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ASTM A881/A881M-05

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties

ABSTRACT
This specification covers uncoated, deformed, stress-relieved, and low-relaxation wire for use as prestressed tendons in concrete railroad ties. Deformed wires with nominal diameters shall be supplied in coils and shall conform to specified values of breaking strength requirements. The relaxation losses of normal stress-relieved and low-relaxation stress-relieved wires should not exceed the specified limits. The two acceptable types of deformed wire shall have specific dimensions of deformations, where the depth of indent shall be the average depth of six or more random indents measured at maximum depth. The material shall be tested on and shall conform to specified values of the following mechanical properties: breaking strength, load at 1% extension, elongation, bending, and relaxation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers uncoated, deformed, stress-relieved, and stress-relieved low-relaxation wire for use as prestressed tendons in concrete railroad ties.
1.2 The values stated in either-inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values for the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2005
ICS
77.140.15 - Steels for reinforcement of concrete
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.05 - Steel Reinforcement
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A881/A881M-02 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties
Effective Date
01-May-2005
Replaced By
ASTM A881/A881M-10 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Indented, Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Referred By
ASTM A1096/A1096M-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Individual Steel Wire, Indented or Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
Effective Date
01-May-2005

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ASTM A881/A881M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete Railroad TiesASTM A881/A881M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties
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ASTM A881/A881M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A881/A881M – 05
Standard Specification for
Steel Wire, Deformed, Stress-Relieved or Low-Relaxation for
1
Prestressed Concrete Railroad Ties
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA881/A881M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* for use as reinforcement in prestressed concrete railroad ties,
the wire surface having deformations that reduce longitudinal
1.1 This specification covers uncoated, deformed, stress-
movement of the wire in such construction, and conform to the
relieved, and stress-relieved low-relaxation wire for use as
provisions of Section 7.
prestressed tendons in concrete railroad ties.
3.1.2 low-relaxation wire, n—indented cold-drawn wire,
1.2 The values stated in either-inch-pound units or SI units
straightened, that receives a suitable continuous thermo-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
mechanical treatment as the last operation to produce the
inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated
properties listed.
in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.3 stress-relieved wire, n—indented cold-drawn wire,
system must be used independently of the other. Combining
straightened, that receives a suitable continuous thermal treat-
valuesforthetwosystemsmayresultinnon-conformancewith
ment as a last operation to produce the properties listed.
the specification.
4. Ordering Information
2. Referenced Documents
2
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
2.1 ASTM Standards:
all requirements that are necessary for material ordered to this
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
specification. Such requirements shall include, but are not
of Steel Products
limited to, the following:
A421/A421M Specification for Uncoated Stress-Relieved
4.1.1 Quantity (mass [weight]),
Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete
3
4.1.2 Name of material (deformed steel stress-relieved or
2.2 U.S. Military Standards:
low-relaxation wire for prestressed concrete railroad ties),
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
4.1.3 Grade (see Table 1),
MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, Preparation for Ship-
4.1.4 Nominal diameter,
ment and Storage
3
4.1.5 Packaging,
2.3 U.S. Federal Standard:
4.1.6 Stress-relieved or low relaxation,
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
4.1.7 ASTM designation and year of issue, and
3. Terminology 4.1.8 Special requirements, if any.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 23 000 kg (50
3.1.1 deformed steel wire for railroad ties, n—a deformed,
000 lb) Grade 235, deformed stress-relieved steel wire for prestressed
uncoated steel stress-relieved or low-relaxation wire intended concreterailroadties.5.03-mm(0.198-in.)diameterwireinapproximately
550-kg (1200-lb) coils, ASTM A881/A881M-________.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, 5. Materials and Manufacture
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1 The steel shall be made by the basic-oxygen, open-
A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.
hearth, or electric-furnace process.
Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally
approved in 1990 . Last previous edition approved in 2002 as A881/A881M– 02.
5.2 The base metal shall be carbon steel of such quality that
DOI: 10.1520/A0881_A0881M-05.
when drawn and stress relieved, or thermo-mechanically
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
treated at a suitable wire size, shall have the properties and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on characteristics prescribed in the specification.
the ASTM website.
3
AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A881/A881M – 05
TABLE 1 Breaking Strength Requirements
Nominal Mass
Wire Nominal Breaking Nominal (Weight), g/m
A
Grade Diameter Strength Area (lb/1000 ft)
2 2
mm (in.) kN (lbf) mm (in. )
1550 (225) 5.03 (0.198) 30.8 (6920) 19.86 (0.0308) 155.9 (104.8)
1620 (235) 5.03 (0.198) 32.2 (7230) 19.86 (0.0308) 155.9 (104.8)
1720 (250) 5.03 (0.198) 34.3 (7700) 19.86 (0.0308) 155.9 (104.8)
1790 (260) 5.5 (0.216)
...

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This specification covers deformed and plain steel reinforcing bars with protective epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic spray method. The surface of the steel reinforcing bars to be coated shall be cleaned by abrasive blast cleaning to near-white metal. The number and frequency of tests for coating thickness, continuity, flexibility and adhesion are specified. If the specimen for coating thickness or flexibility fails to meet the specified requirements, two retests on random samples shall be conducted for each failed test.
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1.1 This specification covers deformed and plain carbon-steel bars in cut lengths and coils for concrete reinforcement. Annex A2 of this specification covers deformed bars for use for other applications. Steel bars containing alloy additions, such as with the Association for Iron and Steel Technology and the Society of Automotive Engineers series of alloy steels, are permitted if the resulting product meets all the other requirements of this specification. The standard sizes and dimensions of deformed bars and their number designations are given in Table 1.    
1.2 Unless specified for use for other applications in Annex A2, bars are of four minimum yield strength levels: namely, 40 000 psi [280 MPa], 60 000 psi [420 MPa], 80 000 psi [550 MPa], and 100 000 psi [690 MPa], designated as Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690], respectively.
Note 1: Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars were introduced in this specification in 2015. In contrast to the lower grades, which have ratios of specified tensile strength to specified yield strength that range from 1.25 to 1.50, Grade 100 [690] reinforcing bars have a ratio of specified tensile strength to specified yield strength of 1.15. Users of this specification should be aware that there will, therefore, be a lower margin of safety and reduced warning of failure following yielding when Grade 100 [690] bars are used in structural members where strength is governed by the tensile strength of the reinforcement, primarily in beams and slabs. As a result of the lower specified tensile strength to specified yield strength ratio of 1.15 for Grade 100 [690], users of this specification should be aware that ACI 318 Type 1 mechanical and welded splice requirements found in many acceptance criteria of 125 % of specified yield strength requirements in tension and compression are not applicable to Grade 100 [690]. Mechanical and welded splices should meet a minimum specified tensile strength of 115 000 psi [790 MPa] for Grade 100 [690].
Note 2: Users of this specification need to be aware that consensus design codes and specifications may not recognize the use of the No. 20 [64] bar, the largest bar included in this specification. Structural members reinforced with No. 20 [64] bars may require approval of the building official or other appropriate authority and require special detailing to ensure adequate performance at service and factored loads.  
1.3 Plain bars, in sizes up to and including 21/2 in. [63.5 mm] in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when ordered shall be furnished under this specification in Grade 40 [280], Grade 60 [420], Grade 80 [550], and Grade 100 [690]. For ductility properties (elongation and bending), test provisions of the nearest smaller nominal diameter deformed bar size shall apply. Requirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable.  
Note 3: Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability. When this steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used. T...

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ASTM
ASTM A421/A421M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of uncoated stress-relieved round high-carbon steel wire commonly used in prestressed linear concrete construction. These two types are the type BA used for applications in which cold-end deformation is used for anchoring purposes and type WA wire which is used for application in which the ends are anchored by wedges, no cold-end deformation of the wire is involved. Required tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation shall be evaluated using stress-relaxation test. Heat analysis shall be used to determine the percentage of specified elements especially sulfur and phosphorus to meet the required chemical composition.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of stress-relieved round high-carbon steel wire used in prestressed concrete construction, as follows:  
1.1.1 Type BA wire is used for applications in which cold-end deformation is used for anchoring purposes (Button Anchorage), and  
1.1.2 Type WA wire is used for application in which the ends are anchored by wedges, and no cold-end deformation of the wire is involved (Wedge Anchorage).  
1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where low-relaxation wire and relaxation testing for that product is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order or contract.  
1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pounds units (as Specification A421) or in SI units (as Specification A421M).  
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.  
1.5 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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