ASTM D6079-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the lubricity of diesel fuels using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFFR).
1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels, such as Grades Low Sulfur No. 1 D, Low Sulfur No. 2 D, No. 1 D, and No. 2 D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D 975; and other similar petroleum-based fuels which can be used in diesel engines.
Note 1- It is not known that this test method will predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is underway to further establish this correlation and future revisions of thistest method may be necessary once this work is complete.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 6079 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency
Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6079; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Piston Deposits, and Wear in a Heavy-Duty High-Speed
Diesel Engine—NTC-400 Procedure
1.1 This test method evaluates the lubricity of diesel fuels
D 6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel
using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR).
Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-On-Cylinder Lubricity
1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels,
Evaluator (SLBOCLE)
such as Grades Low Sulfur No. 1 D, Low Sulfur No. 2 D, No.
E 18 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell
1 D, and No. 2 D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification
Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials
D 975; and other similar petroleum-based fuels which can be
E 92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Mate-
used in diesel engines
rials
NOTE 1—It is not known that this test method will predict the 9
2.2 American Iron and Steel Institute Standard:
performance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is under-
AISI E-52100 Chromium Alloy Steel
way to further establish this correlation and future revisions of this test
2.3 American National Standards Institute Standard:
method may be necessary once this work is complete.
ANSI B3.12 Metal Balls
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 lubricity, n—a qualitative term describing the ability
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of a fluid to affect friction between, and wear to, surfaces in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applicable
relative motion under load.
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements
3.1.1.1 Discussion—In this test method, the lubricity of a
are given in section 7.
fluid is evaluated by the wear scar, in millimetres, produced on
an oscillating ball from contact with a stationary disc immersed
2. Referenced Documents
in the fluid operating under defined and controlled conditions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 boundary lubrication, n—a condition in which the
D 329 Specification for Acetone
friction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion are
D 362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene
determined by the properties of the surfaces and the properties
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
of the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Metal to metal contact occurs and the
Petroleum Products
chemistry of the system is involved. Physically adsorbed or
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
chemically reacted soft films (usually very thin) support
Petroleum Products
contact loads. As a result, some wear is inevitable.
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
4. Summary of Test Method
D 5290 Test Method for Measurement of Oil Consumption,
4.1 A 2-mL test specimen of fuel is placed in the test
reservoir of an HFRR and adjusted to either of the standard
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E2 on Diesel Fuels. This test method was developed by ISO/TC22/SC7/WG6 Discontinued–See 1997 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
and is a part of ISO 12156. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1999. Published December 1999. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2 9 th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Available from American Iron and Steel Institute, 1000 16 St., NW, Wash-
Discontinued—See 1998Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. ington, DC 20036.
4 10
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., NW,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Washington, DC 20036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6079
temperatures (25 or 60°C). The preferred test temperature is
60°C, except where there may be concerns about loss of fuel
because of its volatility or degradation of the fuel because of
the temperature.
4.2 When the fuel temperature has stabilized, a vibrator arm
holding a nonrotating steel ball and loaded with a 200-g mass
is lowered until it contacts a test disk completely submerged in
the fuel. The ball is caused to rub against the disk with a 1-mm
stroke at a frequency of 50 Hz for 75 min.
4.3 The ball is removed from the vibrator arm and cleaned.
FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of HFRR (not including
The dimensions of the major and minor axes of the wear scar
instrumentation)
are measured under 1003 magnification and recorded.
TABLE 1 Test Conditions
5. Significance and Use
Fluid volume 2 6 0.20 mL
5.1 Diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance on
Stroke length 1 6 0.02 mm
lubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shortened life of
Frequency 50 6 1Hz
Fluid temperature 25 6 2°C
engine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps and
or
injectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in a
60 6 2°C
diesel fuel.
Relative humidity > 30 %
Applied load 200 6 1g
5.2 The trend of HFRR test results to diesel injection system
Test duration 75 6 0.1 min
pump component distress due to wear has been demonstrated
Bath surface area 6 6 1cm
in pump rig tests for some fuel/hardware combinations where
boundary lubrication is believed to be a factor in the operation
of the component.
potential, and test duration, with an electronic data acquisition
5.3 The wear scar generated in the HFRR test is sensitive to
and control system.
contamination of the fluids and test materials and the tempera-
6.4 Microscope, capable of 1003 magnification in gradua-
ture of the test. Lubricity evaluations are also sensitive to trace
tions of 0.1 mm and incremented in divisions of 0.01 mm.
contaminants acquired during test fuel sampling and storage.
6.4.1 Glass Slide Micrometer, with a scale ruled in 0.01 mm
5.4 The HFRR and Scuffing Load Ball on Cylinder Lubric-
divisions.
ity Evaluator (SLBOCLE, Test Method D 6078) are two
6.5 Cleaning Bath, ultrasonic seamless stainless steel tank
methods for evaluating diesel fuel lubricity. No absolute
with adequate capacity and a cleaning power of 40 W or
correlation has been developed between the two test methods.
greater.
5.5 The HFRR may be used to evaluate the relative effec-
6.6 Desiccator, containing a non-indicating drying agent,
tiveness of diesel fuels for preventing wear under the pre-
capable of storing test disks, balls, and hardware.
scribed test conditions. Correlation of HFRR test results with
field performance of diesel fuel injection systems has not yet
7. Reagents and Materials
been determined.
7.1 Acetone,(Warning—Extremely flammable. Vapors
5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundary
may cause flash fire.), conforming to Specification D 329.
lubrication properties. While viscosity effects on lubricity in
7.2 Compressed Air,(Warning—Compressed gas under
this test method are not totally eliminated, they are minimized.
high pressure. Use with extreme caution in the presence of
6. Apparatus
combustible material.), containing less than 0.1 ppmv hydro-
carbons and 50 ppmv water.
6.1 High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) , (see Fig.
7.3 Gloves, clean, lint-free, cotton, disposable
1) capable of rubbing a steel ball loaded with a 200-g mass
7.4 Reference Fluids:
against a stationary steel disk completely submerged in a test
7.4.1 Fluid A—High lubricity reference (Warning—
fuel. The apparatus uses a 1-mm stroke length at a frequency of
Flammable.). Store in clean, borosilicate glass with an alumi-
50 Hz for 75 min. Complete operating conditions are listed in
num foil-lined insert cap. Store in dark area.
Table 1.
7.4.2 Fluid B—Low lubricity reference (Warning—
6.2 Test Reservoir, capable of holding a test disk in a rigid
Flammable. Vapor harmful.). Store in clean, borosilicate glass
manner beneath the test fuel. The temperature of this reservoir,
with an aluminum foil-lined insert cap. Store in a dark area.
and consequently the test fuel contained in it, is maintained by
7.5 Test Ball, (Grade 24 per ANSI B3.12) of AISI E-52100
means of a closely attached electrically controlled heater pad.
steel, with a diameter of 6.00 mm, having a Rockwell hardness
6.3 Control Unit, for controlling stroke length, frequency,
test reservoir temperature, friction force, electrical contact
Catalog No. 31-16-99 from Bausch and Lomb, Inc. has been found satisfac-
Nikanjam, M., Crosby, T., Henderson, P., Gray, C., Meyer, K, and Davenport, tory. A certificate of traceability from the National Institute of Standards and
N., “ISO Diesel Fuel Lubricity Round Robin Program,” SAE, Paper No. 952372, Technology is available.
SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, Oct. 16-19, 1995, Toronto, Canada. Reference Fluids A and B are available from ASTM Test Monitoring Ctr., 6555
Available from PCS Instruments, 5 Warple Mews, London W3 ORF, England. Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15026–4489.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6079
“C” scale (HRC) number of 58 - 66, in accordanc
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