ASTM C870-24
(Practice)Standard Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Materials
Standard Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The conditioning prescribed in this recommended practice is designed to obtain reproducible test results on thermal insulating materials. Results of tests obtained on these materials under uncontrolled atmospheric conditions are not comparable with each other. Some of the physical properties of thermal insulating materials are influenced by relative humidity and temperature in a manner that affects the results of tests. In this regard, such information is provided in pertinent material specifications and test methods by stating the physical properties relative to the specific ambient or test conditions.
Note 1: In some cases (for example, dimensionally unstable materials), the dry mass cannot easily be established and original mass has to be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of thermal insulating materials for tests. Since prior exposure of insulating materials to high or low humidity will affect the equilibrium moisture content, a procedure is also given for preconditioning the materials.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C870 − 24
Standard Practice for
1
Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-
chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of thermal insu-
peratures)
lating materials for tests. Since prior exposure of insulating
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
materials to high or low humidity will affect the equilibrium
ISO 139 Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
moisture content, a procedure is also given for preconditioning
the materials.
3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms in the field of thermal
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
insulating materials are given in Terminology C168. The
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
following definitions are derived from Terminology E41:
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.1 moisture content—the moisture present in a material,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
as determined by definite prescribed methods, expressed as a
with the standard.
percentage of the mass of the sample on either of the following
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bases: (1) original mass (see 3.1.1); (2) moisture-free weight
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(see 3.1.2).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This is variously referred to as mois-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ture content, or moisture “as is” or “as received.”
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—This is also referred to as moisture
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
regain (frequently contracted to “regain”), or moisture content
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
on the “oven-dry,” “moisture-free,” or “dry” basis.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.2 moisture equilibrium—the condition reached by a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
sample when the net difference between the amount of mois-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ture sorbed and the amount desorbed, as shown by a change in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mass, shows no trend and becomes insignificant.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Superficial equilibrium with the film of
2. Referenced Documents
air in contact with the specimen is reached very rapidly. Stable
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
equilibrium can be reached in a reasonable time only if the air
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
to which the sample is exposed is in motion. Stable equilibrium
E41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning (Withdrawn
with air in motion is considered to be realized when successive
3
2019)
weighings do not show a progressive change in mass greater
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier
than the tolerances established for the various insulating
Packaging
materials.
3.1.3 moisture regain—the moisture in a material deter-
mined under prescribed conditions, and expressed as a percent-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
age of the mass of the moisture-free specimen.
Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Moisture regain calculations are com-
Physical Properties.
monly based on the mass of a specimen that has been dried by
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as C870 – 11 (2017). heating in an oven. If the air in the oven contains moisture, the
DOI: 10.1520/C0870-24.
oven-dried specimen will contain some moisture even when it
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
no longer shows a significant change in mass. In order to
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from American National Standards Institute
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C870 − 11 (Reapproved 2017) C870 − 24
Standard Practice for
1
Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C870; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of thermal insulating materials for tests. Since prior exposure of insulating materials to
high or low humidity will affect the equilibrium moisture content, a procedure is also given for preconditioning the materials.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal Insulation
3
E41 Terminology Relating to Conditioning (Withdrawn 2019)
E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible Barrier Packaging
E337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)
4
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 544ISO 139 Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and/or Testingatmospheres for conditioning and testing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms in the field of thermal insulating materials are given in Terminology C168. The following
definitions are derived from Terminology E41:
3.1.1 moisture content—the moisture present in a material, as determined by definite prescribed methods, expressed as a
percentage of the mass of the sample on either of the following bases: (1) original mass (see 3.1.1); (2) moisture-free weight (see
3.1.2).
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.31 on Chemical and Physical
Properties.
Current edition approved April 15, 2017March 1, 2024. Published May 2017March 2024. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 as
C870 – 11.C870 – 11 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/C0870-11R17.10.1520/C0870-24.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C870 − 24
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
This is variously referred to as moisture content, or moisture “as is” or “as received.”
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
This is also referred to as moisture regain (frequently contracted to “regain”), or moisture content on the “oven-dry,”
“moisture-free,” or “dry” basis.
3.1.2 moisture equilibrium—the condition reached by a sample when the net difference between the amount of moisture sorbed
and the amount desorbed, as shown by a change in mass, shows no trend and becomes insignificant.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Superficial equilibrium with the film of air in contact with the specimen is reached very rapidly. Stable equilibrium can be reached
in a reasonable time only if the air to which the sample is exposed is in motion. Stable equilibrium with air in motion is considered
to be realized when successive weighings do not show a progressive change in mass greater than
...
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