ASTM D8147-24
(Specification)Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines
Standard Specification for Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-Ignition Engines
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material, manufacturing, and specialized property requirements for producing special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. It deals with special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. Aviation distillate fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly of refined hydrocarbons derived from conventional sources such as crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands. The use of middle distillate fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. It is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to support purchasing agencies when formulating specifications for purchases of aviation distillate fuel under contract.
1.2 This specification defines specialized property requirements to produce special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. Its use is at the discretion of the aircraft manufacturer, engine manufacturer, or certification authorities when determining criteria for validation of aircraft equipment design.
1.3 This specification defines special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. The aviation distillate test fuels defined in this specification are not intended for general purpose use in aircraft. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels.
1.4 Specification D8147 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.
1.5 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation distillate fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel continues to comply with this specification after batch certification.
1.6 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation compression-ignition (CI) engines.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.7.1 Exception—Other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8147 − 24
Standard Specification for
Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-
1
Ignition Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.7.1 Exception—Other units of measurement are included
in this standard.
1.1 This specification is intended to support purchasing
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
agencies when formulating specifications for purchases of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
aviation distillate fuel under contract.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This specification defines specialized property require-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ments to produce special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
that are intended only for engineering and certification testing
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. Use of this
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
is not mandatory. Its use is at the discretion of the aircraft
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
manufacturer, engine manufacturer, or certification authorities
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
when determining criteria for validation of aircraft equipment
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
design.
1.3 This specification defines special-purpose test fuels that
2. Referenced Documents
may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when op-
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
erating with fuels of marginal performance. The aviation
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
distillate test fuels defined in this specification are not intended
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
for general purpose use in aircraft. This specification also lists
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test
Closed Cup Tester
fuels.
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
1.4 Specification D8147 is directed at civil applications, and
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
maintained as such, but may be adopted for military,
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-
government, or other specialized uses.
ration
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.5 This specification can be used as a standard in describ-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
ing the quality of aviation distillate fuel from production to the
ity)
aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel
Method)
continues to comply with this specification after batch certifi-
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
cation.
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
1.6 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory
ucts by Hydrometer Method
for aviation compression-ignition (CI) engines.
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
standard.
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene and
Aviation Turbine Fuel
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.J0.02 on Aviation Piston Engine Fuels. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2023 as D8147 – 17 (2023). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D8147-24. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D8147 − 17 (Reapproved 2023) D8147 − 24
Standard Specification for
Special-Purpose Test Fuels for Aviation Compression-
1
Ignition Engines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8147; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification is intended to support purchasing agencies when formulating specifications for purchases of aviation
distillate fuel under contract.
1.2 This specification defines specialized property requirements to produce special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are
intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. Use of this specification for
engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. Its use is at the discretion of the aircraft manufacturer, engine
manufacturer, or certification authorities when determining criteria for validation of aircraft equipment design.
1.3 This specification defines special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability
of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. The aviation distillate test fuels
defined in this specification are not intended for general purpose use in aircraft. This specification also lists acceptable additives
for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels.
1.4 Specification D8147 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government,
or other specialized uses.
1.5 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation distillate fuel from production to the aircraft.
However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel continues to
comply with this specification after batch certification.
1.6 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation compression-ignition (CI) engines.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.7.1 Exception—Other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.02 on Aviation Piston Engine Fuels.
Current edition approved July 1, 2023March 1, 2024. Published July 2023March 2024. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 20172023 as
D8147 – 17.D8147 – 17 (2023). DOI: 10.1520/D8147-17R23.10.1520/D8147-24.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8147 − 24
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosene a
...
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