions—Terms specific to Sections 6 and 7
Viscometer
are defined as appropriate.
D2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
Borne Coatings
4. Significance and Use
D2354 Test Method for Minimum Film FormationTempera-
4.1 Each of the properties listed should be considered in
ture (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
selecting materials for specific projects. A list of the selected
D2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-
properties with limiting values assigned will form a part of the
tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
product specification.
Tup (Falling Weight)
4.2 All of the properties may not be pertinent in any specific
D2453 Test Method for Shrinkage and Tenacity of Oil- and
situation, and all of the tests outlined may not be required. A
Resin-Base Caulking Compounds
condition to any specification must be an evaluation of the
D2485 Test Methods for Evaluating Coatings For High
proposed use to determine which properties may be required.
Temperature Service
D2507 Terminology of Rheological Properties of Gelled
4.3 Membrane reinforcements are frequently specified and
Rocket Propellants (Withdrawn 2003)
used with mastics and coatings. Service properties of such
D2939 Test Methods for Emulsified Bitumens Used as
systems of finishes may be different from the unreinforced
Protective Coatings (Withdrawn 2012)
finishes; therefore, it is essential to test specimens of the
D3134 Practice for Establishing Color and Gloss Tolerances
reinforced system.
D3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Dis-
figurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or 5. Classification of Mastics and Coatings
Soil and Dirt Accumulation
5.1 Vapor-Retarder Type—A finish intended for service on
D3361/D3361M Practice for Unfiltered Open-Flame
insulated units that are operated below ambient temperature at
Carbon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
least part of the time.
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
NOTE 1—Practice C755 may provide additional guidance.
Cup Tester
D4339 Test Method for Determination of the Odor of 5.1.1 Outdoor service.
Adhesives 5.1.2 Indoor service.
C647 − 08 (2013)
5.2 Vapor-Permeable Type—Afinishintendedforserviceon 6.5.1 Definition—harmful physiological response to vapor
insulated units that are operated above ambient temperature. inhalation or skin contact with finishes during application.
(See 7.6.2. Sometimes referred to as a “breather” finish.) 6.5.2 Significance and Use—Finishes should not adversely
5.2.1 Outdoor service. affect health of personnel making applications. Container
labels must describe legally and adequately any health hazard
5.2.2 Indoor service.
involved in using the product.
6.5.3 Technical Evaluation—Test as recommended by
6. Application Properties
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
6.1 Consistency:
6.6 Temperature and Humidity Range (during application):
6.1.1 Definition—the resistance of a non-Newtonian mate-
6.6.1 Definition—the limiting temperatures and relative hu-
rial to deformation or flow.
midities between which practical application of finish can be
NOTE 2—Consistency is not a fundamental property but is made up of
made without adverse effect on service properties.
viscosity, plasticity, and other rheological phenomena (see Terminology
6.6.2 Significance and Use—Application of finishes under
D2507). In non-Newtonian behavior, usual for mastics and coatings for
extremes of atmospheric temperature or humidity, or both, can
thermal insulation, the ratio of shearing stress to the rate of shearing strain
varies with the shearing stress. hinder or prevent attainment of necessary coverage and proper
cure, thus changing performance properties significantly. The
6.1.2 Significance and Use—Consistency determines
temperature of the surface to which the finish is applied also
whether a mastic or coating can be troweled, applied by gloved
must be considered.
hand, brushed, or sprayed. It has a direct effect on application
6.6.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Method D2354, and prod-
costs.
uctapplicationtestsmadeatmaximumandminimumvaluesof
6.1.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C461, C639,
temperature and humidity in stated design conditions.
D562, D1823, D1824, and D2196.
6.7 Surface Wetting and Adhesion:
6.2 Coverage:
6.7.1 Definition—themutualaffinityofthebondingbetween
6.2.1 Definition—the measure of surface area in ft /gal
finish and the surface to which it is applied.
2 2
(m /litre) (coatings) or gallons per 100 ft (mastics) at which
6.7.2 Significance and Use—Coatings and mastics must wet
finish must be applied to obtain specified dry thickness and
and bond readily to insulation surfaces without special treat-
desired performance.
ments or application techniques, or both. Ease and cost of
6.2.2 Significance and Use—The performance of finishes is
application require good surface wetting and adhesion.
related directly to the optimum dry thickness. Therefore,
6.7.3 Technical Evaluation—Closely observe during finish
performance properties must be defined in terms of optimum
application under real or simulated field conditions.
dry thickness, and this value must be established for applica-
6.8 Gap Filling and Bridging:
tion purposes in terms of coverage. Coverage data are essential
6.8.1 Definition—the ability to bridge, fill, and level joints
for estimating material quantities and costs.
and gaps in installed thermal insulation.
6.2.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C461.
6.8.2 Significance and Use—Joints and gaps exist in in-
6.3 Build:
stalled block and blanket insulation. If these are not filled or
6.3.1 Definition—the thickness to which a coating or mastic
bridged adequately, the protective value of the finish will be
finish can be applied without sagging, running, sliding, or
impaired seriously.
dripping.
6.8.3 Technical Evaluation—Apply finish over insulation in
6.3.2 Significance and Use—Finishes for thermal insulation
real or simulated field conditions over typical joints and gaps.
must be capable of application on vertical or overhead surfaces
Follow with destructive examination to determine effective-
at specified coverage without subsequent reduction in
ness.
thickness, caused by excessive flow or slump. Build also
6.9 Sizing and Sealing:
determines the number of coats required for optimum dry
6.9.1 Definition—the ability of a finish to resist excessive
thickness.
absorption into porous insulation.
6.3.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods C461.
6.9.2 Significance and Use—Excessive penetration of fin-
6.4 Wet Flammability (during application):
ishes into insulation will affect adversely the performance of
6.4.1 Definition—the relative ease of ignition and conse-
the finish and the thermal conductivity of the insulation.
quent fire hazard of a finish during application, as indicated by
6.9.3 Technical Evaluation—Apply finish by film applicator
its flash point, fire point, and fuel contribution.
simultaneously on insulation and on a nonporous surface.After
6.4.2 Significance and Use—Finishes that contain volatile
curing, measure the dry film thickness on the surfaces to
flammable solvent may ignite readily from a source such as
establish the difference due to absorption.
welding sparks and spatter, electrical short circuits, open
6.10 Corrosion or Solvent Attack:
flames, or personnel smoking. Such a fire could spread very
rapidly over freshly finished surfaces.
6.4.3 Technical Evaluation—Test Methods D56, D92, D93,
Available from American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
D1310, and D3828.
(ACGIH), 1330 Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45240, http://www.acgih.org.
6.5 Toxicity:
C647 − 08 (2013)
6.10.1 Definition—harmful effect on metals or thermal in- 7. Service Properties
sulation from contact with finishes.
7.1 Specimen Preparation for Testing—See Practice C419.
6.10.2 Significance and Use—Finishes must not attack in-
7.2 Outdoor Durability:
sulation or adjacent metals to cause deterioration of the
7.2.1 Definition—resistance of finishes to deterioration by
installation.
exposure to various weather conditions.
6.10.
...
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