ASTM A1096/A1096M-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Individual Steel Wire, Indented or Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Individual Steel Wire, Indented or Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Steel wire for concrete reinforcement is used in various applications wherein the wire is expected to transfer passive or prestressing forces to the structural member via the bond of the exposed wire surfaces to the surrounding concrete.
5.2 Wire manufacturing processes, subsequent handling, and storage conditions can influence the wire bond.
5.3 Steel wire for concrete reinforcement is used in construction applications with a variety of concrete mixtures. Developing test methods and threshold values for the performance of the wire in each of these unique mixtures is impractical.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for evaluating bond of individual steel wire, indented or plain, for concrete reinforcement. The bond determined by this test method is stated as the tensile force needed to pull the wire through the cured mortar in a cylindrical steel casing.
1.2 The result of the test is the maximum tensile force measured on the loaded end of the wire recorded at a free-end slip less than or equal to 0.10 in. [2.5 mm].
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A1096/A1096M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Bond of Individual Steel Wire, Indented or Plain,
1
for Concrete Reinforcement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1096/A1096M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* A881/A881MSpecification for Steel Wire, Indented, Low-
Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete
1.1 This test method describes procedures for evaluating
C109/C109MTest Method for Compressive Strength of
bond of individual steel wire, indented or plain, for concrete
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube
reinforcement. The bond determined by this test method is
Specimens)
stated as the tensile force needed to pull the wire through the
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
cured mortar in a cylindrical steel casing.
C192/C192MPractice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest
1.2 The result of the test is the maximum tensile force
Specimens in the Laboratory
measured on the loaded end of the wire recorded at a free-end
C511Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
slip less than or equal to 0.10 in. [2.5 mm].
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
C778Specification for Standard Sand
SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the
text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in
3. Terminology
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1 Definitions:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.1 bond, n—longitudinal components of adhesion,
with the standard.
friction, and mechanical interlock between wire and mortar or
concrete.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 bond breaker, n—product wrapped around wire to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
prevent wire-to-mortar bond over a certain length.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Duct tape is commonly used for this
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
purpose.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 mortar, n—mixture of cement, fine aggregate, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
water.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.4 test specimen, n—assembly consisting of one steel
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
casing, one sample of wire, and mortar.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Summary of Test Method
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 Six samples of 0.2 – 0.3 in. [5 – 8 mm] diameter (see
2
Note 1) steel wire are selected from a single continuous length
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for testing. Each wire sample is cast into a steel casing with a
A421/A421MSpecification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire
bonded length of 6 in. [150 mm].
for Prestressed Concrete
4.2 Amortarmixture,includingthefineaggregatesource,is
prescribed, but the cement source is not.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.3 Testing of the six specimens begins shortly after the
A01.05 on Steel Reinforcement.
mortar-cubecompressivestrengthreaches4500psi[31.0MPa]
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved
and ends before the strength reaches 5000 psi [34.5 MPa]. A
in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as A1096/A1096M–15. DOI:
10.1520/A1096_A1096M-22.
specified, force-controlled loading rate is applied at the bottom
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
of the wire while the applied load and free-end slip at the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
opposite (top) end is continuously monitored and recorded.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. The maximum pullout force occurring at an end slip less than
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1096/A1096M − 15 A1096/A1096M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Bond of Individual Steel Wire, Indented or Plain,
1
for Concrete Reinforcement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1096/A1096M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes procedures for evaluating bond of individual steel wire, indented or plain, for concrete
reinforcement. The bond determined by this test method is stated as the tensile force needed to pull the wire through the cured
mortar in a cylindrical steel casing.
1.2 The result of the test is the maximum tensile force measured on the loaded end of the wire recorded at a free-end slip less than
or equal to 0.10 in. [2.5 mm].
1.3 Units—The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A421/A421M Specification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete
A881/A881M Specification for Steel Wire, Indented, Low-Relaxation for Prestressed Concrete
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50 mm] Cube Specimens)
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.05
on Steel Reinforcement.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015July 1, 2022. Published January 2016July 2022. Originally approved in 2015. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as
A1096/A1096M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/A1096_A1096M-15.10.1520/A1096_A1096M-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A1096/A1096M − 22
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 bond, n—longitudinal components of adhesion, friction, and mechanical interlock between wire and mortar or concrete.
3.1.2 bond breaker, n—product wrapped around wire to prevent wire-to-mortar bond over a certain length.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—
Duct tape is commonly used for this purpose.
3.1.3 mortar, n—mixture of cement, fine aggregate, and water.
3.1.4 test specimen, n—assembly consisting of one steel casing, one sample of wire, and mortar.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Six samples of 0.2 – 0.3 in. [5 – 8 mm] diameter (see Note 1) steel wire are selected from a single continuous length for testing.
Each wire sample is cast into a steel casing with a bonded length of 6 in. [150 mm].
4.2 A mortar mixture, including the fine aggregate source, is prescribed, but the cement source is not.
4.3 Testing of the six specimens begins shortly after the mortar-cube compressive strength reaches 4500 psi [31.0 MPa] and ends
before the strength reaches 5000 p
...
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