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ASTM F3419-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mineral Characterization of Equine Surface Materials by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Techniques

Standard Test Method for Mineral Characterization of Equine Surface Materials by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Techniques

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Petrographic examinations are made for the following purposes:  
5.1.1 To determine the mineralogy of the material that may be observed by petrographic methods (in this method, by use of XRD) and that may have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
5.1.2 To determine the relative amounts of the constituents of the sample which is essential for proper evaluation of the sample when the constituents may differ significantly in properties that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
5.1.3 This method helps to evaluate mineral aggregate sources for suitability as a material to be used for construction, renovation, or modification of equine surfaces. The information gathered will allow for the comparison of the composition of new mineral sources with samples of other mineral aggregate from one or more sources, for which test data or performance records are available.  
5.2 This method may be used by a petrographer employed directly by those for whom the examination is made. The employer should tell the petrographer, in as much detail as necessary, the purposes and objectives of the examination, the kind of information needed, and the extent of examination desired. Pertinent background information, including results of prior testing, should be made available. The petrographer’s advice and judgment should be sought regarding the extent of the examination.  
5.3 This method may form the basis for establishing arrangements between a purchaser of consulting petrographic service and the petrographer. In such a case, the purchaser and the consultant should together determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination and analyses to be made and should record their agreement in writing. The agreement may stipulate specific determinations to be made, observations to be reported, funds to be obligated, or a combination of these or other conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 X-Ray diffraction (XRD) is a tool for identifying minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, and types of clay present in bulk samples of equine surfaces. Determining the mineralogy of a given bulk sample provides insight into surface properties, such as abrasion resistance by comparing the relative differences of hardness of the various mineral fractions such as quartz or feldspar or the plasticity differences in clay minerals such as smectite or kaolinite. XRD techniques are qualitative in nature and only semi-quantitative.  
1.2 Particle size distribution analyses methods including hydrometer tests to determine proportions of sand, silt, and clay fractions based upon particle size but are not able to distinguish particles by shape or mineralogy of materials. In addition to a qualitative detection of minerals present in a sample, XRD methods are also semi-quantitative and also yield important data on the relative proportion of particular minerals present.  
1.3 XRD techniques are generally semi-quantitative in nature. Even so, such semiquantitative data is useful in determining relative proportions of each mineral type. This method is also semi-qualitative in nature as it is geared for the determination or mineral groups. For example, it will determine the relative amount of alkali feldspars (such as K-feldspar or Nafeldspar) from Plagioclase-feldspar but not necessarily if the Plagioclase-feldspar is albite or anorthite nor whether the K-feldspar is orthoclase of microcline. Likewise, it will differentiate smectite from mica from kaolinite but not whether the smectite is montmorillonite or saponite. More precise determination of mineral species by XRD is possible but involves more advanced preparation and treatment methods than what is within the scope of this standard.  
1.4 The XRD method herein primarily makes use of “Glass Slide Method” but may be subject to modification depending on the user’s needs.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety c...

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2022
ICS
07.060 - Geology. Meteorology. Hydrology
Technical Committee
F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
Drafting Committee
F08.28 - Equestrian Surfaces
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM F3419-22 - Standard Test Method for Mineral Characterization of Equine Surface Materials by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) TechniquesASTM F3419-22 - Standard Test Method for Mineral Characterization of Equine Surface Materials by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Techniques
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ASTM F3419-22 - Standard Test Method for Mineral Characterization of Equine Surface Materials by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Techniques
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3419 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Mineral Characterization of Equine Surface Materials by
1
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3419; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 X-Ray diffraction (XRD) is a tool for identifying
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, and types of clay present
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in bulk samples of equine surfaces. Determining the mineral-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ogy of a given bulk sample provides insight into surface
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
properties, such as abrasion resistance by comparing the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
relative differences of hardness of the various mineral fractions
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
such as quartz or feldspar or the plasticity differences in clay
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
minerals such as smectite or kaolinite. XRD techniques are
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
qualitative in nature and only semi-quantitative.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 Particle size distribution analyses methods including
hydrometer tests to determine proportions of sand, silt, and
2. Referenced Documents
clay fractions based upon particle size but are not able to 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
distinguish particles by shape or mineralogy of materials. In
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
addition to a qualitative detection of minerals present in a
F3401 Test Method for Wax Binder Removal from Eques-
sample,XRDmethodsarealsosemi-quantitativeandalsoyield
trian Synthetic Track Surfaces
important data on the relative proportion of particular minerals
present.
3. Terminology
1.3 XRD techniques are generally semi-quantitative in na-
3.1 Definitions:
ture. Even so, such semiquantitative data is useful in determin-
3.1.1 clay fraction, n—a less than 4 µm Equivalent Spheri-
ing relative proportions of each mineral type. This method is
cal Diameter (ESD) fraction of the sample.
also semi-qualitative in nature as it is geared for the determi-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Clay size in many classification sys-
nation or mineral groups. For example, it will determine the
tems is the <2 µm fraction but for the purposes of this method
relative amount of alkali feldspars (such as K-feldspar or
the<4µm size is used. Also, the clay fraction does not
Nafeldspar)fromPlagioclase-feldsparbutnotnecessarilyifthe
necessarily mean clay minerals (phyllosilicates) but rather it is
Plagioclase-feldspar is albite or anorthite nor whether the
a size term and, as such, this size fraction includes non-clay
K-feldspar is orthoclase of microcline. Likewise, it will differ-
minerals (quartz, plagioclase, etc.). This size fraction is used
entiate smectite from mica from kaolinite but not whether the
because it also typically contains abundant clay minerals.
smectite is montmorillonite or saponite. More precise determi-
3.1.2 petrography, n—branch of petrology that focuses on
nation of mineral species by XRD is possible but involves
the detailed description and classification of minerals, rocks,
moreadvancedpreparationandtreatmentmethodsthanwhatis
sands, and soils.
within the scope of this standard.
3.1.3 solid solution, n—a homogeneous solid phase capable
1.4 The XRD method herein primarily makes use of “Glass
of existing throughout a range of chemical composition.
Slide Method” but may be subject to modification depending
3.1.4 X-ray diffraction (XRD), n—a rapid analytical tech-
on the user’s needs.
nique primarily used for phase identification of a crystalline
material and for determining unit cell dimensions.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
2
Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee F08.28 on Equestrian Surfaces. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to
...

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1.1 General:  
1.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the humidity of atmospheric air by means of wet- and dry-bulb temperature readings.  
1.1.2 This test method is applicable for meteorological measurements at the earth's surface, for the purpose of the testing of materials, and for the determination of the relative humidity of most standard atmospheres and test atmospheres.  
1.1.3 This test method is also applicable when the temperature of the wet bulb only is required. In this case, the instrument comprises a wet-bulb thermometer only.  
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5.1.1 This influences the economic risk analysis of these systems. Solar irradiance data are widely used, and the economic importance of these data is rapidly growing. For proper risk analysis, a clear indication of measurement uncertainty should therefore be required.  
5.2 At present, the tendency is to refer to instrument datasheets only and take the instrument calibration uncertainty as the field measurement uncertainty. This leads to over-optimistic estimates. This guide provides a more realistic approach to this issue and in doing so will also assists users to make a choice as to the instrumentation that should be used and the measurement procedure that should be followed.  
5.3 The availability of the adjunct (ADJG021317)5 uncertainty spreadsheet calculator provides real world example, implementation of the GUM method, and assists to understand the contribution of each source of uncertainty to the overall uncertainty estimate. Thus, the spreadsheet assists users or manufacturers to seek methods to mitigate the uncertainty from the main uncertainty contributors to the overall uncertainty.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance and recommended practices for evaluating uncertainties when calibrating and performing outdoor measurements with pyranometers and pyrheliometers used to measure total hemispherical- and direct solar irradiance. The approach follows the ISO procedure for evaluating uncertainty, the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) JCGM 100:2008 and that of the joint ISO/ASTM standard ISO/ASTM 51707 Standard Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry for Radiation Processing, but provides explicit examples of calculations. It is up to the user to modify the guide described here to their specific application, based on measurement equation and known sources of uncertainties. Further, the commonly used concepts of precision and bias are not used in this document. This guide quantifies the uncertainty in measuring the total (all angles of incidence), broadband (all 52 wavelengths of light) irradiance experienced either indoors or outdoors.  
1.2 An interactive Excel spreadsheet is provided as adjunct, ADJG021317. The intent is to provide users real world examples and to illustrate the implementation of the GUM method.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3032-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Climate Resiliency Planning and Strategy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Use of this Standard Guide—This guide addresses issues related solely to adaptation strategies and development of a plan to address extreme weather and related physical changes. This guide does not include specific guidance on risk assessment, however references are provided in Appendix X3. The matrix approach does reflect general risks for certain regions of the country, based upon the frequency of extreme weather and/or conditions such as fires, floods, storms, drought, and extreme temperatures. Adaptation strategies and planning may consist of a wide variety of actions by an individual, community, or organization to prepare for, or respond to, the impacts of extreme weather.  
4.1.1 This guide does not address causes of extreme weather.  
4.1.2 This guide addresses adjustment strategies and planning that a group of people or ecosystems make to limit negative effects of extreme weather. It also addresses taking advantage of opportunities that long term extreme weather patterns may present.  
4.2 Example Users:  
4.2.1 Small businesses or enterprises;  
4.2.2 Service industries;  
4.2.3 Federal, state or municipal facilities and regulators, including departments of health and fire departments;  
4.2.4 Financial and insurance institutions;  
4.2.5 Public works staff, including water system, stormwater system, wastewater system, solid waste, and other utilities (electrical, telephone, gas, et al) and other waste managers, including liquid and solid waste haulers, treatment, recycling, disposal and transfer;  
4.2.6 Consultants, auditors, state, municipal and private inspectors and compliance assistance personnel;  
4.2.7 Educational facilities;  
4.2.8 Property, buildings and grounds management, including landscaping;  
4.2.9 Non-regulatory government agencies, such as the military;  
4.2.10 Wildlife management entities including government, tribal and NGOs.  
4.3 This guide is a first step in crafting simplified goals for managing and communic...
SCOPE
1.1 Overview—For the purposes of this guide, ‘resiliency’ refers to efforts by entities, organizations, or individuals to prepare for or adjust to future extreme weather and related physical conditions. The primary purpose is to reduce negative economic impacts associated with extreme weather.  
1.1.1 This guide presents a generalized, systematic approach to voluntary assessment and risk management of extreme climate related events and conditions. It helps the user structure their understanding of the climate related vulnerabilities and consequences they seek to manage. It helps the user identify adaptive actions of both an institutional (legal), as well as engineering (physical) nature. Options for analysis provide a priority ranking system to address the “worst first” risks of a municipality, local area or facility, addressing practicality and cost-benefit. Users may approach this analysis having initially undertaken a risk assessment to determine what they are seeking to manage, or use the guide to help determine the likely areas of greatest need.  
1.1.2 These climate adaptations or adjustments may be either protective (that is, guarding against negative impacts of extreme weather), or opportunistic (that is, taking advantage of any beneficial effects of extreme weather).  
1.1.3 This guide addresses adaptation strategies and planning in response to various impacts that may occur to individuals, organizations, human settlements or ecosystems in a broad variety of ways. For example, extreme weather might increase or decrease rainfall, influence agricultural crop yields, affect human health, cause changes to forests and other ecosystems, or impact energy supply or infrastructure.  
1.1.4 Climate-related impacts may occur locally within a region or across a country and may affect many sectors of the economy. In order to meet these challenges, this guide provides an organized, uniform approach to prepare for the impa...

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ASTM
ASTM C1721-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Petrographic Examination of Dimension Stone

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Petrographic examinations are made for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 Determine the physical and chemical characteristics (mineralogy, texture, and composition) of the stone specimen that may be observed by petrographic methods and that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.2 Describe and classify the minerals of the specimen.  
4.1.3 Classify the stone both commercially and geologically based on Terminology C119, recognizing the differences in nomenclature; and based on the following standards, as appropriate:
Specification C406
Specification C503
Specification C568
Specification C615
Specification C616
Specification C629
Specification C1526
Specification C1527  
4.1.4 Determine the relative amounts of the minerals of the specimen and constituents that have a bearing on the performance of the material in its intended use.  
4.1.5 Compare characteristics of the stone with specimens from one or more sources, for which test data or performance records are available.  
4.2 The petrographer should be told in as much detail as necessary, the purposes and objectives of the examination, the kind of information needed, and the extent of examination desired.  
4.2.1 Pertinent background information, including results of prior testing, such as physical and mechanical testing, should be made available. The petrographer’s advice and judgment should be sought regarding the extent of the examination. Available physical and mechanical testing may include the following:
Test Methods C97
Test Method C99
Test Method C170
Test Method C880
Test Methods C120
Test Method C121
Test Method C241
Test Method C1353  
Test Method C217  
4.3 This guide may form the basis for establishing arrangements between a purchaser of consulting petrographic service and the petrographer. In such a case, the purchaser and the consultant should together determine the kind, extent, and objectives of the examination and analy...
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1.1 This guide outlines procedures for the petrographic examination of stone specimen material proposed for use as dimension stone used in construction.  
1.2 This guide outlines the extent to which petrographic techniques should be used, the selection of petrographic related properties that should be looked for, and the manner in which such techniques may be employed in the examination of dimension stone.  
1.3 The rock and mineral names given in Terminology C119 should be used, insofar as they are appropriate, in reports prepared in accordance with this guide.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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